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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 136 (1995), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Aufforstungsgebiet mit Japanlärche und Waldkiefer von 325 ha bei Lingen/Emsland mit 600 künstlichen Nisthöhlen konnten 1974–1993 jährlich 16–98 Brutpaare der Tannenmeise kontrolliert werden; rund zwei Drittel der Paare brüteten im Mittel aller Jahre zweimal pro Saison. Die Reproduktionsrate (Zahl flügger Nestlinge), die lokale Rekrutierungsrate (Zahl der sich fortpflanzenden geburtsortstreuen Jungvögel) und die Überlebensrate einjähriger Tannenmeisen-♀, die nur einmal brüteten (Gruppe 1), wird verglichen mit einjährigen ♀ mit zwei Bruten (Gruppe 2); einjährige ♀ mit mißglückter Erst- oder Zweitbrut blieben unberücksichtigt. Als Maß für die Überlebensrate gilt die lokale Wiederfangrate der ♀. Gruppe 2 hatte eine gesichert höhere Reproduktions- und Rekrutierungsrate als Gruppe 1, und zwar nicht nur im 1. Brutjahr, sondern auch über alle Lebenszeit-Brutjahre (lifetime reproduction). Zwischen Brutenzahl und Wiederfangrate der ♀ im jeweils nächsten Jahr besteht eine gesichert positive Beziehung. Dies dürfte auf im Duchschnitt bessere „Qualität“ der ♀ mit Zweitbruten zurückzuführen sein. Die Ergebnisse stimmen nicht mit der „cost of reproduction hypothesis“ überein.
    Notes: Abstract We compared the reproductive output, local recruitment rates and survival rates of 1 year old Coal Tit females breeding only once („group 1“) with the corresponding values of 1 year old females breeding twice („group 2“). One year old females which failed first or second broods were excluded. Survival was estimated by the local recovery rate of females during the next breeding season. Our data do not fit with the „cost of reproduction hypothesis“ as females with significantly higher reproductive output and recruitment („group 2“) did not show lower survival. We even found a significantly positive correlation between production of a second brood and recovery rate the next year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 125 (1984), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1974–1983 in a study area of larch forest (52.27 N, 7.15 E), with 600 nestboxes, near Lingen/Emsland in western Lower Saxony, polygyny among Pied Flycatchers was identified as participation of ♂ in feeding at 2 or 3 nestboxes (bigyny or trigyny). 20.7% of ♀ were shown to be paired with a polygamous ♂. Beside 51 cases of bigyny 4 cases of trigyny were identified. The incidence of polygyny was also considered in relation to the „border situation“ of the study area. Proven polygamous ♂ were on average older than other ♂ (2.71 as compared to 2.18 years). On average polygamous ♂ had longer wings and greater bodyweight than ♂ without polygamous record, which is to be interpreted as a result of differing age structure. On average the mean distance between nestboxes of bigamists was 258 m (max. 750 m). In cases of broods without recorded feeding ♂ (generally this would occur in cases of secondary broods of polygamous ♂ in which the ♂ assisted only rarely or not at all) the number of reared young (on average 2.9) was significantly lower than the breeding success realised by 2 other groups (♂ recorded as assisting in rearing one brood only 4.7; ♂ recorded as assisting in rearing 2–3 broods 4.5). A period of 1–16 days (on average 7) elapsed between the hatching dates of broods of bigamists. The average age of ♀ in the earlier broods was 2.67 yrs, in the later broods 1.67 yrs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1974–1983 waren in einem mit 600 künstlichen Nisthöhlen ausgestatteten Lärchen-Versuchsforst (52.27 N, 7.15 E) bei Lingen/Emsland beim Trauerschnäpper 20,7% der ♀ nachweislich mit einem polygamen ♂ verpaart. Neben 51 Bigynie-Fällen konnte auch 4mal Trigynie nachgewiesen werden. ♂ mit Polygamie-Nachweis waren im Mittel älter als die übrigen ♂ (2,71 bzw. 2,18 Jahre). Polygame ♂ hatten im Durchschnitt längere Flügel und ein größeres Gewicht als ♂ ohne Polygamie-Nachweis, was