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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Shoals composed of equal numbers of two size-classes of European minnows were observed undisturbed, feeding and after threat from a pike in a large arena tank.The time/frequency budget and analysed sequences of behaviour of the two size-classes were very similar. Irrespective of size, for standard behaviour measures, fish in the shoal behaved similarly under the same external influences, including predator threat.In contrast, however, the distribution of the two size-classes provided evidence of size segregation within the shoal. This was brought about by individual minnows making shoaling responses preferentially to their own size-class. After exposure to the predator, shoaling responses changed and differed between small and large minnows.The outcomes of contests at foraging patches were governed primarily by fish size and information asymmetry rather than by occupation of a feeding site.The experiment shows that asymmetrical pay-offs in foraging and in response to predator threat are the probable reasons for size-segregation behaviours. This conclusion supports the views of earlier workers that mechanical sorting by swimming speed is not an important factor in size segregation in shoals.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 29 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Adult dace, minnows and gudgeon (50 of each) were studied in a fluvarium. Each possible paired-and three-species combination was compared with single-species controls. Species position in the fluvarium and the behaviour of marked individuals were used to measure interactions. Individual behaviours were standardized for day-to-day changes in activity level. The presence of a second species caused significant increases in the frequency and total time of behaviours associated with positional change. Such behavioural changes may reduce competition by adjusting individual position within the shoal. Minnows moved higher in the water and downstream in the presence of dace. Gudgeon moved lower in the water and downstream in the presence of dace and of minnows. Dace made slight, but significant, movements downstream and higher in the water column in response to both minnows and gudgeon. These shifts were very distinct, and the resulting shoal structure mirrors the positions occupied in mixed-species shoals of these species in the wild.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 45 (1989), S. 1422-1424 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 2029-2030 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 41 (1985), S. 58-60 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 1305-1307 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 44 (1988), S. 1833-1834 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 7 (1987), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 18 (1980), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Komplexe von Nickel (II), Kupfer (II) und Zink (II) mit Aspirin wurden hergestellt. Die Untersuchung der Koordinationsverbindungen von Nickel (II) und Zink (II) zeigt, daß dies Salycylatkomplexe sind, in welchen das Aspirin de-äthanoliert wurde. Die chemischen, spektralen- und magnetischen Eigenschaften zeigen, daß die Nickel (II)- und Kupfer (II)-Komplexe dimere Oktaederstrukturen besitzen, während der Zink (II)-Komplex eine Tetraederstruktur besitzt. Die Zersetzung der Komplexe wurde durch Thermogravimetrie und Differentialthermoanalyse untersucht. Thermische Zersetzungsprodukte der Nickel (II)- und Zink (II)-Komplexe wurden erhalten. Ihre Strukturen sind oktaedrich, mit Ausnahme vonBis-Salicyclosäure-Zink (II), dessen Struktur tetraedrisch ist.
    Abstract: Резюме Получены комплексы н икеля(II), меди(II) и цинка(II) с аспирином. Исследова ние комплексов никеля(II) и ц инка(II) показало, что в действительности он и являются салицилат окомплексами, салицилатокомплекс ами, т. е. произошло деацети лирование аспирина. Х имические, спектральные и магнитные свойства этих комплексов пока зали, что комплексы никеля и ме ди обладают димерной, октаэдриче ской структурой, а ком плекс с цинком имеет тетраэд рическое строение. Разложение комплексов было изуч ено с помощью термогравим етрии и дифференциал ьного термического анализ а. В случае комплексов никеля и цинка были получены продукты термическо го разложения. Структ ура этих продуктов окраэдрич еская, за исключением бис-салицилата цинка, для которого характе рно тетраэдрическое стр оение.
    Notes: Abstract Complexes of nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) with aspirin have been prepared. Examination of the complexes of nickel(II) and zinc(II) indicates that they are salicylato complexes in which the aspirin has been de-ethanoylated. Chemical, spectral and magnetic properties show that the nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes have dimeric, octahedral structures while the zinc(II) complex has a tetrahedral structure. The decomposition of the complexes was studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Thermal decomposition products were obtained for the nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes. Their structures are octahedral with the exception ofbis-salicyclic acid-zinc(II) which is tetrahedral.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 16 (1979), S. 79-90 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Plusieurs complexes donnés par les chlorures et bromures de manganèse(II), fer(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) et cuivre(II) avec le nicotinamide et l'acide nicotinique ont été préparés. Ces complexes répondent à la formule st∄chiométriqueML 2X2, oùM représente l'ion mé tallique,L un ligand organique etX un ion halogène. Les propriétés spectrales et magnétiques indiquent que ces composés ont une structure polymère octaédrique. La décomposition de ces complexes a été étudiée par thermogravimétrie et par analyse thermique différentielle. Dans un seul cas un produit de décomposition de formuleMLX2 a été obtenu. Sa structure est également octaédrique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Einige Komplexe der Chloride und Bromide von Mangan(II), Eisen(II), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) und Kupfer(II) mit Nikotinamid und NikotinsÄure wurden hergestellt. Diese Komplexe sind von der StöchiometrieML 2 X 2 , wobeiM ein Metallion,L ein organischer Ligand undX ein Halogenidion ist. Die spektralen und magnetischen Eigenschaften deuten auf oktaedrische Polymerstrukturen dieser Komplexe hin. Die Zersetzung der Komplexe wurde durch Thermogravimetrie und Differentialthermoanalyse untersucht. In einem einzigen Falle wurde ein Zersetzungsprodukt der FormelMLX 2 erhalten, dessen Struktur ebenfalls oktaedrisch war.
    Notes: Abstract Some complexes of the chlorides and bromides of manganese(II), iron(II), cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid have been prepared. These complexes have stoichiometryML 2X2 whereM is a metal ion,L is an organic ligand andX is a halide ion. Spectral and magnetic properties indicate that these compounds have octahedral polymeric structures. The decomposition of the complexes was studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. In only one instance was a decomposition product of the formulaMLX2 obtained. Its structure was also octahedral.
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