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  • Other Sources  (22)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Images of Sgr* A with milliarcsecond resolution obtained by using five telescopes of the partially completed Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) in conjunction with a few additional telescopes are presented. The image of Sgr A* at a wavelength of 3.6 cm confirms almost exactly the elliptical Gaussian model that has been proposed on the basis of previous data. The source size at 1.34 cm wavelength is 2.4 +/- 0.2 mas, similar to previous results. At both wavelengths, the radio source is smooth, without detectable fine structure. These observations support the suggestion that the radio emission from Sgr A* is strongly scattered by electron-density fluctuations along the line of sight. On the assumption that the emission is due to a black hole accreting stellar winds from massive stars in the central 0.5 pc, the observations are consistent with a black hole mass of less than about 2 million solar masses.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 362; 6415; p. 38-40.
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  • 2
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Techniques are described for accounting for relativistic effects in the analysis of pulsar signals. Design features of instrumentation used to achieve millisecond accuracy in the signal measurements are discussed. The accuracy of the data permits modeling the pulsar physical characteristics from the natural glitches in the emissions. Relativistic corrections are defined for adjusting for differences between the pulsar motion in its spacetime coordinate system relative to the terrestrial coordinate system, the earth's motion, and the gravitational potentials of solar system bodies. Modifications of the model to allow for a binary pulsar system are outlined, including treatment of the system as a point mass. Finally, a quadrupole model is presented for gravitational radiation and techniques are defined for using pulsars in the search for gravitational waves.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 3
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The frequency dependence of the parameters of interstellar scattering between 837 and 8085 MHz for the Vela pulsar are consistent with thin-screen models of strong scattering. The magnitudes of the parameters indicate an anomalous turbulence along the path when they are compared with results for other pulsars with comparable column densities of free electrons in the line of sight. This anomaly is due presumably to the Gum Nebula. The decorrelation frequency, appropriately defined, is related to the pulse broadening time by 2 pi as predicted theoretically.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 15
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Observations of 12 compact extragalactic sources were made at 2695 and 8085 MHz in order to detect weak intensity fluctuations caused by interstellar scintillation. Pulsar data are used to estimate the parameters of the interstellar medium needed to interpret the measured upper limits in terms of source angular diameters which are much larger than the scintillation cutoff diameter. It is shown that the observed source rms brightness temperatures are less than 10 to the 15th K and 10 to the 14th K at 2695 and 8085 MHz, respectively, making self-absorbed proton-synchroton radiation and high-brightness coherent mechanisms unlikely. If the sources are composed of 'point' components, each source can contain no fewer than 10,000 such components.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 197; Apr. 1
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Pulsar wave forms have been analyzed from observations conducted over a wide radio-frequency range to assess the wave-form morphologies and to measure wave-form widths. The results of the analysis compare favorably with the predictions of a model with a hollow-cone beam of fixed dimensions and with random orientation of both the observer and the cone axis with respect to the pulsar spin axis. A class of three-component wave forms is included in the model by adding a central pencil beam to the hollow-cone hypothesis. The consequences of a number of discrepancies between observations and quantitative predictions of the model are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 209; Nov. 1
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An investigation of the intensity fluctuations of 28 pulsars near 0.4 GHz indicates that spectra of interstellar scintillation are consistent with a Gaussian shape, that scintillation indices are near unity, and that the scintillation bandwidth depends linearly on dispersion measure. Observations at cm wavelengths show that the observer is in the near field of the scattering medium for objects with the lowest dispersion measures, and confirm the steep dependence of correlation bandwidth on dispersion measure found by Sutton (1971). The variations of scattering parameters with dispersion measure may indicate that the rms deviation of thermal electron density on the scale of 10 to the 11th cm grows with path length through the galaxy.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 43; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The first detection of interference fringes by VLBI at a wavelength of 3.4 mm during observations of 3C84 are reported. The compact source in the nucleus of 3C84 was observed for a 9-hr period on the 485 km baseline between the Owens Valley Radio Observatory and the Hat Creek Observatory. The fringe data are given and the derivation of the correlated flux densities is described. The findings are discused in the context of previous obervations. The results demonstrate that there are no unforeseen technical difficulties associated with millimeter VLBI, and that the sensitivity of existing systems is sufficient to observe objects brighter than a few Jy. The observations are consistent with the millimeter wavelength radio structure of 3C84 being more compact than its centimeter wavelength structure.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 303; June 9
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  • 8
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Time-averaged flux-density spectra of ten pulsars have been obtained on the basis of simultaneous observations at six frequencies between 250 and 8085 MHz. The effects of interstellar scintillation on the accuracy of the measurements are discussed. All of the pulsars exhibited a power-law spectrum at high frequencies with spectral indices between negative 1.6 and negative 3.0. Several of the pulsars show a more positive spectral index at the low-frequency end of the data.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 189; Apr. 1
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The discovery of a 110-ms pulsar, PSR2127+11, in the globular cluster M15, is reported. The results of nine months of timing measurements place the new pulsar about 2 arcsec from the center of the cluster, and indicate that it is not a member of a close binary system. The measured negative value of the period derivative is probably the result of the pulsar being bodily accelerated in our direction by the gravitational field of the collapsed core of M15. This apparently overwhelms a positive contribution to the period derivative due to magnetic braking. Although the pulsar has an unexpectedly long period, it is argued that it belongs to the class of 'recycled' pulsars, which have been spun up by accretion in a binary system. The subsequent loss of the pulsar's companion is probably due to disruption of the system by close encounters with other stars.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 337; 531-533
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two experiments were performed in April and September 1976 to determine precise positions of radio sources using conventional Mark 2 VLBI techniques. Four stations in the continental United States observed at a wavelength of 18 cm. The recording bandwidth was 2 MHz. The preliminary results using analyses of fringe rate and delay are discussed and the source positions compared with the results of other measurements.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Radio Interferometry; p 181-186
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