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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Various modern applications of empirical electron density models need realistic structures of the electron density distribution with smaller scales than the model background. Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs) produce three dimensional and time dependent disturbances of the background ionization. We present a TID model suitable to «modulate» large scale electron density distributions by multiplication. A model TID takes into account the forward tilt of the disturbance wave front, a distinct vertical structure, a fan type horizontal radiation characteristic, geometric dilution and attenuation. More complicated radiation patterns can be constructed by means of superposition. The model TIDs originate from source regions which can be chosen arbitrarily. We show examples for TID modulations of the background model family developed at Trieste and Graz (NeQuick, COSTprof and NeUoG-plas).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionosphere ; electron density models ; Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances ; TID model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1125979 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 251-254 (Oct. 1997), p. 761-768 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two studies were conducted to observe effects of dibutyltin (DBT) and tributyltin (TBT) on larvae of Mytilus edulis for an exposure period of 25 d. Endpoints for evaluation were shell growth and mortality measured at 33 d. Larvae were cultured in a new laboratory assay chamber in a recirculating static test. The control, 2, 20, and 200 μg/l DBT-treated populations had mean shell lengths of 527, 523, 417, and 180 μm, respectively. Survival was 1% for the 200 μg/l DBT-treated population, but ranged from 73 to 83% for controls, 2, and 20 μg/l treatments. The no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 2 μg/l for DBT, while the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) was 20 μg/l. The chronic toxicity value was 6.3 μg/l. In the TBT bioassay, mean shell lengths for the control, 0.006, 0.050, and 0.130 μg/l-treated populations were 565, 437, 385, and 292 μm, respectively. Control survival was 74%, whereas TBT-treated populations survival ranged from 52 to 58%. The NOEC for TBT was 0.006 μg/l TBT and the LOEC was 0.050. A chronic toxicity value of 0.017 μg/l was calculated. The results of this study indicated that the toxicity of DBT was less than that of TBT. It was concluded that shell length was inversely related to exposure level in both DBT and TBT bioassays. In this study, we have observed TBT effects at lower exposure levels in the laboratory than previously reported, and also report the first data for DBT effects on mussel larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 4 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The possible involvement of a suppressor cell mechanism in neonatally induced allograft tolerance was tested in two different mouse-strain combinations. In an H-2 incompatible donor-recipient combination presented by the congeneic strains B10.D2 and B10.D2(M504), adoptive transfer of tolerance with 5 × 107 spleen cells to syngeneic sublethally (400 R) irradiated recipients was successful resulting in a markedly prolonged test graft survival or even take. The result of tests for negative tolerance (which should be susceptible to abolition by means of cells from normally reactive donors) did not indicate that neonatally induced tolerance across the given barrier rested on this principle. The suppressor mechanism seemed to be involved in neonatally induced allograft tolerance also in the other strain combination (B10–40NX).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Fusion Engineering and Design 1 (1984), S. 185-194 
    ISSN: 0920-3796
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) is an important model for identifying plant genes and determining their function. To assist biological investigations and to define chromosome structure, a coordinated effort to sequence the Arabidopsis genome was initiated in late 1996. Here we ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 31 (1988), S. 687-690 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Keywords: Gallium Arsenide ; Monte Carlo ; hot carriers ; hot phonons ; velocity overshoot
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 32 (1989), S. 1229-1233 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Keywords: Boltzmann equations ; Distribution functions ; Hot carriers ; Hot phonons ; Monte Carlo methods ; Numerical methods ; Transport
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Solid State Electronics 32 (1989), S. 1399-1403 
    ISSN: 0038-1101
    Keywords: Boltzmann equation ; cellular automaton ; device simulation ; lattice gas ; semiconductor transport
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were transformed with a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase gene resulting in mannitol accumulation. Experiments were conducted to determine whether mannitol provides salt and/or drought stress protection through osmotic adjustment. Non-stressed transgenic plants were 20–25% smaller than non-stressed, non-transformed (wild-type) plants in both salinity and drought experiments. However, salt stress reduced dry weight in wild-type plants by 44%, but did not reduce the dry weight of transgenic plants. Transgenic plants adjusted osmotically by 0.57 MPa, whereas wild-type plants did not adjust osmotically in response to salt stress. Calculations of solute contribution to osmotic adjustment showed that mannitol contributed only 0-003-0-004 MPa to the 0.2 MPa difference in full turgor osmotic potential (πo) between salt-stressed transgenic and wild-type plants. Assuming a cytoplasmic location for mannitol and that the cytoplasm constituted 5% of the total water volume, mannitol accounted for only 30–40% of the change in πo of the cytoplasm. Inositol, a naturally occurring polyol in tobacco, accumulated in response to salt stress in both transgenic and wild-type plants, and was 3-fold more abundant than mannitol in transgenic plants.Drought stress reduced the leaf relative water content, leaf expansion, and dry weight of transgenic and wild-type plants. However, πo was not significantly reduced by drought stress in transgenic or wild-type plants, despite an increase in non-structural carbohydrates and mannitol in droughted plants. We conclude that (1) mannitol was a relatively minor osmolyte in transgenic tobacco, but may have indirectly enhanced osmotic adjustment and salt tolerance; (2) inositol cannot substitute for mannitol in this role; (3) slower growth of the transgenic plants, and not the presence of mannitol per se, may have been the cause of greater salt tolerance, and (4) mannitol accumulation was enhanced by drought stress but did not affect πo or drought tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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