als Folge der unterschiedlichen Altersstruktur zu deuten ist. Brutkästen der Bigamisten waren im Mittel 258 m voneinander entfernt (Maximum 750 m). Bei Bruten ohne Nachweis eines fütternden ♂ lag die Anzahl ausgeflogener Junge (im Mittel 2,9) gesichert unter dem Bruterfolg von zwei anderen Gruppen (fütterndes ♂ bei einer Brut festgestellt 4,7; fütterndes ♂ bei 2–3 Bruten festgestellt 4,5). Zwischen den Schlüpfterminen von Bigamisten-Bruten lagen 1–16 $$(\bar x = 7)$$ Tage. Das Durchschnittsalter der ♀ in den jeweils früheren Bruten betrug 2,67, in den jeweils späteren Bruten 1,67 Jahre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 117 (1976), S. 419-437 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A contribution to the question “Strain during the reproductive period”. Studies of weight in adult and nestling Pied Flycatchers under normal and experimentally varied rearing conditions were undertaken from the beginning of May to the middle June 1973 in three research areas near Braunschweig. The following results were obtained: 1. The weight of female Pied Flycatchers scarcely altered during the brooding phase; it appeared to increase rather than decrease. 2. Female Pied Flycatchers, during the brooding phase, weighed on average 15,6 g (range 12,7 to 18,3 g), while males, in the same period, were significantly 2,5 g lighter (average 13,1; range 11,8 g to 13,8 g). 3. Females who had brooded non-viable eggs for several days beyond the normal incubation period were almost exactly the same weight as during the first 14 days of brooding. 4. Older females were significantly, on average, 0,5 g heavier than one-year old females. 5. Females breeding in broadleaf woodland were significantly 0,4 g heavier than those breeding in pine forest. 6. Females taken off young on the day of hatching were — significantly — 0,7 g lighter than in the preceding brooding phase. 7. All females that were weighed during the brooding phase and also while feeding young at least 11 days old (90 values) had lost weight: namely a minimum of 1,2 g (=8%), on average 3,0 g (=19%) and a maximum of 5,3 g (=29%). 8. The loss of weight in females increased proportionally to the number of young they were feeding. 9. Older females showed as large a weight loss as one-year old females during the feeding period. 10. The difference in weight between the sexes established for the brooding phase continued to diminish during the period that the young were being reared; for males, in contrast with the females, lost relatively little weight (5%) while feeding young. Shortly before the nestlings fledged (young of 11 days and older), females weighed 12,8 g and males 12,6 g. 11. Females who had to feed the young on their own, after the departure of the male from nestlings 7 or 8 days old, were significantly 0,3 g lighter, after a week, than females in the same area who reared the brood with their partner. 12. Young who had been fed by the female alone from 7 or 8 days old had a significantly lower weight at the age of 11 to 16 days than nestlings of the same age were reared by both parents. 13. In broods with a greater number of young (7 and 8 nestlings), fledging success was significantly lower at 43% and even 71% respectively, if the young had been fed by the female alone from the 7 or 8 day nestling stage. On the other hand, with a smaller number of young (5 and 6 nestlings), the increased feeding load on a solitary female had no demonstrable effect on fledging success. 14. Possible explanations for the different course of development in the weight of male and female Pied Flycatchers are presented and the related findings discussed in detail.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von Anfang Mai bis Mitte Juni 1973 wurden in drei Versuchsflächen bei Braunschweig Untersuchungen zur Gewichtsentwicklung adulter und nestjunger Trauerschnäpper unter normalen und experimentell veränderten Aufzucht-Bedingungen vorgenommen. Hierbei ergaben sich die folgenden Ergebnisse: 1. Das Gewicht weiblicher Trauerschnäpper veränderte sich während der Bebrütungsphase kaum; es scheint eher zu steigen als zu fallen. 