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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (259)
  • 1995-1999  (228)
  • 1935-1939  (20)
  • 1930-1934  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular interactions between fibronectin and integrins during mouse blastocyst outgrowth (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 435-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Peri-implantation embryogenesis ; Trophoblast cells ; Recombinant proteins ; Integrins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To investigate the mechanism of trophoblast adhesion to fibronectin, we cultured blastocysts in serum-free medium on proteolytic fibronectin fragments containing its major functional domains, and localized fibronectin-binding integrins in outgrowing trophoblast cells by immunofluorescent staining. Outgrowth comparable to that obtained with intact fibronectin was observed using a 120 kD chymotryptic fragment containing the central cell-binding domain (FN-120) and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition sequence. A 40 kD COOH-terminal chymotryptic fragment of fibronectin containing both a heparin-binding region and an alternate (non-RGD) cell-binding site was inactive in supporting trophoblast adhesion. Three synthetic peptides derived from the heparin-binding domain, including the CS1 alternate cell-binding site, were also unable to promote trophoblast cell adhesion. A 75 kD recombinant protein, ProNectin F, containing 13 copies of the cell recognition epitope of fibronectin, Val-Thr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Ala-Ser, vigorously supported blastocyst outgrowth. Blastocyst outgrowth was not significantly different when surfaces were precoated with cellular fibronectin, which contains an alternatively spliced type III repeat and is the form actually encountered in vivo. Several putative fibronectin receptors were localized in trophoblast outgrowths by immunofluorescent labeling. Antibodies reactive with integrin subunits α3, α5, αllb, αv, β1 and β3, but not α4, all bound to trophoblast cells. Antibodies raised against either the β1 or β3 integrin subunits significantly inhibited fibronectin-mediated outgrowth. These findings demonstrate the key role of the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin in trophoblast adhesion, and suggest four RGD-binding integrins, α3β1, α5β1, αllbβ3, and αvβ3, that could mediate trophoblast adhesion in vitro and may play an important role during implantation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and location of amphiregulin and Cripto-1 expression in the developing postnatal mouse mammary gland (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: EGF-like ligands ; Postnatal development ; RT-PCR ; Immunocytochemistry ; Immunoblotting ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Amphiregulin (Ar) and Cripto-1 (Cr-1) are growth promoting peptides that share amino acid sequence homology with epidermal growth factor (EGF). The present study examined Ar and Cr-1 mRNA and protein expression during various stages of C57BL/6 mouse mammary morphogenesis. Reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect transcripts for Ar and Cr-1 at all stages of mammary development. Immunocytochemical (ICC) localization demonstrated that in virgin 4-week to mature 12-week-old mouse fourth inguinal mammary gland, Ar and Cr-1 are expressed in the stromal cells, luminal epithelial cells, and myoepithelial cells of the branching ducts. Ar, and to lesser extent Cr-1, were also found in the epithelial cap cells and in the luminal epithelial cells of the advancing terminal end bud (TEB) from virgin 4-week and 6-week-old mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that both Ar (28 and 26 kDa) and Cr-1 (90, 67, 56, and 21 kDa) proteins are expressed in virgin, 13.5 day midpregnant and in the 14 day lactating mammary gland. In addition, Ar and Cr-1 are associated with developing alveolar structures as determined by ICC. These results imply that together with EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), Ar and Cr-1 may play salient roles as modifiers in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the mammary gland. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed magnetic field from video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: video display terminals ; embryogenesis ; teratology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Eighty-nine Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) group, a cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, a teratogen) group, and, a combined PMF + ara-C group. Mice in the PMF and PMF + ara-C groups were irradiated with a PMF (a sawtooth waveform with 52 μs rise time, 12 μs decay time, and 15.6 kHz frequency) at a peak magnetic flux density of 40 μT for 4 hours daily on days 6-17 of gestation. The mice in the ara-C and the PMF + ara-C groups were injected intraperitoneally on day 9 of gestation with 10 mg/kg of ara-C. The incidence of resorption and dead fetuses was not affected by PMF but was increased by ara-C injection. The malformation incidence of cleft palate (CP) and/or cleft lip (CL) was significantly higher in all three of the treated groups than in the control group (P 〈 0.05). If, however, statistical analyses had been done on litters rather than on individual fetuses, they would show that the incidence of CP and/or CL in the PMF group is not significantly greater than that in the control group. A significantly higher incidence of CP and/or CL was found in the PMF + ara-C group (49%) than the ara-C alone group (26.1%). These data suggest that PMF might enhance the development of ara-C-induced CP and/or CL. The incidence of minor variations in skeletal development, including reduction of skeletal calcification and loss of skeleton, was not statistically significant in the PMF group. However, it was higher in the two ara-C-treated groups, and there was no significant difference between the ara-C alone group and the ara-C + PMF group. From these results it is concluded that the very weak embryotoxic effects of PMF exposure may be revealed and enhanced in combination with a teratogenic agent. