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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term responses of plants and invertebrates to experimental small-scale grassland fragmentation (2000)
    Springer
    Oecologia 125 (2000), S. 559-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Biodiversity Calcareous grassland Habitat fragmentation Species richness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The fragmentation of natural habitats is generally considered to be a major threat to biodiversity. We investigated short-term responses of vascular plants (grasses and forbs) and four groups of invertebrates (ants, butterflies, grasshoppers and gastropods) to experimental fragmentation of calcareous grassland in the north-western Jura mountains, Switzerland. Three years after the initiation of fragmentation – which was created and maintained by mowing the area between the fragments – we compared species richness, diversity and composition of the different groups and the abundance of single species in fragments of different size (area: 20.25 m2, 2.25 m2 and 0.25 m2) with those in corresponding control plots. The abundances of 19 (29%) of the 65 common species examined were affected by fragmentation. However, the experimental fragmentation affected different taxonomic groups and single species to a different extent. Butterflies, the most mobile animals among the invertebrates studied, reacted most sensitively: species richness and foraging abundances of single butterfly species were lower in fragments than in control plots. Of the few other taxonomic groups or single species that were affected by the experimental fragmentation, most had a higher species richness or abundance in fragments than in control plots. This is probably because the type of fragmentation used is beneficial to some plants via decreased competition intensity along the fragment edges, and because some animals may use fragments as retreats between foraging bouts into the mown isolation area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420000483
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proximate factors influencing egg cannibalism in the land snail Arianta arbustorum (Pulmonata, Helicidae) (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Arianta ; Pulmonata ; Egg cannibalism ; Oophagy ; Climate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Factors affecting oophagy among siblings in the land snail Arianta arbustorum were studied in 3 populations from different altitudes in Switzerland. The degree of egg cannibalism in A. arbustorum is a function of hatching asynchrony since the earliest hatched snails will devour the unhatched eggs in the same clutch. Clutch size, egg density and amount of vegetable food available to newly hatched snails did not affect the degree of cannibalism. Snails from 3 populations were similar in terms of incubation time and intrinsic hatching asynchrony of the clutches. However, they differed in degree of cannibalism when the hatching asynchrony had been experimentally increased. Snails from a lowland forest showed a higher degree of cannibalism than did those from an alpine mountain slope. The parent snails differed in terms of incubation time and hatching synchrony in their clutches. Under natural conditions, the length of the hatching spread and, as a result, the degree of cannibalism will depend additionally on the mode of oviposition (batches or single; clumped or dispersed), on the spatial heterogeneity of egg-laying places and on climatic conditions (e.g. drought).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379252
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of population subdivision and catastrophes on the persistence of a land snail metapopulation (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 105 (1996), S. 475-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Metapopulation model ; Simulation ; Extinction ; Spatial structure ; Catastrophes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We modeled the dynamics of a metapopulation of the land snail Arianta arbustorum in north-eastern Switzerland to investigate the effect of population subdivision on the persistence of a land snail metapopulation and to analyze the interaction between spatial factors, population subdivision, and catastrophes. We developed a spatially structured, stochastic, age-structured metapopulation model with field data from previous studies on the metapopulation in Switzerland and experimental and meteorological data. The model incorporated distance-dependent dispersal through stream banks, correlated environmental fluctuations, and catastrophes resulting from heavy rains. The results point to various complex interactions among factors involved in metapopulation dynamics and suggest that in some cases population subdivision may act to decrease threats from environmental fluctuations and catastrophes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330010
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbivory on calcicolous lichens: different food preferences and growth rates in two co-existing land snails (1994)
    Springer
    Oecologia 98 (1994), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Gastropoda ; Lichen grazing ; Food preference ; Secondary compounds ; Interspecific competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A total of 32 calcicolous lichen species, one alga and one bryophyte were recorded on a limestone wall in the grassland Great Alvar on the Baltic island of Öland, Sweden. Fourteen (41%) of these 34 species and free-living cyanobacteria showed herbivore damage, most probably due to grazing by the land snails Chondrina clienta and Balea perversa which inhabited the limestone wall. Three laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the food preferences of individuals of C. clienta and B. perversa collected at this site and to evaluate any association between their preference and the net food quality of the lichens to the snails. Chondrina clienta and B. perversa exhibited food preferences, which differed significantly between species. Within species, variation in food choice was similar among individuals. This indicates that snail populations may be composed of polyphagous individuals with similar food preferences. Different lichen species were of different net food quality to the snails as indicated by growth rate differences. In both snail species the most preferred lichen species of the choice experiment caused the largest weight increase in juveniles, viz. Caloplaca flavovirescens for C. clienta and Aspicilia calcarea for B. perversa. This suggest that the snail species studied differ in their abilities to deal with secondary compounds and physical characteristics of certain lichens or that they can utilize the energy and nutrients of these lichens to a different extent. It is suggested that differential food preferences might reduce the intensity of interspecific competition for resources (lichens) between C. clienta and B. perversa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324219
