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  • 1
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    Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 3988: Adapting Governance Incentives to Avoid Common Pool Resource Underuse: The Case of Swiss Summer Pastures (2018)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: The use of summer pastures in the European Alps provides much evidence against Hardin’s prediction of the tragedy of the commons. For centuries, farmers have kept summer pastures in communal tenure and avoided its overuse with self-designed regulations. During the past decades, however, summer pastures have become less intensely used, which has reduced its agronomic value and the by-production of public goods. However, very little is known about how the various governance incentives affect farmers’ use of summer pasture to result in below-sustainable activity. In this study, we develop an empirically informed game theoretical model of farmers’ land use decisions, which we validate with survey data from a case study in Switzerland. Our results reveal that farmers weigh the benefit of resource use against the costs of maintaining it and that all major sectoral developments, such as increasing livestock endowment, increasing opportunity costs, and decreasing land use intensity on private plots, result in the reduced use of summer pastures. Based on these insights, we suggest adapting the incentive structure at the local and federal governance levels to increase incentives for stocking at the margin. Our study shows how game theory combines with field validation to identify the contextual behavioral drivers in common pool resource dilemmas for informed and improved policy making.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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  • 2
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    Identification of storm surge events over the German Bight from atmospheric reanalysis and climate model data (2015)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-06-30
    Description: A new procedure for the identification of storm surge situations for the German Bight is developed and applied to reanalysis and global climate model data. This method is based on the empirical approach for estimating storm surge heights using information about wind speed and wind direction. Here, we hypothesize that storm surge events are caused by high wind speeds from north-westerly direction in combination with a large-scale wind storm event affecting the North Sea region. The method is calibrated for ERA-40 data, using the data from the storm surge atlas for Cuxhaven. It is shown that using information of both wind speed and direction as well as large-scale wind storm events improves the identification of storm surge events. To estimate possible future changes of potential storm surge events, we apply the new identification approach to an ensemble of three transient climate change simulations performed with the ECHAM5/MPIOM model under A1B greenhouse gas scenario forcing. We find an increase in the total number of potential storm surge events of about 12 % [(2001–2100)–(1901–2000)], mainly based on changes of moderate events. Yearly numbers of storm surge relevant events show high interannual and decadal variability and only one of three simulations shows a statistical significant increase in the yearly number of potential storm surge events between 1900 and 2100. However, no changes in the maximum intensity and duration of all potential events is determined. Extreme value statistic analysis confirms no frequency change of the most severe events.
    Print ISSN: 1561-8633
    Electronic ISSN: 1684-9981
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
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    Identification of storm surge events over the German Bight from atmospheric reanalysis and climate model data (2014)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-04
    Description: A new procedure for the identification of storm surge situations for the German Bight is developed and applied to reanalysis and global climate model data. This method is based on the empirical approach for estimating storm surge height using information about wind speed and wind direction. Here, we hypothesize that storm surge events are caused by 10 m winds with high wind speed and north-westerly direction in combination with a large-scale wind storm event affecting the North Sea region. The method is calibrated for ERA-40 data, using the data of the storm surge atlas for Cuxhaven. It is shown that using information of both: wind speed and direction as well as large-scale wind storm events improves the identification of storm surge events. To estimate possible future changes of potential storm surge events, we apply our approach to a small ensemble of three transient climate change simulations which are performed with the ECHAM5/MPIOM model under past and A1B greenhouse gas scenario forcing. We find an increase of the total number of storm surge relevant events by about 12% regarding the ensemble mean for the period from 2001 to 2100 with respect to the period from 1901 to 2000. Yearly numbers of storm surge relevant events show high interannual and decadal variability and only the time series for one of three runs shows a statistical significant increase of the yearly number of storm surge relevant events between 1900 and 2100. However, no changes in the maximum intensity and duration of these events is determined.
