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  • 1
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    Evidence of Convection as a Dominant Source of Condensation Nuclei in the Northern Midlatitude Upper Troposphere (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We examine concurrent upper tropospheric measurements of CN (diameter greater than 4 nm). NO, and NO(Y) during the SONEX Experiment over the North Atlantic (Oct.-Nov., 1997). Elevated CN and NO(Y) concentrations observed in the upper troposphere are attributed largely to enhancements in convective outflows. We estimate that less than 7% of observed high-CN plumes (greater than 10000 /cc) may be attributed to aircraft emissions. Dilution of high-CN convective and aircraft plumes appears to be much more rapid than losses of NO(X) and CN by oxidation and coagulation, respectively, and accounts for much of observed CN concentrations. When taking into account of different time scales against dilution for observable aircraft and convective high-CN plumes (estimated to be 1:4), the contribution by aircraft emissions to CN concentrations is significant, about 20% of the convective source. We find no evidence that particle formation in convective plumes is limited by OH oxidation of SO2.
    Keywords: Geophysics
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  • 2
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    Heterogeneous Chemistry Involving Methanol in Tropospheric Clouds (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: In this report we analyze airborne measurements to suggest that methanol in biomass burning smoke is lost heterogeneously in clouds. When a smoke plume intersected a cumulus cloud during the SAFARI 2000 field project, the observed methanol gas phase concentration rapidly declined. Current understanding of gas and aqueous phase chemistry cannot explain the loss of methanol documented by these measurements. Two plausible heterogeneous reactions are proposed to explain the observed simultaneous loss and production of methanol and formaldehyde, respectively. If the rapid heterogeneous processing of methanol, seen in a cloud impacted by smoke, occurs in more pristine clouds, it could affect the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere on a global scale.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 31; L06114
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