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buccal glands of adults of the lamprey Mordacia mordax, including comparisons with other species (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mordacia mordax is one of the two anadromous parasitic lamprey species of the southern hemisphere family Mordaciidae. Its adults possess two lateral buccal glands and one central buccal gland. When the tongue-like piston is retracted, the buccal glands occupy much of the opening of the oral cavity at the rear of the buccal cavity. The glands contain numerous tube-like, ductless secretory units, which discharge directly into the buccal cavity. Their secretory epithelial cells contain numerous granules, some of which are zymogen-like, while others have a beaded, spiralled appearance. The similarity of the latter to mast cell granules suggests that they may likewise produce an anticoagulant, which would be valuable to a presumed blood feeder such as M. mordax. The mucus produced by these cells could act as a carrier for the secretions and as an adhesive for promoting retention of t he secretions on the host's surface. When the young adults is transferred to salt water, the buccal glands increase their production and discharge of secretions. Since the glands are not enclosed in musculature, their secretions are probably discharged by mechanical pressure applied by the forward movement of the head of the tooth-bearing piston into the buccal cavity. An account is given of the way in which the location, number, glandular organization, secretory granules, and type of secretion of the buccal glands of M. mordax, and thus presumably also their mode of function, differ markedly from those of members of the other lamprey family found in the southern hemisphere, and of all holarrctic lampreys. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260309
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective effects of hydrocortisone on intestinal lipoprotein and apolipoprotein synthesis in the human fetus (1997)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chylomicron ; very low density lipoprotein ; high density lipoprotein ; apoprotein B-100 ; apoprotein B-48 ; apoprotein A-I ; fat transport ; ontogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [14C]-oleic acid or [14C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [14C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P 〈 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P 〈 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P 〈 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [14C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [35S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65-76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer graphics of SEM images facilitate recognition of chromosome position in isolated human metaphase plates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 408-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Mitosis ; Chromosomes ; Lung cells ; HeLa S3 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: There is general agreement that at the time of mitosis chromosomes occupy precise positions and that these positions likely affect subsequent nuclear function in interphase. However, before such ideas can be investigated in human cells, it is necessary to determine first the precise position of each chromosome with regard to its neighbors. It has occurred to us that stereo images, produced by scanning electron microscopy, of isolated metaphase plates could form the basis whereby these positions could be ascertained. In this paper we describe a computer graphic technique that permits us to keep track of individual chromosomes in a metaphase plate and to compare chromosome positions in different metaphas plates. Moreover, the computer graphics provide permanent, easily manipulated, rapid recall of stored chromosome profiles. These advantages are demonstrated by a comparison of the relative position of group A - specific and groups D - and G - specific chromosomes to the full complement of chromosomes in metaphase plates isolated from a nearly triploid human-derived cell (HeLa S3) to a hypo-diploid human fetal lung cell. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300507
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical and microstructural study of oxide films formed electrochemically at microcrystalline al-fe-v-si alloys (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Oxide film ; Barrier film ; Ultramicrotomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A recent advance in metallurgical technology has been the application of rapid solidification techniques to Al alloy production. FVS0812 is the designation given to a microcrystalline Al-based alloy consisting of 8 wt% Fe, 1 wt% V and 2 wt% Si. It is a two-phase alloy, consisting of ca. 27 vol percent of approximately spherical Fe-V-Si-rich dispersoids in an essentially pure Al matrix. The high strength, low density properties of this advanced material, and other related alloys, have not yet been realized, however, due, in part, to the inability of the alloy to form a thick, adherent, abrasion-resistant outer surface oxide film, a feature readily achieved at conventional Al alloys by normal anodizing methods. The present research has involved an electro-chemical study of oxide film growth at the 812 alloy, with the specific goals being to seek an understanding of the origin of the oxide film growth problem and ultimately to propose alternative approaches to the formation of a thick, stable oxide film at this material. The techniques used in this research have included electrochemical methodologies such as cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Crucial information has been obtained through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ultramicrotomed specimens. Experiments were carried out initially in neutral borate solutions to characterize the compact barrier oxide film formed in this environment and expected to be present beneath the porous oxide film formed in the normal sulfuric acid anodizing medium. In borate solutions, the electrochemical results implied oxide film thicknesses which were less than seen subsequently by TEM work, suggesting either that the barrier film at the 812 alloy can be penetrated by solution in very fine pores (not resolvable by conventional TEM) at its outer surface or that dispersoids trapped in the oxide film cause differential oxide film thicknesses to develop across the alloy surface. In sulfuric acid solutions, dissolution of Fe and V occurs from the 812 alloy during anodization. Both impedance and TEM studies reveal the absence of a barrier film at the 812 alloy surface. Also, the thick oxide overlayer has a tortuous and more open pore structure than formed at Al and the oxide film is also substantially thinner than it should be. It is suggested that the absence of a barrier oxide film indicates that the sulfuric acid anodizing medium is too aggressive for oxide film formation at the 812 alloy, resulting in excessive dissolution and poor oxide film qualities. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070310405