    Electronic ISSN: 2195-9269
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental results with Ceramic Components in passenger-car diesel enginesVeröffentlicht aus: “Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines”, edited by W. Bunk and H. Hausner. Verlag: Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft e.V., Postfach 1226, 5340 Bad Honnef 1. (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 19 (1988), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19880190104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay for plasma free phenylalanine and tyrosine by high-pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry and its application to an in vivo study of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in manDedicated to Professor J. Kühnau on the occasion of his 80th birthday. (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 8 (1981), S. 598-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical assay for the determination of free amino acids in human plasma based on high-pressure liquid chromatography and field desorption mass spectrometry has been developed. Compared with assays using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, this method appears to be advantageous with respect to the analysis of polar and/or labile amino acids. Using stable isotope labelled analogues as internal standards quantifications by field desorption can be performed on about 250 pmol of individual amino acids as dansyl derivatives, corresponding to about 10 μl of human plasma. The practicability of the assay is demonstrated by a stable isotope in vivo study of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in man.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200081208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verschleißkorrosion von Eisenwerkstoff-Kunststoffpaarungen in Trichlorethylen (1980)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 31 (1980), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Erosion corrosion of ferrous material/plastic couples in trichloroethyleneLow alloy steel is attacked by wear corrosion if H2O and O2 are present; high alloy steel too, if hard wear particles have an abrasive effect on the protecting passive layer. If the HKW contents stabilisers in a sufficient degree, only abrasive wear can be observed.
    Notes: Niedrig legierter Stahl wird bei Anwesenheit von H2O und O2 durch Verschleißkorrosion angegriffen; hochlegierter auch, wenn harte Verschleißpartikel abrasiv auf die schützende Passivschicht einwirken. Bei Anwesenheit von Stabilisatoren in ausreichendem Maße findet nur abrasiver Verschleiß statt.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19800310308
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolyse und Entzündung von Polyvinylalkohol. Teil II: Oxydation und Entzündung (1960)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 32 (1960), S. 740-747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Während im Teil l die Zersetzung von Polyvinylalkohol im Vakuum untersucht wurde, befaßt sich Teil ll mit der Anlagerung von Sauerstoff an die im Vakuum hergestellten Zersetzungsprodukte des Kunststoffs. Dabei wird sowohl eine Vernetzung der Polyvinyl-Kette über Sauerstoff-Brücken angenommen, als auch eine direkte Vernetzung, die durch Sauerstoff katalysiert wird. Es werden die Bedingungen untersucht, unter denen die Oxydationsreaktionen zur Selbstentzündung des Kunststoffs führen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330321107
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolyse und Entzündung von Polyvinylalkohol (PVA). I. Pyrolyse im Vakuum (1960)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 32 (1960), S. 598-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Untersuchungen an Polyvinylalkohol als Modellsubstanz für linear vernetzte Hochpolymere sollten den Entzündungs- und Verbrennungsmechanismus von Kunststoffen klären. Da sich hierbei aber thermische Zersetzung und Oxydation der entstehenden Zersetzungsprodukte überlagern, wurden zunächst nur die Kinetik der Zersetzung im Vakuum (Teil I), dann die zur Entzündung führenden Oxydationsreaktionen bei bestimmten Sauerstoff-Drucken und niedrigen Temperaturen (Teil II) untersucht. Eine gemeinsame Diskussion der Ergebnisse und ihrer Folgerungen wird in Teil II veröffentlicht.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330320909
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bemessung von Druckentlastungsöffnungen zum Schutz explosionsgefährdeter Anlagen in der chemischen Industrie (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 38 (1966), S. 1125-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Zur Klärung der Vorgänge, die für die Explosionsdruck-Entlastung wesentlich sind, wurde der zeitliche Druckverlauf bei der Explosion von Methan/Luft- und Methan/Benzol-Gemischen gemessen. Außerdem wurde die Flammenausbreitung mit einer Hochfrequenzkamera gefilmt. Aus den Ergebnissen dieser Versuche und aus theoretischen Überlegungen werden Formeln zur Berechnung der notwendigen Entlastungsfläche abgeleitet.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330381102
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fortpflanzung von Detonationswellen in Gemischen von Chlorkohlenwasserstoff-Dämpfen mit O2 und N2 (1969)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 41 (1969), S. 655-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Die Detonationsfähigkeit gasförmiger Gemische aus Mono-, Di-, Tri- und Tetrachlormethan sowie Tri- und Tetrachloräthylen mit Sauerstoff und Stickstoff wurde untersucht. Mit Ausnahme von Tetrachlormethan ließen sich alle untersuchten Chlorkohlenwasserstoffe in Mischungen mit Sauerstoff oder Sauerstoff/Stickstoff-Atmosphären zur Detonation bringen. Bei Dichlormethan und Trichloräthylen bilden sich bereits bei geringfügiger Zumischung von Sauerstoff zur Luft detonationsfähige Gemische. Hybride Systeme aus Methan, Tetrachlormethan und Sauerstoff weisen dieselben Detonationsparameter auf wie Dichlormethan/Sauerstoff-Gemische gleichen mittleren Molekulargewichts. Eine inhibierende Wirkung der Chlor-Atome auf den Detonationsverlauf wurde nicht beobachtet.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330411104
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