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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist Binding Site. A Stereoselective Pharmacophoric Model Based upon (Semi-)Rigid H1-Antagonists and Including a Known Interaction Site on the Receptor (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 38 (1995), S. 3351-3360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00017a019
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast pulsed radar reflectometry for the Textor Tokamak : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 1034-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Progress in fusion research shows an increasing demand for diagnostics with high temporal and spatial resolution in order to study small and fast phenomena in fusion plasmas. Therefore, a new ten-channel pulsed radar reflectometer is under development for the TEXTOR Tokamak, to measure electron density profiles in the range of 0.4–4×1019 m−3 at a high repetition rate of 2 MHz. An additional feature of this diagnostic is the possibility to perform correlation measurements at 10 MHz repetition rate to investigate density fluctuations. The reflectometer will scan the plasma with 1-ns-long radar pulses in the 18–57 GHz range. In spite of the long flight time of the pulses of about 100 ns, the above mentioned high repetition rates could be achieved by time multiplexing the generation and reception of the radar pulses. Temporal selection of the received pulses is performed by fast switching of the local oscillators inputs of the heterodyne receiver, to generate time windows in which the reception of the reflected pulses is expected. An embedded VME controller will manage the system and store the data with a speed of 20 Msamples/s, up to a maximum of 64 Mbyte data per plasma shot. In order to facilitate the handling of such a huge amount of data, an advanced data reduction scheme is being developed. Remote operation with a fast data link from FZ Jülich (Germany) to FOM Nieuwegein (The Netherlands) will be possible. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149426
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multichannel triple-laser interferometer/polarimeter system at RTP (abstract) : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 446-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 19-channel combined interferometer and polarimeter system has recently become operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (a=0.164 m, R=0.72 m, Btor≤2.5 T, Ip≤150 kA, plasma pulse duration ≤500 ms), in order to determine the poloidal magnetic field and plasma density distribution simultaneously. The method is based on the separate propagation of two counter-rotating, circularly polarized probing waves, and enables high temporal resolution measurements of both the interferometric and the polarimetric phase change using only one detector per line of sight. In this article a thorough discussion of the (polarization-related) optical, electronic, and computational aspects of the system will be presented.© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147602
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First tomographic reconstructions and a study of interference filters for visible-light tomography on RTP : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 622-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An 80-channel visible-light tomography diagnostic is operational on the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project. This diagnostic uses optical imaging systems from five directions in one poloidal plane to view emission by the plasma. For the application of tomography algorithms, measurements need to be preprocessed to take into account the properties of the imaging system. These properties have been measured and a consistent treatment is demonstrated. An example of a tomographic inversion of a glow-discharge plasma is given. Optical filters can be used to select various wavelength ranges. Because the imaging system gives large angles of incidence on the filter (〈16°), a study has been made to determine the minimum useful bandwidth of interference filters to select spectral lines, which was found to be 5 nm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146541
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photon recycling system for multiposition tangential Thomson scattering : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 501-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multiposition tangential Thomson scattering makes it possible to measure the profiles of the local drift velocity and current density of a tokamak plasma. To achieve a reasonably small observational error (20%) a high photon yield is required. In this paper we propose an optical system to increase the photon yield by about a factor of 7. Photons from a pulsed ruby laser are captured in a ring cavity by means of an electro-optical switch. The trapped laser beam recirculates about 14 times through the sampling volume which is part of the cavity, increasing the laser energy of 25 J to an effective energy of about 140 J. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146330
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poloidal polarimeter system for current density measurements in ITER : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 726-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The polarimeter system for ITER features 10 viewing chords covering almost the full poloidal cross section of the plasma in a fan-like arrangement. The 10 laser beams all enter the plasma via 150 mm diam penetrations through the diagnostic plug at the low-field side. Small retroreflectors at the high-field side mirror the laser beams back towards the penetrations at the low-field side. Extensive feasibility calculations have led to the conclusion that the optimum wavelength for the polarimeter is around 100 μm. At this wavelength counterproductive effects like refraction and electron cyclotron absorption are negligibly small. However, the anticipated Faraday rotation angles are still very large, such that several important plasma parameters can be measured within the requirements set by the ITER team. In this article the status of the conceptual design of the polarimeter system for ITER will be presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149396
