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  • 1
    Keywords: structural geology
    Description / Table of Contents: Celebrating 50 years since the publication of Folding and Fracturing of Rocks by J. G. Ramsay / Clare E. Bond and Hermann D. Lebit / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 1-6, 30 July 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487-2019-67 --- Folding and Fracturing of Rocks: the birth of modern structural geology / Susan H. Treagus and Peter J. Hudleston / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 7-9, 16 October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.2 --- Measuring the research impact of the book Folding and Fracturing of Rocks by John G. Ramsay / Richard J. Lisle, Fernando Bastida and Jesús Aller / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 11-20, 4 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.8 --- Fold–thrust structures – where have all the buckles gone? / Robert W. H. Butler, Clare E. Bond, Mark A. Cooper and Hannah Watkins / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 21-44, 20 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.7 --- The importance of interfacial instability for viscous folding in mechanically heterogeneous layers / Evangelos Moulas and Stefan M. Schmalholz / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 45-58, 18 December 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.10 --- The influence of layer-interface geometry on single-layer folding / Albert Griera, Enrique Gomez-Rivas and Maria-Gema Llorens / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 59-79, 1 November 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.4 --- Folding during soft-sediment deformation / G. I. Alsop, R. Weinberger, S. Marco and T. Levi / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 81-104, 4 February 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.1 --- Broadhaven revisited: a new look at models of fault–fold interaction / A. J. Cawood and C. E. Bond / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 105-126, 16 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.11 --- Syntectonic quartz vein evolution during progressive deformation / Geoffrey E. Lloyd / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 127-151, 19 October 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.3 --- Rheological information determined from cleavage refraction in naturally deformed interlayered quartzites and phyllites / Dyanna M. Czeck, Jolene T. Traut and Peter J. Hudleston / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 153-170, 19 March 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487-2018-49 --- Determining finite strain: how far have we progressed? / Dave McCarthy, Patrick Meere and Kieran Mulchrone / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 171-187, 21 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487-2018-62 --- Structure and internal deformation of thrust sheets in the Sawtooth Range, Montana: insights from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility / Dave J. McCarthy, Patrick A. Meere and Michael S. Petronis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 189-208, 30 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.6 --- Fracture distribution on the Swift Reservoir Anticline, Montana: Implications for structural and lithological controls on fracture intensity / Hannah Watkins, Clare E. Bond, Adam J. Cawood, Mark A. Cooper and Marian J. Warren / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 209-228, 16 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.9 --- Fracture patterns associated with the evolution of the Teton anticline, Sawtooth Range, Montana, USA / C. M. Burberry, D. L. Cannon, J. W. Cosgrove and T. Engelder / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 229-261, 31 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.12 --- Modelling oblique inversion of pre-existing grabens / Hongling Deng, Hemin A. Koyi and Jinjiang Zhang / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 263-290, 22 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.5 --- 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology in the Ios basement terrane resolves the tectonic significance of the South Cyclades Shear Zone / Marnie Forster, Oleg Koudashev, Ruoran Nie, Sonia Yeung and Gordon Lister / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 291-313, 23 May 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487-2018-169 --- Structural interpretation of gravity, topography and seismicity / Regan L. Patton and A. John Watkinson / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 487, 315-343, 22 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP487.13
    Pages: Online-Ressource (351 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781786204295
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Although the role of extensional tectonics in the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic terranes is widely established, the kinematics of such deformation remains ambiguous. This paper outlines new field data from the Attic-Cycladic blueschist belt that suggest that distributed ductile strain plays a significant role in the extension and that, consequently, the role of major detachment faults may have been over-emphasized in previous studies. The high-pressure blueschist terrane (Ermoupolis Unit) of Syros shows abundant evidence of subhorizontal extension, manifest as layer boudinage and ductile thinning without the development of significant internal detachments. The deformation approximates to pure shear stretching that was heterogeneously distributed in space and time. Minor zones of asymmetric shear are interpreted not as through-going extensional shear zones but as structures that maintain compatibility between zones of differential stretching. The progression of deformation is charted through the systematic development of increasingly lower-pressure metamorphic assemblages. However, most of the decompression (potentially from 20 kbar to 6 kbar) occurred within the blueschist stability field, as the rocks were actively extending. Heterogeneous retrogression and concomitant deformation are believed to relate to the local chemistry and availability of hydrous fluids.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-11-30
    Description: Interpreters of reflection seismic data generally use images to disseminate the outcomes of their geologic interpretation work. The presentation of such interpretation images can generate unwanted biases in the perception of the observers, an effect known as “framing bias.” These framing biases can enhance or reduce the confidence of the observer in the presented interpretation, independently of the quality of the seismic data or the geologic interpretation. We have tested the effect of presentation on confidence in interpretation of 761 participants of an online experiment. Experiment participants were presented with seismic images and interpretations, deliberately modified in different aspects to introduce potential framing biases. Statistical analysis of the results indicates that the image presentation had a subdued effect on participants’ confidence compared with the quality of the seismic data and interpretation. The results allow us to propose recommendations to minimize biases in the observers related to the presentation of seismic interpretations: (1) interpretations should be shown with the seismic data in the background to ease comparison between the uninterpreted-interpreted data and the subsequent confidence assessments; (2) seismic data displayed in color aids in the interpretation, although the color palettes must be carefully chosen to prevent unwanted bias from common color spectrum in the observers; and (3) explicit indication of uncertainty by the interpreters in their own interpretation, which was deemed useful by the participants.
