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  • 1995-1999  (6)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wetting and spreading of molten aluminium against AlN surfaces (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 3243-3248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Wetting and spreading of molten aluminium against AlN substrates were investigated between 1100 and 1290°C. The contact angles decreased linearly with time under isothermal conditions between 1100 and 1200°C. The isothermal rate of spreading of molten aluminium against AlN substrates was constant between 1220 and 1290°C and the rate increased exponentially with increasing temperature. Crystals of Al4C3 nucleated and grew on the substrate surface beneath the liquid. However, the formation of Al4C3 may not be solely responsible for the changes in contact angle and spreading. It is postulated that carbon contamination from the substrate and/or experimental equipment coupled with the low oxygen partial pressure of the chamber in the presence of graphite, were primarily responsible for the observed contact angle and spreading phenomena. The activation energy for the spreading process was 448 kJ mol-1, suggesting the presence of some chemical reaction at the interface. Carbon-rich aluminium may be initiating a continuous surface reaction with the AlN substrates by reducing the native oxide layer on the substrate surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018671222266
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of saltation (1997)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 124 (1997), S. 199-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary This paper presents a model of the uplift by wind of heavy (i.e. saltating and unaffected by turbulent diffusion) soil particles. Detailed trajectories are not calculated, although trajectory heights are required and this necessitates taking account of the drag on particles. Quantities required as input are (a) the mass-concentration at a height equal to the roughness length above the surface for each size class, (b) the roughness length of the undisturbed surface, and (c) the friction velocity which is assumed to be controlled by the overlying wind and unaffected by erosion. The model is combined with a previously bublished model for lighter particles and applied to hypothetical size distributions for a range of friction velocities. Mean-diameter profiles and horizontal fluxes are obtained and found to agree well with observations by various workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213025
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of suspension with saltation (1995)
    Springer
    Acta mechanica 108 (1995), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-6937
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A theoretical approach to the treatment of wind erosion data, particularly from a wind tunnel, is presented. Considerations are given to the utilisation of a real data set in validation of the model, data that will be presented in a forthcoming paper. Following this, the physics of particle suspension, saltation and the turbulent boundary layer are examined. Two different mathematical models evolve: one considers only suspension, another evokes Bagnold's observation that eroding material merely shifts the velocity profile and the effect of the airborne material on the effective density of the air parcel. These produce a final, relatively simple expression that credibly fits the data of Gerety and Slingerland. A critique of the approach reveals it to be an adequate expression of the known mechanisms of suspension and saltation. Derived algebraic forms for integrated collectors show several of the same “logarithmic power” dependences. Importantly, the results show little influence of saltation itself on the profile. It appears that the saltation process is responsible for a feedback such that the eddy diffusion process for particle movement is effectively enhanced. The combination of an appropriate correction of the pitot data (following Scott and Carter) and a complete mass balance has removed the “kink” from the velocity profile and also the need to consider the saltation process itself in the particle mass balance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01177324
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    A mathematical model of saltation (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0001-5970
    Electronic ISSN: 1619-6937
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
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    A mathematical model of suspension with saltation (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0001-5970
    Electronic ISSN: 1619-6937
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Prediction of chloride leaching from a non-irrigated, de-watered saline soil using the MACRO model (1997)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-12-31
    Description: A pedon scale study was conducted to investigate the degree of chloride leaching from a de-watered saline soil profile in the non-irrigated wheatbelt region of south-western Australia. Within the surface 250mm of the soil profile was a dispersed layer acting as a hydraulic throttle. Soil water tensions and chloride concentrations were obtained over a two-year period over depths ranging from 0.2m to 1.5m. In the first year the soil surface remained untouched. In the second year, the throttle layer was fractured by ripping to a depth of 250mm. Rainfall, runoff and potential evaporation were also measured at the site. These data were used to calibrate and run the MACRO solute transport model using three surface treatment management scenarios: I. the soil surface remains unchanged (`Do nothing'); II. the soil surface is continually ripped; III. the soil surface is ripped followed by surface scaling. The time period required, effectively, to leach the chloride from the profile, to a depth of 1.5m, was predicted. Effective leaching would take at least 400 years and possibly in excess of 200,000 years for Treatment I, 5 years for Treatment II and 90 years for Treatment III. Macropores that were observed within the sub-surface soil profile played no significant role in the leaching of the chloride. However, the rip fractures were treated as macropores by the MACRO model and as such allowed greater infiltration of water that resulted in the mobilisation of chloride within the rest of the soil profile.
    Print ISSN: 1027-5606
    Electronic ISSN: 1607-7938
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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