2. Weibliche Trauerschnäpper wogen während der Bebrütungsphase im Durchschnitt 15,6 g (Extremwerte 12,7 und 18,3 g), während die Männchen zur gleichen Zeit gesichert um 2,5 g leichter waren (im Mittel 13,1 g; Extremwerte 11,8 g und 13,8 g). 3. Weibchen, die schon mehrere Tage über die normale Brutdauer auf schlupfunfähigen Eiern gebrütet hatten, waren etwa genauso schwer wie während der ersten 14 Bruttage. 4. Mehrjährige Weibchen waren gesichert im Mittel um 0,5 g schwerer als einjährige Weibchen. 5. Die im Laubwald brütenden Weibchen waren gesichert um 0,4 g schwerer als die im Kiefernforst brütenden Weibchen. 6. Weibchen, die auf 0-tägigen Jungen gefangen wurden, waren — gesichert — um 0,7 g leichter als in der vorangegangenen Bebrütungsphase. 7. Alle Weibchen, die sowohl während der Bebrütungsphase als auch beim Füttern mindestens 11 Tage alter Junge gewogen wurden (90 Werte), hatten an Gewicht verloren, und zwar minimal 1,2 g (=8%), im Durchschnitt 3,0 g (=19%) und maximal 5,3 g (=29%). 8. Der Gewichtsverlust der Weibchen war um so größer, je mehr Junge gefüttert wurden. 9. Mehrjährige Weibchen wiesen im Verlauf der Fütterperiode einen ebenso großen Gewichtsverlust auf wie einjährige Weibchen. 10. Der zwischen den Geschlechtern während der Bebrütungsphase festgestellte Gewichtsunterschied wurde im Verlauf der Jungen-Aufzuchtperiode immer geringer, da die Männchen im Gegensatz zu den Weibchen beim Füttern nur relativ wenig (5%) an Gewicht verloren. Kurz vor dem Ausfliegen der Nestlinge (Junge 11 Tage und älter) wogen die Weibchen 12,8 g und die Männchen 12,6 g. 11. Weibchen, die nach einem Fortfang des Männchens vom 7. oder 8. Nestlingstag an die Jungen allein füttern mußten, waren nach einer Woche gesichert um 0,3 g leichter als Weibchen, die ihre Brut im selben Gebiet gemeinsam mit dem Partner aufgezogen hatten. 12. Junge, die vom 7. oder 8. Tag an vom Weibchen allein gefüttert wurden, wiesen im Alter von 11 bis 16 Tagen ein gesichert niedrigeres Gewicht auf als gleichaltrige Nestlinge, die von beiden Elternvögeln aufgezogen waren. 13. In Bruten mit hoher Jungenzahl (7 bzw. 8 Nestlinge) lag der Ausfliege-Erfolg gesichert um 43% bzw. sogar 71% niedriger, wenn die Jungen vom 7. oder 8. Nestlingstag an vom Weibchen allein gefüttert wurden. Dagegen war bei niedrigeren Jungenzahlen (5 bzw. 6 Nestlinge) die vermehrte Fütterbelastung einsamer Weibchen ohne nachweisbaren Einfluß auf den Ausfliege-Erfolg. 14. Es werden Erklärungsmöglichkeiten für die bei männlichen und weiblichen Trauerschnäppern unterschiedlich verlaufende Gewichtsentwicklung aufgezeigt und die Befunde im Zusammenhang ausführlich diskutiert.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2009-12-11
    Print ISSN: 1612-4669
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-4677
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    IRD Éditions
    Publication Date: 2022-07-01
    Description: Au coeur des Andes, les quinueros, producteurs de quinoa des hauts plateaux de Bolivie, ne vivent pas coupés du reste du monde. En quelques années, ils ont fait d’une contrée désertique et froide la première région exportatrice de cette graine de haute valeur nutritive. Héritiers d’une tradition séculaire conjuguant agriculture locale et échanges lointains, ils ont innové et se sont organisés pour diffuser leur production à travers tous les continents. Mais plus qu’un simple phénomène de mondialisation des échanges, c’est une authentique révolution agricole qui se joue sous nos yeux. Pour rendre compte des transformations en cours, cet ouvrage abondamment illustré révèle les atouts, les enjeux et les défis que portent en eux la quinoa et les quinueros. Il le fait en associant intimement les hommes, la plante et le milieu, portant un regard pénétrant sur la réalité toujours changeante des hauts plateaux andins. Au-delà des idées reçues sur un produit en vogue, ce livre cherche aussi à encourager des échanges plus solidaires et plus responsables entre producteurs et consommateurs.
