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  • 1
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    Seawater carbonate chemistry and calcification in Caribbean reef-building corals (2018)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Projected increases in ocean pCO2 levels are anticipated to affect calcifying organisms more rapidly and to a greater extent than other marine organisms. The effects of ocean acidification (OA) have been documented in numerous species of corals in laboratory studies, largely tested using flow-through exposure systems. We developed a recirculating ocean acidification exposure system that allows precise pCO2 control using a combination of off-gassing measures including aeration, water retention devices, venturi injectors, and CO2 scrubbing. We evaluated the recirculating system performance in off-gassing effectiveness and maintenance of target pCO2 levels over an 84-day experiment. The system was used to identify changes in calcification and tissue growth in response to elevated pCO2 (1000 μatm) in three reef-building corals of the Caribbean: Pseudodiploria clivosa, Montastraea cavernosa, and Orbicella faveolata. All three species displayed an overall increase in net calcification over the 84-day exposure period regardless of pCO2 level (control + 0.28–1.12 g, elevated pCO2 + 0.18–1.16 g), and the system was effective at both off-gassing acidified water to ambient pCO2 levels, and maintaining target elevated pCO2 levels over the 3-month experiment.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Area; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Buoyant mass; Calcification/Dissolution; Calcification rate of calcium carbonate; Calcite saturation state; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Change; Cnidaria; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or 〈 1 m**2); Day of experiment; Experiment duration; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Montastraea cavernosa; North Atlantic; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Orbicella faveolata; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); pH; pH, standard deviation; Pseudodiploria clivosa; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time point, descriptive; Tissue, surface area density; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 9480 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Aerosol-ice interactions in Southern ocean clouds (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: While biases in simulated Southern Ocean (SO) shortwave radiative fluxes have improved in CMIP6 compared to CMIP5 models, there are remaining concerns regarding SO mixed phase clouds due to their important role in the climate system. Recent modeling studies come to opposing conclusions as to whether ice nucleation (IN) has a strong impact on SO shortwave cloud forcing. This study aims to investigate these conflicting findings using modeling and observations.In this work, we have implemented a deterministic immersion freezing ice nucleating particle (INP) scheme that includes contributions from mineral dust and marine sources into the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2). This deterministic INP scheme replicates SO INP observations in the marine boundary layer with important sensitivities to modeled dust aerosol aloft. Simulated top-of-atmosphere cloud properties were minimally influenced by changes to the INP scheme. We investigated contributions of simulated cloud microphysical processes to the mass and number budgets in SO cloud regimes in the CESM2. Cloud regimes are identified based on cloud optical depth and altitude from satellite observations and simulated clouds sampled using the CFMIP Observation Simulator Package (COSP). This cloud regime clustering analysis allows for an assessment of cloud aerosol-ice processes in specific cloud regimes in CESM2. Results from these model experiments and analyses reveal the extent to which INPs control ice formation in specific cloud regimes in CESM2 and will be discussed in the context of recent SO field campaign observations.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 3
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    Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter (2020)
    WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Ecology, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, ISSN: 0022-0477
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: 1. Plant diversity is an important driver of belowground ecosystem functions, such as root growth, soil organic matter (SOM) storage, and microbial metabolism, mainly by influencing the interactions between plant roots and soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most mobile form of SOM, plays a crucial role for a multitude of soil processes that are central for ecosystem functioning. Thus, DOM is likely to be an important mediator of plant diversity effects on soil processes. However, the relationships between plant diversity and DOM have not been studied so far. 2. We investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on concentrations of DOM using continuous soil water sampling across 6 years and 62 plant communities in a long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. Furthermore, we investigated plant diversity effects on the molecular properties of DOM in a subset of the samples. 3. Although DOM concentrations were highly variable over the course of the year with highest concentrations in summer and autumn, we found that DOM concentrations consistently increased with plant diversity across seasons. The positive plant diversity effect on DOM concentrations was mainly mediated by increased microbial activity and newly sequestered carbon in topsoil. However, the effect of soil microbial activity on DOM concentrations differed between seasons, indicating DOM consumption in winter and spring, and DOM production in summer and autumn. Furthermore, we found increased contents of small and easily decomposable DOM molecules reaching deeper soil layers with high plant diversity. 4. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances the continuous downward transport of DOM in multiple ways. On the one hand, higher plant diversity results in higher DOM concentrations, on the other hand, this DOM is less degraded. The present study indicates, for the first time, that higher plant diversity enhances the downward transport of dissolved molecules that likely stimulate soil development in deeper layers and therefore increase soil fertility.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
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    Marine Fisheries Stock Assessment Improvement Plan: report of the National Marine Fisheries Service National Task Force for Improving Fish Stock Assessments (2021)
    NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14566 | 403 | 2014-02-20 18:26:54 | 14566 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: This report argues for greatly increased resources in terms of data collection facilities and staff to collect, process, and analyze the data, and to communicate the results, in order for NMFS to fulfill its mandate to conserve and manage marine resources. In fact, the authors of this report had great difficulty defining the "ideal" situation to which fisheries stock assessments and management should aspire. One of the primary objectives of fisheries management is to develop sustainable harvest policies that minimize the risks of overfishing both target species and associated species. This can be achieved in a wide spectrum of ways, ranging between the following two extremes. The first is to implement only simple management measures with correspondingly simple assessment demands, which will usually mean setting fishing mortality targets at relatively low levels in order to reduce the risk of unknowingly overfishing or driving ecosystems towards undesirable system states. The second is to expand existingdata collection and analysis programs to provide an adequateknowledge base that can support higher fishing mortality targets while still ensuring low risk to target and associated species and ecosystems. However, defining "adequate" is difficult, especially when scientists have not even identified all marine species, and information on catches, abundances, and life histories of many target species, and most associated species, is sparse. Increasing calls from the public, stakeholders, and the scientific community to implement ecosystem-based stock assessment and management make it even more difficult to define "adequate," especially when "ecosystem-based management" is itself not well-defined. In attempting to describe the data collection and assessment needs for the latter, the authors took a pragmatic approach, rather than trying to estimate the resources required to develop a knowledge base about the fine-scale detailed distributions, abundances, and associations of all marine species. Thus, the specified resource requirements will not meet the expectations of some stakeholders. In addition, the Stock Assessment Improvement Plan is designed to be complementary to other related plans, and therefore does not duplicate the resource requirements detailed in those plans, except as otherwise noted.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 140
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  • 5
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    NMFS / Interagency Working Group Evaluation of CITES Criteria and Guidelines. (2021)
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8954 | 403 | 2012-07-02 15:05:17 | 8954 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: At present, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) criteria used to assess whether a population qualifies for inclusion in the CITES Appendices relate to (A) size of the population, (B) area of distribution of the population, and (C) declines in the size of the population. Numeric guidelines are provided as indicators of a small population (less than 5,000 individuals), a small subpopulation (less than 500 individuals), a restricted area of distribution for a population (less than 10,000 km2), a restricted area of distribution for a subpopula-tion (less than 500 km2), a high rate of decline (a decrease of 50% or more in total within 5 years or two generations whichever is longer or, for a small wild population, a decline of 20% or more in total within ten years or three generations whichever is longer), large fluctuations (population size or area of distribution varies widely, rapidly and frequently, with a variation greater than one order of magnitude), and a short-term fluctuation (one of two years or less).The Working Group discussed several broad issues of relevance to the CITES criteria and guidelines. These included the importance of the historical extent of decline versus the recent rate of decline; the utility and validity of incorporating relative population productivity into decline criteria; the utility of absolute numbers for defining small populations or small areas; the appropriateness of generation times as time frames for examining declines; the importance of the magnitude and frequency of fluctuations as factors affecting risk of extinction; and the overall utility of numeric thresh-olds or guidelines.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 70
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  • 6
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    South-North dialogue on equity in the greenhouse : a proposal for an adequate and equitable global climate agreement (2004)
    Eschborn : Dt. Ges. für Techn. Zusammenarbeit | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:320
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 7
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    Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate (2021)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Seltzer, A. M., Bekaert, D. V., Barry, P. H., Durkin, K. E., Mace, E. K., Aalseth, C. E., Zappala, J. C., Mueller, P., Jurgens, B., & Kulongoski, J. T. Groundwater residence time estimates obscured by anthropogenic carbonate. Science Advances, 7(17), (2021): eabf3503, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf3503.
    Description: Groundwater is an important source of drinking and irrigation water. Dating groundwater informs its vulnerability to contamination and aids in calibrating flow models. Here, we report measurements of multiple age tracers (14C, 3H, 39Ar, and 85Kr) and parameters relevant to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from 17 wells in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV), an agricultural region that is heavily reliant on groundwater. We find evidence for a major mid-20th century shift in groundwater DIC input from mostly closed- to mostly open-system carbonate dissolution, which we suggest is driven by input of anthropogenic carbonate soil amendments. Crucially, enhanced open-system dissolution, in which DIC equilibrates with soil CO2, fundamentally affects the initial 14C activity of recently recharged groundwater. Conventional 14C dating of deeper SJV groundwater, assuming an open system, substantially overestimates residence time and thereby underestimates susceptibility to modern contamination. Because carbonate soil amendments are ubiquitous, other groundwater-reliant agricultural regions may be similarly affected.
    Description: his work was conducted as a part of the USGS National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) Enhanced Trends Project (https://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studies/gwtrends/). Measurements at Argonne National Laboratory were supported by Department of Energy, Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Measurements at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory were part of the Ultra-Sensitive Nuclear Measurements Initiative conducted under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. PNNL is operated by Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This work was also partially supported by NSF award OCE-1923915 (to A.M.S. and P.H.B. at WHOI).
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Article
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decacarbonylnitrosyltriosmate(3 Os-Os)(1-): structural analysis and fluxional properties (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 23 (1984), S. 1600-1603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00179a029
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Additions and Corrections - Decarbonyl-nitrosyltriosmate(3 OS-OS): Structural Analysis and Fluxional Properties. (1984)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 23 (1984), S. 2728-2728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00185a603
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5' Domain and nucleotide sequence of an adult chicken chromosomal .beta.-globin gene (1981)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 20 (1981), S. 2091-2098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00511a005
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