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  • potassium chloride  (3)
  • ACOUSTICS  (2)
  • enthalpy  (2)
  • resistance  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 20 (1991), S. 391-401 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Cell constant ; conductance ; demal ; electrolytic conductivity ; potassium chloride ; primary standards ; resistance ; specific conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An absolute determination of aqueous electrolytic conductivity has been made for primary standards 0.01D and 0.1D (demal) potassium chloride solutions over the temperature range of 0 to 50°C in 5 degree intervals. A cell with a removable center section of accurately known length and area was used for the measurements. Values were adjusted to be in conformity with the ITS-90 temperature scale. The overall uncertainty over the entire temperature range is estimated to be 0.03%. Values at 25°C for 0.01D and 0.1D KCl solutions are 0.0014086 and 0.012852 S-cm−1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 18 (1989), S. 515-528 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Absolute standard ; conductivity cell ; demal ; electrolyte ; molality ; potassium chloride ; primary standard ; specific conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A determination of the absolute specific conductance of KCl solutions is demonstrated. The measurement is based on the conductance cell with a well defined geometry, having a difference in the removable center tube of accurately measured dimensions. The specific conductance of the solution is obtained from the measured resistances of the cell with and without the center tube and the measured l/A ratio of the center tube. Specific conductances obtained using the cell agree with the previously accepted standards for 0.1 demal and 0.01 demal solutions within 0.02%. Results are also presented for solutions based on molality. The temperature control, bridge, and detector technology used to obtain results of this accuracy are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 675-692 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Deuterium chloride ; deuterium oxide ; electrochemical cell ; emf ; enthalpy ; entropy ; free energy ; heat capacity ; isotope effect ; standard potential ; thermodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The themodynamic properties of solutions of deuterium chloride (DCl) in deuterium oxide (D2O) have been determined from emf measurements of the electrochemical cell without transference from 5 to 50°C, and from 0.002 to 1.0 mol-kg−1. The standard potential of the silver/silver chloride electrode relative to the platinum/deuterium electrode has been determined. An equation for the Gibbs energy as a function of temperature has been derived from which the enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity have been computed. Equations for the activity coefficient and the osmotic coefficient of DCl in D2O have been developed. The excess Gibbs energy of the solution and the excess partial molar free energy as a function of temperature have been calculated, from which the other excess thermodynamic properties have been computed. The values for the heat capacity and the apparent molar heat capacity have been compared with calorimetric data in the literature. The relative partial molar enthalpy has been calculated. The solvent isotope effect on the excess thermodynamic functions is discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 985-997 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Aqueous solution ; cell constant ; conductance ; electrolytic conductivity ; potassium chloride ; primary ; resistance ; resistivity, secondary, standards, and temperature scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of aqueous electrolytic conductance are performed routinely in a variety of disciplines and industries. Conductivity is a measure of the ionic content in solution and thus has applications in pharmaceuticals, power plants, rainwater, lake surveys, and oceanography, to name a few. A thorough review of the measurement of and standards for aqueous electrolytic conductance is herein presented. At present, the most precise and accurate standards have been set forth by the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML), and have been adopted by most other standards organizations. However, the uncertainty assigned to these standards, especially the secondary standards, is somewhat larger than would be expected from the physical aspects of the measurement. Several changes in the units and measurement scales, including temperature, volume, molar mass, resistance, and concentration obfuscate the accuracy of these standards. In addition to the review, research is proposed, using a conductance cell with variable length, to establish new standards for aqueous electrolytic conductance.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Dissociation constant ; buffers ; NaMOPS ; temperature dependence ; emf ; Gibbs energy ; enthalpy ; entropy ; heat capacity ; zwitterion ; liquid junction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The second dissociation constant pK2 of 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) has been determined at eight temperatures from 5 to 55°C by measurements of the emf of cells without liquid junction, utilizing hydrogen electrodes and silver–silver chloride electrodes. The pK2 has a value of 7.18 ± 0.001 at 25°C and 7.044 ± 0.002 at 37°C. The thermodynamic quantities ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔC p o have been derived from the temperature coefficients of the pK 2. This buffer at ionic strength I = 0.16 mol-kg−1 close to that of blood serum, has been recommended as a useful secondary pH standard for measurements of physiological fluids. Five buffer solutions with the following compositions were prepared: (a) equimolal mixture of MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS, (0.05 mol-kg−1); (b( MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.05 mol-kg−1); (c) MOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.05 mol-kg−1); + NaCl (0.11mol-kg−1); (d) MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1); and (e)MOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaMOPS (0.08 mol-kg−1) + NaCl (0.08 mol-kg−1).The pH values obtained by using the pH meter + glass electrode assembly are compared with those measured from a flow–junction calomel cell saturated with KCl (cell B), as well as those obtained from cell (A) without liquid junction at 25 and 37°C. The conventional values of the liquid junction potentials E j have been obtained at 25 and 37°C for the physiological phosphate reference solution as well as for the MOPS buffers (d) and (e) mentioned above.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Sound attenuation in a rectangular acoustically lined duct containing uniform mean flow is analytically investigated using the generalized Wiener-Hopf technique. Uniqueness of the solution is enforced for lined sections of the finite axial extent by imposing edge conditions at the liner interface. Possible edge conditions are considered, including the Kutta condition, and the causal solution corresponding to edge conditions is considered the best choice. Solution methods such as the mode matching and singularity methods imply differing edge conditions, and results show that power attenuation is insensitive to the imposed edge conditions, although significant differences are observed for the reflection coefficient. The amplitude of the exponentially increasing instability mode in the lined section must be set to zero as a first approximation to the nonlinear situation, and results indicate that measurements of the reflection factor can be used to make a more definite decision about physically appropriate edge conditions.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 81-2017 , Aeroacoustics Conference; Oct 05, 1981 - Oct 07, 1981; Palo Alto, CA
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Axial segmentation of acoustically absorbing liners in rectangular, circular or annual duct configurations is a very useful concept for obtaining higher noise attenuation with respect to the bandwidth of absorption as well as the maximum attenuation. As a consequence, advanced liner concepts are proposed which induce a modal energy transfer in both cross-sectional directions to further reduce the noise radiated from turbofan engines. However, these advanced liner concepts require three-dimensional geometries which are difficult to treat theoretically. A very simple three-dimensional problem is investigated analytically. The results show a strong dependence on the positioning of the liner for some incident source modes while the effect of three-dimensional segmentation appears to be negligible over the frequency range considered.
    Keywords: ACOUSTICS
    Type: NASA-TM-80118
    Format: application/pdf
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