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The multichannel triple-laser interferometer/polarimeter system at RTP : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1217-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A 19-channel combined interferometer and polarimeter system has recently become operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (a=0.164 m, R=0.72 m, Btor≤2.5 T, Ip≤150 kA, plasma pulse duration ≤500 ms), in order to determine the poloidal magnetic field and plasma density distribution simultaneously. The method is based on the separate propagation of two counter-rotating, circularly polarized probing waves, and enables high temporal resolution measurements of both the interferometric and the polarimetric phase change using only one detector per line of sight. In this article a thorough discussion of the (polarization-related) optical, electronic, and computational aspects of the system will be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147884
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electron cyclotron absorption diagnostic at the Rijnhuizen tokamak project (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4439-4447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new 20-channel electron cyclotron absorption diagnostic has been developed at the Rijnhuizen tokamak project. It is the first time the electron pressure profile in a tokamak plasma can be measured directly with a time resolution of 1 ms. The diagnostic measures simultaneously the emission and absorption of the second harmonic electron cyclotron frequencies. Microwaves are injected from the high field side and detected at the low field side in the equatorial midplane. The transmitted power is measured after a single pass through the plasma column. The absorption measurements are complicated by nonresonant losses: refraction of the injected microwaves (losses up to 100%), and scattering of microwaves by density fluctuations (losses 2%–3%). A fast algorithm has been developed to obtain a quantitative measure for these nonresonant losses. This calculation method is based on a parametrization of the experimental data. Combining the electron cyclotron absorption (ECA) measurements and the parametrization provides a reliable tool for determining the optical depth, the electron temperature, and the electron pressure. A good agreement was found between pressure and temperature profiles, measured with ECA and other diagnostics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148411
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering system for the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3380-3392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high resolution multiposition Thomson scattering setup to measure the electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) of a hot plasma is described. The system is operational at the Rijnhuizen Tokamak Project. Light from a high power pulsed ruby laser is scattered by the free plasma electrons and relayed to a Littrow polychromator for spectral analysis. The spectrally and spatially resolved light is detected by a GaAsP photocathode. The two-dimensional image is intensified and recorded with a charge-coupled device camera.Te in the range of 50 eV–6 keV can be measured at 115 spatial elements of 2.6 mm length along the laser beam. The observation error is 〈6% at ne=2×1019 m−3 and smaller for higher ne. The high resolution and accuracy enabled the observation of small scale structures in Te and ne. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148345
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High spatial resolution interferometry and polarimetry in hot plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3407-3423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Interferometry is a standard technique for measuring the line-integrated electron density of magnetically confined plasmas. It is based on the fact that an electromagnetic wave, on its passage through a plasma, experiences a phase change with respect to the vacuum situation. Moreover, the plane of polarization of the wave will in general rotate because the plasma is birefringent. The total (Faraday) rotation angle of the wave, which can be measured by polarimetric techniques, is proportional to the line-integrated value of the magnetic field component parallel to the beam. The optimum wavelength for interferometry/polarimetry, for diagnosing magnetically confined plasmas is in the far-infrared and infrared spectral region. To invert the line-integrated data of the electron density and magnetic field component to local values, without using too stringent assumptions on the plasma symmetry, it is necessary to probe the plasma along multiple chords. In many confinement devices this is done by using a limited number of discrete probing chords. In recent years much attention has been devoted to the development of multichannel interferometer/polarimeter systems with a much better coverage of the plasma, which could be achieved by expanding the probing beam either to a slab- or a fanlike beam, covering almost the complete minor cross section of the plasma. A much higher number of detectors can be implemented in this way, thus substantially improving the spatial resolution of the measurements. In this paper the present status of interferometer/polarimeter systems featuring slablike or fanlike probing beams will be reviewed. Results of detailed measurements that have been performed to study the effect of magnetohydrodynamic activity (in particular sawteeth), disruptions, additional heating, and pellet injection on the electron density distribution, will be used to illustrate the merits of interferometry/polarimetry with high spatial resolution. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145516
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