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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quest for ecologically based pest management systems (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Agroecosystems ; Integrated pest management (IPM) ; Holistic approaches ; Ecosystem-oriented pest management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The article presents a holistic approach to studying and applying crop protection in agricultural systems A theoretical framework of integrated pest management (IPM) is presented that allows an understanding of pest population processes on a whole-agroecological-system basis The need for and emergence of holistic research on agroecosystems is discussed, as are the current trends in ecological theory and pest management
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Impact of Plastic Materials on Iron Levels in Village Groundwater Supplied in Malawi (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Iron is not normally considered to be a constituent of health significance, and recommended limits for iron in drinking water supplies are based on aesthetic considerations. Experience in Malawi has demonstrated that, even when present in only trace amounts, iron can influence the consumer's acceptance of an improved borehole supply. The effect of the use of plastic construction materials on the iron content of village groundwater supplies was investigated using a statistical approach. The majority of groundwater points using only plastic materials was found to supply water containing less than the WHO guideline value of 0.3 mg/l iron. In contrast, the use of ferrous-materials increased the iron content of the water to unacceptable levels, sometimes causing the consumers to reject the borehole as a source of drinking water.Bacteriological data show that the quality of the alternative, traditional supply is far inferior to the new improved supply. An otherwise perfectly safe supply may therefore be abandoned as a direct result of contamination introduced by ‘down the hole’ components. This frustrates efforts to improve the well-being of rural communities, and is a waste of precious development resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01369.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wiltshireite: a New Mineral (1910)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 84 (1910), S. 203-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE dolomite quarry near Binn (Valais) affords such a large variety of grey sulpharsenites, mainly of lead and copper, that a new one is received with much hesitation; but a crystal recently obtained at Binn gives results which leave little doubt as to its independent character. The specimen ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/084203a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of color-, shape- and pattern-learning by the hymenopteran parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Visual discrimination ; Hymenopteran parasitoid ; Host finding ; Learning predisposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visual learning by the larval parasitoid, Microplitis croceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was investigated in flight chamber studies. During conditioning, free-ranging parasitoids were given a choice between two visual alternatives, only one of which offered a host larva. By using alternatives that differed in either color, shape or pattern, parasitoids could be conditioned to distinguish host sites on the basis of each of these visual cues. Tests during which no reward was offered were conducted following six rewards (ovipositions) at one of the two alternative stimuli. The test results reveal that M. croceipes learned to distinguish between shapes more readily than between colors or patterns. This high rate of shape learning in this parasitoid is in strong contrast to the learning capacity of honey bees, which have been shown to learn color better than pattern and pattern better than shapes. It is argued that the difference in learning capacities between M. croceipes and the honey bee may reflect the different selection pressures imposed on these two species by their natural ecological needs. The high rate of shape learning in  M. croceipes may be adaptive in dealing with the homochromatic but multishaped environment in which parasitoids have to locate their herbivorous hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050337
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host detection by chemically mediated associative learning in a parasitic wasp (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] When females of M. croceipes are presented with fresh faeces or the water extract of faeces (Fig. 1) on filter paper, they immediately rub the material with their antennae and sometimes probe it with their abdomens. This intense examination continues for several minutes unless interrupted. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331257a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 570-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In response to insect herbivory, plants synthesize and emit blends of volatile compounds from their damaged and undamaged tissues, which act as important host-location cues for parasitic insects. Here we use chemical and behavioural assays to show that these plant emissions can transmit ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/31219
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of learned odours by a parasitic wasp in accordance with host and food needs (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 348 (1990), S. 635-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Females of M. croceipes fed on wildflower honey subsequently flew up-wind to the odour of honey, whereas naive females and females fed a pure aqueous sucrose solution both responded much more weakly (Fig. 1). To determine whether this oriented response to food was learned, female wasps were ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348635a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical environment manipulation for pest insects control (1983)
    Springer
    Environmental management 7 (1983), S. 35-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Pest control ; Pest pheromones ; Pest habitat management ; Semiochemicals ; Natural enemy enhancement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The chemical environment of pest species may be considered a habitat susceptible to management Management may be by means of manipulation of the environment of the pest for population suppression or for enhancement of natural enemies Examples of each are reviewed here Chemical stimuli influencing the behavior of phytophagous insects include host plant originated stimuli and pheromones The latter, especially sex pheromones, have proved most successful as tools for manipulation of pest population dynamics Factors influencing search behavior of natural enemies include habitat characteristics such as crop, associated plants and plant assemblages, host plant characteristics, influence of associated organisms, and characteristics of the searching entomophage Recent studies have shown potential for simultaneous management of a pest species and enhancement of natural enemies using pest pheromones
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01867039
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritable differences in the response of the braconid waspMicroplitis croceipes to volatile allelochemicals (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 3 (1990), S. 277-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoid behavior ; heritable traits ; Microplitis croceipes ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; allelochemical ; flight response ; host location
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The heritable nature of differential responses by Microplitis croceipes(Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to airborne allelochemicals was investigated. Four isofemale lines were tested for three generations in a flight tunnel. Flight response was found to be strongly dependent on the familial origin, with two highly responsive lines being clearly differentiated from two less responsive ones. Each isofemale line could also be recognized by typical behaviors that suggested that M. croceipesfemales may inherit independent characters of sensory acuity to plant and to host chemicals and of learning ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01052110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of previously searched, host-free sites byMicroplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoid ; frass ; site discrimination ; foraging ; olfactory ; visual ; Microplitis croceipes ; Helicoverpa zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ability of free- ranging parasitoids to discriminate between previously visited and unvisited sites containing host kairomone (caterpillar frass) but not hosts was tested. Females of Microplitis croceipes,a host specialist and plant generalist larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa (Heliothis) zea,were allowed to fly freely in a simulated plant patch in a flight chamber. Wasps spent less time searching frass sites previously searched by themselves or by conspecifics than unsearched frass sites. In addition to chemical marking, spatial memory of visual cues was implicated as a mechanism for discriminating against self-visited, host-free sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048113
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