    Keywords: agriculture ; Bolivie ; Andes ; mondialisation ; développement ; économie ; quinoa ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNU Sustainability
    Language: French
    Format: image/png
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  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Mitzscherling, Julia; Horn, Fabian; Winterfeld, Maria; Mahler, Linda; Kallmeyer, Jens; Overduin, Pier Paul; Schirrmeister, Lutz; Winkel, Matthias; Grigoriev, Mikhail N; Wagner, Dirk; Liebner, Susanne (2019): Microbial community composition and abundance after millennia of submarine permafrost warming. Biogeosciences, 16(19), 3941-3958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3941-2019
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The mobilization of carbon in degrading permafrost is a long-term process and an important feedback upon climate change. Under submarine conditions substantial permafrost warming occurs millennia before permafrost thaws, potentially stimulating microbial communities. How microbial community composition and abundance responded to millennial-scale permafrost warming remains, however, unkown. We measured the in situ development of bacterial community composition and abundance together with temperature, salinity and pore water chemistry along an onshore-offshore transect on the Siberian Arctic Shelf. Samples derived from ice-bonded terrestrial permafrost comparable in age and sedimentation history that had been warming by more than 10 °C over the last 2500 years. Bacterial assemblages identified through amplicon sequencing correlated only weakly with temperature but strongly with pore water stable isotope signatures. They showed a significant spatial variation. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies quantified through qPCR negatively correlated with rising temperature, while both gene copies and total cell counts negatively correlated with increasing pore water salinity. Correlations of microbial community composition and abundance to stable isotope signatures and pore water salinity imply that they still mainly reflect the sedimentation history. On time-scales of centuries, permafrost warming coincided with decreasing microbial abundances, whereas millennia after inundation, microbial cell abundance was similar to onshore permafrost. We suggest that, as long as permafrost remains frozen the effect of warming alone on the permafrost-carbon-feedback is marginally even on time-scales of millennia because it has an overall low-level effect on microbial community composition and abundance.
    Keywords: AWI_PerDyn; Permafrost Research (Periglacial Dynamics) @ AWI
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Increasing concentration of biologically active pharmaceutical compounds can affect marine organisms. The bioavailability and environmental stability of these compounds make them potential threat to these organisms, specially the sessile organisms. We have examined the effects of atorvastatin, a globally prescribed drug, on the blue mussels – Mytilus edulis. In this data set, we presents the effect of atorvastatin (ATO) on the haemocyte counts of Mytilus edulis.
    Keywords: Atorvastatin; haemocyte; Hemocytes; Mytilus edulis; Sample ID; Species; Time in weeks; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 65 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Increasing concentration of biologically active pharmaceutical compounds can affect marine organisms. The bioavailability and environmental stability of these compounds make them potential threat to these organisms, specially the sessile organisms. We have examined the effects of atorvastatin, a globally prescribed drug, on the blue mussels - Mytilus edulis. This data set presents the depletion of atorvastatin (ATO) in 18, 25, and 36 L holding tank of blue mussels over 48 h time period.
    Keywords: Atorvastatin; Comment; Date/time end; Date/time start; Mytilus edulis; Sample ID; Treatment; Volume, tank
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 379 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Increasing concentration of biologically active pharmaceutical compounds can affect marine organisms. The bioavailability and environmental stability of these compounds make them potential threat to these organisms, specially the sessile organisms. We have examined the effects of atorvastatin, a globally prescribed drug, on the blue mussels – Mytilus edulis. In this data set, we presents the effect of atorvastatin (ATO) on detoxification of Mytilus edulis.
    Keywords: Atorvastatin; Comment; Diffusion efflux rate; Mytilus edulis; Mytilus edulis, mass; P-glycoprotein activity; PgP; Rhodamine B efflux rate; Sample ID; Species; Time in weeks; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 143 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-01-30
    Description: Increasing concentration of biologically active pharmaceutical compounds can affect marine organisms. The bioavailability and environmental stability of these compounds make them potential threat to these organisms, specially the sessile organisms. We have examined the effects of atorvastatin, a globally prescribed drug, on the blue mussels – Mytilus edulis. In this data set, we presents the effect of atorvastatin (ATO) on the membrane properties, detoxification and biotransformation enzyme activities of Mytilus edulis.
    Keywords: Atorvastatin; Hemocytes, total; Mytilus edulis; neutral red retension; Neutral red retention; Sample ID; Species; Time in weeks; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 90 data points
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