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Folate deficiency and DNA-methyltransferase inhibition modulate G-quadruplex frequency (2016)

Francois, M., Leifert, W. R., Tellam, R., Fenech, M. F.

Oxford University Press

In: Mutagenesis

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Publication Date: 2016-06-23

Description: G-quadruplexes (G4) are highly stable tetra-stranded DNA secondary structures known to mediate gene regulation and to trigger genomic instability events during replication. G4 structural stability can be affected by DNA methylation and oxidation modifications; thus nutrients such as folate that have the ability to alter these processes could potentially modify the genomic occurrence of G4 elements. Hela cells were cultured in a range of folate concentrations or in the presence or absence of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a DNA-methyltransferase inhibitor. G4 structures were then quantified by immunofluorescence using an automated quantitative imaging system. G4 frequency in Hela cells and nuclei area mean were increased in 20nM folate medium compared with 2000nM folate, as well as in the presence of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine when compared to cells non-exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. These changes were exacerbated when pyridostatin, a G4 stabilising ligand, was added to the culture medium. G4 intensity in Hela cells cultured in deficient folate condition with pyridostatin was highly correlated with DNA damage as measured by H2AX immunofluorescence ( r = 0.71). This study showed for the first time that cellular G4 balance is modifiable by low folate concentrations and that these changes may occur as a consequence of DNA hypomethylation. Although the exact mechanism by which these changes occur is unclear, these findings establish the possibility that nutrients could be utilised as a tool for sustaining genome integrity by modifying G4 frequency at a cellular level.

Print ISSN: 0267-8357

Electronic ISSN: 1464-3804

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Published by Oxford University Press

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Linear Symmetric "Fat Taxes": Evidence from Brazil (2015)

Leifert, R. M., Lucinda, C. R.

Oxford University Press

In: Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy

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Publication Date: 2015-11-06

Description: According to the World Health Organization, the obesity epidemic is a threat. Brazil is not an exception, and the objective of this article is to analyze the effects of a "fat tax" there. For this purpose, the estimation of a demand system was carried out and policy simulations were performed using the estimated parameters. The simulation results indicate that to be successful, this "fat tax" must be combined with a subsidy on healthy food. Another contribution was the analysis of a linear symmetric revenue-neutral tax schedule with more pronounced changes to micronutrient intake at no net cost to the government.

Keywords: D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis, D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation, I18 - Government Policy ; Regulation ; Public Health

Print ISSN: 2040-5790

Electronic ISSN: 2040-5804

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Economics