    Print ISSN: 2324-8858
    Electronic ISSN: 2324-8866
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-04-24
    Electronic ISSN: 1553-040X
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-05-15
    Description: In the geosciences, data are acquired, processed, analysed, modelled and interpreted in order to generate knowledge. Such a complex procedure is affected by uncertainties related to the objective (e.g. the data, technologies and techniques employed) as well as the subjective (knowledge, skills and biases of the geoscientist) aspects of the knowledge generation workflow. Unlike in other scientific disciplines, uncertainty and its impact on the validity of geoscientific outputs have often been overlooked or only discussed superficially. However, for geological outputs to provide meaningful insights, the uncertainties, errors and assumptions made throughout the data acquisition, processing, modelling and interpretation procedures need to be carefully considered. This special issue illustrates and brings attention to why and how uncertainty handling (i.e. analysis, mitigation and communication) is a critical aspect within the geosciences. In this introductory paper, we (1) outline the terminology and describe the relationships between a number of descriptors often used to characterise and classify uncertainty and error, (2) present the collection of research papers that together form the special issue, the idea for which stems from a 2018 European Geosciences Union's General Assembly session entitled “Understanding the unknowns: recognition, quantification, influence and minimisation of uncertainty in the geosciences”, and (3) discuss the limitations of the “traditional” treatment of uncertainty in the geosciences. “The efforts of many researchers have already cast much darkness on the subject, and it is likely that, if they continue, we will soon know nothing about it at all.” – Mark Twain
    Print ISSN: 1869-9510
    Electronic ISSN: 1869-9529
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0012-821X
    Electronic ISSN: 1385-013X
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: Petroleum-rich basins at a mature stage of exploration and production offer many opportunities for large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) since oil and gas were demonstrably contained by low-permeability top-sealing rocks, such as shales. For CCS to work, there must be effectively no leakage from the injection site, so the nature of the top-seal is an important aspect for consideration when appraising prospective CCS opportunities. The Lower Cretaceous Rodby Shale and the Palaeocene Lista Shale have acted as seals to oil and gas accumulations (e.g., the Atlantic and Balmoral fields) and may now play a critical role in sealing the Acorn and East Mey subsurface carbon storage sites. The characteristics of these important shales have been little addressed in the hydrocarbon extraction phase, with an understandable focus on reservoir properties and their influence on resource recovery rates. Here, we assess the characteristics of the Rodby and Lista Shales using wireline logs, geomechanical tests, special core analysis (mercury intrusion) and mineralogical and petrographic techniques, with the aim of highlighting key properties that identify them as suitable top-seals. The two shales, defined using the relative gamma log values (or Vshale), have similar mean pore throat radius (approximately 18 nm), splitting tensile strength (approximately 2.5 MPa) and anisotropic values of splitting tensile strength, but they display significant differences in terms of wireline log character, porosity and mineralogy. The Lower Cretaceous Rodby Shale has a mean porosity of approximately 14 %, a mean permeability of 263 nD (2.58 × 10−19 m2), and is calcite rich and has clay minerals that are relatively rich in non-radioactive phases such as kaolinite. The Palaeocene Lista Shale has a mean porosity of approximately 16% a mean permeability of 225 nD (2.21 × 10−19 m2), and is calcite free, but contains abundant quartz silt and is dominated by smectite. The 2% difference in porosity does not seem to equate to a significant difference in permeability. Elastic properties derived from wireline log data show that Young’s modulus, material stiffness, is very low (5 GPa) for the most shale (clay mineral)-rich Rodby intervals, with Young’s modulus increasing as shale content decreases and as cementation (e.g., calcite) increases. Our work has shown that Young’s modulus, which can be used to inform the likeliness of tensile failure, may be predictable based on routine gamma, density and compressive sonic logs in the majority of wells where the less common shear logs were not collected. The predictability of Young’s modulus from routine well log data could form a valuable element of CCS-site top-seal appraisals. This study has shown that the Rodby and Lista Shales represent good top-seals to the Acorn and East Mey CCS sites and they can hold CO2 column heights of approximately 380 m. The calcite-rich Rodby Shale may be susceptible to localised carbonate dissolution and increasing porosity and permeability but decreasing tendency to develop fracture permeability in the presence of injected CO2, as brittle calcite dissolves. In contrast, the calcite-free, locally quartz-rich, Lista Shale will be geochemically inert to injected CO2 but retain its innate tendency to develop fracture permeability (where quartz rich) in the presence of injected CO2.
    Electronic ISSN: 2075-163X
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 1750-5836
    Electronic ISSN: 1878-0148
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2018-09-27
    Description: Thrust zones in a deep-water fold-thrust belt, offshore northwestern Borneo, display prominent reflections that can be mapped through a three-dimensional seismic volume. Unlike fault-plane reflections obtained from thrusts in other systems, these have positive polarity. Well data show that the reflections in the Borneo data set originate from fault-bound sandstone slices, with porosity-occluding calcite cement, entrained along the thrust zone. The thrust zone can support elevated fluid pressures beneath the fault with the cemented sandstones. Multiple sandstone slices indicate complex patterns of thrust zone localization, perhaps a common feature for deformation in sedimentary multilayers typical of many deep-water depositional successions.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
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