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequestration of lichen compounds by three species of terrestrial snails (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 233-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Balea perversa ; Chondrina clienta ; Helicigona lapicida ; Gastropoda ; Pulmonata ; crustous lichens ; lichen compounds ; sequestration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three species of lichen-grazing snails,Balea perversa, Chondria clienta, andHelicigona lapicida, all from the Swedish island of Öland, were found to sequester lichen compounds when feeding on the crustous lichen speciesAspicila calcarea, Caloplaca flavovirescens, Lecanora muralis, Physcia adscendens, Tephromela atra, andXanthoria parietina. The lichen compounds detected in the soft bodies of the snail species analyzed included the anthraquinone parietin, the depside atranorin, as well as a presumable degradation product of the latter. Other lichen compounds such as (+)-usnic acid or α-collatolic acid were not found in the soft bodies but were only detected in the feces, suggesting selective uptake of lichen compounds by the snails. In individuals ofC. clienta initially fed on the lichenX. parietina, the amount of sequestered parietin decreased over time on a parietin-free diet but was still detectable in the soft bodies after 28 days. In the ovoviviparous land snail,B. perversa, sequestered parietin was transferred from the mother to the eggs in the reproductive tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02036654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Andrena wilkella male bees discriminate between enantiomers of cephalic secretion components (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 429-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Enantiomer discrimination ; male patrolling ; odor marking ; Hymenoptera ; Apoidea ; Andrena wilkella ; bee ; EAG ; spiroacetal ; absolute configuration ; 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Diastereomers of the spiroacetal, 2,8-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecane, represent main components of the cephalic secretion from males of the solitary bee,Andrena wilkella. The major compound proved to be of high enantiomeric purity, showing (2S,6R,8S) configuration. Only the naturally occurring enantiomer attracted patrolling males in the field; its antipode was behaviorally inactive and in a racemic mixture did not inhibit response. The (E,Z) diastereomers were also found to be almost inactive. EAG studies gave the same result as the behavioral tests. The biological function of the spiroacetal is discussed in view of the evolution of the mating behavior inA. wilkella.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021775
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threatened species in a vanishing habitat: plants and invertebrates in calcareous grasslands in the Swiss Jura mountains (1998)
    Springer
    Biodiversity and conservation 7 (1998), S. 1407-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9710
    Keywords: species diversity ; threatened species ; indicator species ; calcareous grassland ; Switzerland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the diversity of vascular plants, butterflies, grasshoppers, gastropods and carabid beetles in three calcareous grasslands in the northwestern Swiss Jura mountains, a habitat type that has decreased dramatically during the recent decades. As many as 58 species (ca 22%) of the 266 collected are listed as threatened in northern Switzerland. The number of threatened species ranged from 27 to 49 per site, and 26 species occurred in only one of the three grasslands. The species richness of butterflies and vascular plants correlated positively among the grasslands, while the species richness of other groups did not covary. An index of complementarity indicated that the species compositions (including non-threatened species, and spiders and oribatid mites) of the groups varied greatly among the grasslands. In addition, herbivorous groups were more widely distributed than predators among the three grasslands. Due to this variation in species composition none of the three sites c an substitute for the others, if the biodiversity of these grasslands is to be maintained. Furthermore, the taxonomic groups studied are poor indicators of each others' diversity. Consequently, we support the ‘shopping basket’ approach to conservation evaluation, i.e. measuring species richness, species composition and complementarity of several groups instead of just one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008835529764
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  • 8
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    Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area matters (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-16
    Print ISSN: 1083-8155
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1642
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Absence of isozyme variation in geographically isolated populations of the land snail Chondrina clienta (1989)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 10
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    Reduced reproductive compatibility in Arianta arbustorum (Gastropoda) from distant populations (1992)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-067X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2540
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer Nature
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