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of genomic alterations in human cervical cancer by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; cervical cancer ; genomic alterations ; genomic scanning ; chemoprevention ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to comprehensively scan the whole genome of 6 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, 7 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, 1 cervical adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cervical adenocarcinomas for multiple genetic alterations, such as DNA amplification, chromosome deletion, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome translocation, as compared with the paired normal tissues. DNA spot analysis of the genomic 2-dimensional gels was performed by a computer color overlay system and by spot recognition software allowing for objective spot comparison and quantitation. Nine spots were found to be amplified in the cervical carcinomas while two amplified spots were detected in the CIN III lesions. Fourteen DNA spots were either reduced in their intensity or absent in cervical carcinomas as compared to their normal paired tissues. Reduction of intensity in 6 spots was observed in the 5 CIN III lesions. These genetic alterations may represent changes in cancer genes that are associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Further characterization of these alterations may be significant to the understanding of cervical tumorigenesis and to the development of biomarkers for clinical trials in cancer chemoprevention. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:41-48. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy of the human esophagus: Application to barrett's esophagus, a precancerous lesion (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 31 (1995), S. 248-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Esophageal reflux ; Morphometry ; Distinctive cell ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In Barrett's esophagus, metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces the normal squamous epithelium. The importance of this lesion lies in the increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus occuring in patients with Barrett's esophagus. We characterized the surface epithelial cells of Barrett's esophagus using quantitative scanning electron microscopy. Three distinct surface cell types, in addition to the goblet cell, were recognized in Barrett's epithelium: the gastric-like cell and the intestinal-like cell, both of which were similar to normal gastric and small intestinal surface cells, respectively, by quantitative scanning electron microscopy, and the variant cell which had a range of surface features. In four biopsy specimens from the squamo-Barrett's junction in three patients, we found the distinctive cell that had features intermediate between those of squamous and columnar epithelium. On the distinctive cell's surface there are two disparate structures not normally present on the same cell in the gastrointestinal tract: microvilli (a scanning electron microscopy feature of glandular epithelium) and intercellular ridges (a scanning electron microscopy feature of squamous epithelium). The surface characteristics of this cell were almost identical to those of cells found in the transformation zone of the uterine cervix, an area in which squamous epithelium physiologically replaces columnar epithelium. Scanning electron microscopy of Barrett's esophagus has increased our understanding of this precancerous lesion by showing striking cellular heterogeneity. It has also identified the distinctive cell which may represent an intermediate step in the development of Barrett's epithelium during which the surface characteristics of two different cell types, columnar and squamous, coexist in the same cell. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070310308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of temporal sensing in bioelectromagnetic effects (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 18 (1997), S. 388-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: ornithine decarboxylase ; cell culture ; 60 Hz fields ; “averaging” time ; “memory” time ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were conducted to see whether the cellular response to electromagnetic (EM) fields occurs through a detection process involving temporal sensing. L929 cells were exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields and the enhancement of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was measured to determine cellular response to the field. In one set of experiments, the field was turned alternately off and on at intervals of 0.1 to 50 s. For these experiments, field coherence was maintained by eliminating the insertion of random time intervals upon switching. Intervals ≥ 1 s produced no enhancement of ODC activity, but fields switched at intervals ≥ 10 s showed ODC activities that were enhanced by a factor of approximately 1.7. These data indicate that it is the interval over which field parameters (e.g., amplitude or frequency) remain constant, rather than the interval over which the field is coherent, that is critical to cellular response to an EMF. In a second set of experiments, designed to determine how long it would take for cells to detect a change in field parameters, the field was interrupted for brief intervals (25-200 ms) once each second throughout exposure. In this situation, the extent of EMF-induced ODC activity depended upon the duration of the interruption. Interruptions ≥ 100 ms were detected by the cell as shown by elimination of field-induced enhancement of ODC. That two time constants (0.1 and 10 s) are involved in cellular EMF detection is consistent with the temporal sensing process associated with bacterial chemotaxis. By analogy with bacterial temporal sensing, cells would continuously sample and average an EM field over intervals of about 0.1 s (the “averaging” time), storing the averaged value in memory. The cell would compare the stored value with the current average, and respond to the EM field only when field parameters remain constant over intervals of approximately 10 s (the “memory” time). Bioelectromagnetics 18:388-395, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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