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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: Cytochromes P450 ; P450 2D6 ; P450 101 ; 3D model ; Active site residues ; Homology building
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A homology model building study of cytochrome P450 2D6 has been carried out based on the crystal structure of cytochrome P450 101. The primary sequences of P450 101 and P450 2D6 were aligned by making use of an automated alignment procedure. This alignment was adjusted manually by matching α-helices (C, D, G, I, J, K and L) and β-sheets (β3/β4) of P450 101 that are proposed to be conserved in membrane-bound P450s (Ouzounis and Melvin [Eur. J. Biochem., 198 (1991) 307]) to the corresponding regions in the primary amino acid sequence of P450 2D6. Furthermore, α-helices B, B′ and F were found to be conserved in P450 2D6. No significant homology between the remaining regions of P450 101 and P450 2D6 could be found and these regions were therefore deleted. A 3D model of P450 2D6 was constructed by copying the coordinates of the residues from the crystal structure of P450 101 to the corresponding residues in P450 2D6. The regions without a significant homology with P450 101 were not incorporated into the model. After energy-minimization of the resulting 3D model of P450 2D6, possible active site residues were identified by fitting the substrates debrisoquine and dextrometorphan into the proposed active site. Both substrates could be positioned into a planar pocket near the heme region formed by residues Val370, Pro371, Leu372, Trp316, and part of the oxygen binding site of P450 2D6. Furthermore, the carboxylate group of either Asp100 or Asp301 was identified as a possible candidate for the proposed interaction with basic nitrogen atom(s) of the substrates. These findings are in accordance with a recently published predictive model for substrates of P450 2D6 [Koymans et al., Chem. Res. Toxicol., 5 (1992) 211].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-4951
    Keywords: α-helical model system ; Conformational analysis ; Counterpoise method ; Hartree-Fock calculations ; Histamine H2 receptor ; Molecular mechanics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mutation studies on the histamine H2 receptor were reported by Gantz et al. [J. Biol. Chem., 267 (1992) 20840], which indicate that both the mutation of the fifth transmembrane Asp186 (to Ala186) alone or in combination with Thr190 (to Ala190) maintained, albeit partially, the cAMP response to histamine. Recently, we have shown that histamine binds to the histamine H2 receptor as a monocation in its proximal tautomeric form, and, moreover, we suggested that a proton is donated from the receptor towards the tele-position of the agonist, thereby triggering the biological effect [Nederkoorn et al., J. Mol. Graph., 12 (1994) 242; Eriks et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 44 (1993) 886]. These findings result in a close resemblance with the catalytic triad (consisting of Ser, His and Asp) found in serine proteases. Thr190 resembles a triad's serine residue closely, and could also act as a proton donor. However, the mutation of Thr190 to Ala190 — the latter is unable to function as a proton donor — does not completely abolish the agonistic cAMP response. At the fifth transmembrane α-helix of the histamine H2 receptor near the extracellular surface, another amino acid is present, i.e. Tyr182, so an alternative couple of amino acids, Tyr182 and Asp186, could constitute the histamine binding site at the fifth α-helix instead of the (mutated) couple Asp186 and Thr190. In the first part of our present study, this hypothesis is investigated with the aid of an oligopeptide with an α-helical backbone, which represents a part of the fifth transmembrane helix. Both molecular mechanics and ab initio data lead to the conclusion that the Tyr182/Asp186 couple is most likely to act as the binding site for the imidazole ring present in histamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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