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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 6 (1998), S. 50-65 
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Keywords: Key words isotopes ; Israel ; arid regions ; groundwater recharge ; rainfall/runoff
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les variations temporelles, en zone aride, de la composition isotopique des précipitations et du ruissellement associé ont étéétudiées dans un petit bassin rocheux aride en Israël. Des préleveurs spécialement adaptés pour la pluie et le ruissellement ont fourni des échantillons séquentiels dans des sacs en PVC haute densité hermétiquement fermés. Au cours de plusieurs épisodes pluvieux où le ruissellement était isotopiquement appauvri par rapport à la pluie, la différence ne pouvait pas être expliquée par des effets de fractionnement intervenant au cours de l'écoulement en surface. Un bilan hydrologique rapportant l'écoulement de surface à la pluie sur un bassin versant rocheux montre que l'écoulement dans sa totalité est alimenté par une très petite partie (1–2 mm) de l'averse. C'est pourquoi l'objectif essentiel a été de rechercher des relations quantitatives entre des parties de la pluie (averses et épisodes pluvieux) et le ruissellement. La répartition temporelle de la composition en isotopes stables (oxygène et hydrogène) a été utilisée pour quantifier la corrélation entre la hauteur tombée pendant l'épisode pluvieux et le ruissellement produit. Le but de ce travail était (a) d'utiliser les variations dynamiques de la composition isotopique dans la pluie et dans le ruissellement pour modéliser l'ordre de grandeur de la capacité de stockage de surface associée aux processus de ruissellement de l'écoulement de surface, et (a) de caractériser la composition isotopique de l'eau d'infiltration par rapport à la variation isotopique observée dans les pluies et dans les écoulements correspondants.
    Abstract: Resumen La distribución temporal de la composición isotópica de las tormentas en zonas áridas y la correspondiente escorrentía se analizó en una pequeña cuenca rocosa en Israel. Los medidores de lluvia y escorrentía proporcionaron muestras de agua secuenciales, selladas herméticamente en bolsas de PVC de alta densidad. En muchas tormentas en las que la escorrentía tenía una composición isotópica distinta de la lluvia, la diferencia no podía explicarse por efectos de fraccionamiento isotópico. Un balance de agua relacionando los términos de lluvia y escorrentía en una cuenca rocosa mostraron que la totalidad de la descarga se produce por un segmento muy pequeño de la lluvia (1–2 mm). El principal objetivo, por tanto, era proporcionar relaciones cuantitativas entre los distintos segmentos de la lluvia (tormentas aisladas y periodos lluviosos) y la escorrentía, para lo cual se utilizó la distribución temporal de la composición de los isótopos estables (oxígeno e hidrógeno). El objetivo del estudio era (a) utilizar las variaciones dinámicas en la composición isotópica de lluvia y escorrentía para modelar la magnitud de la capacidad de almacenamiento en superficie asociada con los procesos de escorrentía, y (b) caracterizar la composición isotópica del agua de percolación respecto a la correspondientes a lluvia y escorrentía.
    Notes: Abstract  Temporal distributions of the isotopic composition in arid rain storms and in the associated runoff were investigated in a small arid rocky basin in Israel. Customized rain and runoff samplers provided sequential water samples hermetically sealed in high-density PVC bags. In several storms where the runoff was isotopically depleted, compared with the rainfall, the difference could not be explained by fractionation effects occurring during overland flow. A water-balance study relating the runoff discharge to rainfall over a rocky watershed showed that the entire discharge is produced by a very small segment (1–2 mm) of the rain storm. The major objective, therefore, was to provide quantitative relations between segments of rainfall (rain showers and rain spells) and runoff. The time distribution of the composition of stable isotopes (oxygen and hydrogen) was used to quantify the correlation between the rain spell's amount and the consequent runoff. The aim of this work was to (a) utilize the dynamic variations in the isotopic composition in rainfall and runoff and model the magnitude of surface-storage capacity associated with runoff processes of overland flow, and (b) characterize the isotopic composition of the percolating water with respect to the isotopic distribution in rainfall and runoff events. The conceptual model postulates an isotopic mixing of overland flow with water within the depression storage. A transport model was then formulated in order to estimate the physical watershed parameters that control the development of overland flow from a certain rainfall period. Part I (this paper) presents the results and the assessment of the relative depression storage obtained from oxygen-18 and deuterium analyses that lead to the physical and mathematical formulation of a double-component model of kinematic-wave flow and transport, which is presented in Part II (accompanying paper).
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 278 (1979), S. 441-443 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A combined coastal and offshore survey in the Strait of Malacca between Port Dickson and Singapore yielded 33 reli-able 14C ages obtained from autochthonous organic material such as peat and roots (Table 1). In the coastal region, samples were collected by hand augers which could penetrate up to 18 ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 58 (1971), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 288: 99-109.
    Publication Date: 2008-02-19
    Description: The Thar Desert of Pakistan stretches along the border to India and is one of the most densely populated deserts in the world. Brackish to saline groundwater prevails. A locally restricted fresh groundwater resource was discovered by a comprehensive hydrogeological, geophysical, and isotope hydrological survey conducted from 1986 to 1991. The origin, recharge mechanism and age of the fresh groundwater resource were assessed. There is only fossil groundwater and this must be mined. Sodium is the predominant cation. Present groundwater recharge is absent or extremely low as the annual precipitation rate and the potential evapotranspiration rate amount to less than 200 mm/a and about 2700 mm/a, respectively. The investigations comprised a hydrogeological well inventory, electrical resistivity transects on the ground and an air-borne electromagnetic survey, followed by a test-hole drilling programme combined with geophysical borehole logging, aquifer testing, and groundwater sampling for both chemical and environmental isotope analyses. The results of this study delivered a hydrogeological concept on the origin and recharge of the fresh groundwater body. We found that the fresh groundwater was indirectly recharged during flash floods in low lands during the last pluvial period rather than directly replenished in the high mountain areas far in the east.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1998-06-22
    Print ISSN: 1431-2174
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0157
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1989-01-01
    Description: Groundwater of the Jakarta Basin aquifer is heavily exploited for drinking water. As a result, the piezometric head has dropped dramatically. Extensive hydrogeologic and numeric model studies have been made to find a reliable basis for managing available groundwater resources. Environmental carbon (14C, 13C) and other isotope analyses (18O, 2H, 3H) were made. Two sampling strategies were employed, which show that using well-defined and representative sampling sites, no matter how few, is the only way to obtain reliable geoscientific information. Large quantities of data from randomly distributed samples of uncertain origin is not recommended.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1967-01-01
    Description: This date list contains a selection of C14 dates of geological samples obtained from March 1963 until July 1966. The preceding date lists (Hannover I, III, IV) give a description of preparation and measuring methods.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1967-01-01
    Description: This date list covers a selection of C14 results of archaeologic, hydrologic and speleologic samples that have been investigated in the period from March 1963 until July 1966. Dates of geologic samples will be presented in the following list.
    Print ISSN: 0033-8222
    Electronic ISSN: 1945-5755
    Topics: Archaeology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
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