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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology 32 (1970), S. 203-218 
    ISSN: 0010-406X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 656-657 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We carried out an in situ investigation of GaAs grown by atomic layer epitaxy, using an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system combined with a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth chamber, where Ga(CH3)3 and AsH3 were the source gases. It has been proved that Ga(CH3)n molecules (where n=1 or 2) are decomposed into Ga atoms after being adsorbed on the GaAs surface around 500 °C. This means that the self-limited adsorption of Ga in the atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs can be achieved on the surface where the Ga adsorbate is atomic Ga.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6713-6715 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have carried out the Raman-scattering measurement of (GaAs)n(GaP)n short-period superlattices (n=1–5) prepared by the atomic layer epitaxy technique called pulsed jet epitaxy (PJE). The zone-folding effects on the longitudinal-acoustic (LA) phonon were observed for all the samples. The Raman peak observed for the (GaAs)1(GaP)1 monolayer superlattice has also been tentatively assigned to the scattering from zone-folded LA phonons. If the assignment is correct, this is the first observation of the zone-folded LA phonon in a semiconductor monolayer superlattice. The present results suggest that the growth proceeds atomic layer by atomic layer in PJE.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe the results of the transmission electron microscope study of ordered and modulated structures in InGaP alloy semiconductors grown on (001) GaAs substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, chloride-vapor phase epitaxy, and liquid phase epitaxy. Strong ordering of CuPt-type has been observed in InGaP grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy at 630 °C, which is associated with an abnormality in the photoluminescence peak energy. CuPt-type ordered structures have also been observed in crystals grown by chloride-vapor phase epitaxy, but the degree of ordering is weaker and crystals grown at 576–740 °C exhibit normal photoluminescence peak energies. On the other hand, in crystals grown by liquid phase epitaxy, no ordered structure is found and the crystals exhibit normal photoluminescence peak energies. There is no dependence of modulated structures on the growth method since they are observed in all crystals. These results also lead us the previous conclusion by Kondow and co-workers that the ordered structures are not generated under thermal equilibrium conditions but rather by the diffusion and reconstruction of deposited atoms on the growth surface.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5660-5664 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We studied the self-limiting growth of GaAs using three kinds of Ga-alkyl compounds−trimethylgallium (TMGa), ethyldimethylgallium, and triethylgallium−as atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) sources. Perfect self-limiting behavior was found only for TMGa. The self-limiting mechanism could be explained by the surface site selectivity of the metalorganic molecules in the adsorption, desorption, and decomposition processes. We found that the degree of the site selectivity declined as methyl groups attached to a Ga atom were replaced by ethyl groups. We believe that the TMGa molecule is adsorbed without decomposition in the first step, and then fully decomposed into Ga. Three methyl groups of the adsorbed TMGa play an important role in the site selectivity and make the growth self-limited. We studied the evolution of the chemical state of the TMGa-exposed (001) GaAs surface by changing the length of the interruption following a TMGa pulse. There was no change in the surface chemical conditions and in the degree of self-limiting during the H2 purge after TMGa pulse. These results provide a detailed understanding of the surface chemistry and self-limiting growth involved in ALE.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4037-4043 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: To understand surface reaction dynamics in III–V compound semiconductor growth, we have developed an apparatus to study both surface chemical reactions and epitaxial growth. This apparatus has double supersonic III and V compound molecular beam cells and an analytical chamber with a rotatable differentially pumped liquid-nitrogen-cooled quadrupole mass spectrometer to measure angular and time-of-flight distribution of reflected beams. It also has reflection high-energy electron diffraction to analyze surface structures. Tertiarybutylarsine beam energies of 1.6 eV were obtained for He, 0.22 eV for Ar, and 0.06 eV for Xe seeding. An organometallic molecular beam of translational energy is varied over a wide range, enabling source molecules to be brought to a well-defined epitaxial surface in well-characterized ways. High-purity GaAs layers were grown by alternatively supplying triethylgallium and tertiarybutylarsine molecules to the analytical chamber. Our apparatus bridges the gap of studies between epitaxial growth and surface chemical reactions. Dynamic measurement on the growth surface revealed a number of interesting reactions not ordinarily observed on well-defined surfaces. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1509-1511 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new growth method has been developed for the atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs. The gas system was based on a conventional metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial system but the decomposition of methylgallium was suppressed in the stagnant layer by using a fast pulsed gas stream from a jet nozzle. The method enabled us to grow high purity epitaxial layers with a clear self-limiting mechanism even at 560 °C. The variations in the growth rate with respect to various growth parameters were explained by the rate equations based on the selective adsorption of methylgallium on surface As atoms. The decomposition rate of methylgallium on the surface had an activation energy of 42 kcal/mole from 440 to 560 °C.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 827-829 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) of GaP was performed for the first time in a low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE) reactor using trimethylgallium (TMG) and phosphine (PH3) as sources. Growth was self-limiting for the exposure time of each reactant. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were carried out to identify the adsorbates on the growth surface. There were no methyl groups on the surface Ga and the self-limiting mechanism is due to the selective adsorption of TMG by the surface P atoms. When the substrate was exposed to a sufficient TMG flow after a submonolayer Ga was deposited by triethylgallium (TEG), growth was still self-limiting. This supports the selective adsorption model.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 41 (1972), S. 391-407 
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Keywords: Gustatory cell ; Rattus norvegicus ; intracellular recording ; rat fungiform papilla ; receptor potential ; response to four taste stimuli ; taste sensitivity distribution ; taste stimulus interaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Applied Surface Science 82-83 (1994), S. 46-56 
    ISSN: 0169-4332
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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