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  • 1
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Conductivity, average; Depth, bottom/max; ELEVATION; Heat flow; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Method comment; Number; Number of temperature data; Sample, optional label/labor no
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 686 data points
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-05-12
    Keywords: Conductivity, average; Depth, bottom/max; ELEVATION; Heat flow; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Method comment; Number; Sample, optional label/labor no; Temperature gradient
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 119 data points
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  • 3
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    Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution February 1981
    Description: The equatorial Pacific heat flow low, a major oceanic geothermal anomaly centered on the equatorial sediment bulge, was investigated using deeply penetrating heat flow probes (6-11 meters penetration) within three detailed surveys (400 km2) and along over 10,000 km of continuous seismic profiles (CSP). Previous heat flow measurements in this region defined a broad region characterized by a heat flux well below 1 HFU. We report 98 new measurements collected during cruises PLEIADES 3 and KNORR 73-4 that verify the anomalous nature of the heat flux and also define non-linear temperature gradients (concave down). Temperature field disturbances due to perturbations of a purely conductive heat transport regime are incapable of suitably explaining either of these observations . A simple model incorporating heat transport by both conduction and fluid convection through the sediments fits the observations. A volume flux of (hydrothermal) fluid in the range of 10-6 to 10-5 cm3/sec/cm2 (0.1 liter/yr/cm2) is required. The sense of the flow for all measurements exhibiting non-linear gradients is upward out of the sediment column; no evidence for the recharging of the system was observed. Investigation of a well-defined boundary of the low zone at 4°N and 114°W showed a transition from low and variable heat flow to values compatible with thermal models that correlated with a change in the nature of the basement from rough to smooth. A few outcrops occur in the area of rough basement, but otherwise the region is well-sedimented (greater than 200 meters). Measurements within a detailed survey centered at this transition showed a dramatic increase in heat flow from 1.21 HFU to values greater than 3 HFU over a horizontal distance of 10km. A similar transition from non-linear to linear temperature gradients was not observed as nearly every measurement was non-linear. Heat flow measurements located in well-sedimented, outcrop-free areas (A environments) were associated with linear gradients and a heat flux greater than 1 HFU, however, several of these values were well below the theoretical heat flow for the appropriate age crust. Values measured in environments other than A exhibited variable heat flow and non-linear gradients. The average value of measurements located in A environments within the equatorial Pacific heat flow low was 1.37±0.27 HFU. The previously reported average was 0.92±0.48 HFU based on several measurements from L-DGO cruise VEMA 24-3. The average heat flow measured at a survey located outside the low heat flow zone on crust of 55 ±5 m.a. was 1.76 ±0.30 HFU which is in good agreement with the theoretical value of 1.60. The measurements in this survey were not located in A environments suggesting that crustal convection has ceased or is greatly attenuated within crust of this age. Error analysis of the geothermal data reduction using the convective/conductive heat transport model suggests that the volume flux parameter is sensitive to temperature measurement errors greater than a few millidegrees. Volume fluxes less than 10-7 cm/sec are difficult to distinguish from the purely conductive case assuming instrumental accuracies of 0.001°C. Resolution of the volume flux deteriorates as heat flow decreases and is poor for values less than 0.5 HFU. A detailed survey located within the low zone confirmed previous measurements of low heat flow, however, due to the low value of heat flow (about 0.5 HFU) the small-scale variability could not be clearly defined.
    Keywords: Geothermal resources ; Heat budget ; Ocean circulation ; Ocean bottom ; Marine geophysics ; Pleides (Ship) Cruise 3 ; Knorr (Ship : 1970-) Cruise KN73-4
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Thesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 28 (1989), S. 3916-3922 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 30 (1991), S. 5313-5318 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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    Unknown
    Menasha, Wis. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    The Accounting Review. 68:4 (1993:Oct.) 942 
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 84 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In previous studies on the causes of imbibitional leakage in dry polien we have presented data which suggest that the leakage is due to a gel to liquid crystalline phase transition in membrane phospholipids during the rehydration event. In the present study we greatly extend and confirm those results. A supplemented phase diagram for the hydration dependent transition temperature of membrane phospholipids in pollen is presented. In pollen containing 〉 0.05 g H2O g−1 dry weight at the time of imbibition, this phase diagram for the phospholipids precisely predicts the conditions for rehydration under which germination is maximal and leakage is minimal. However, in extremely dry pollen, containing 〈 0.05 g H2O g−1 dry weight the predictive value of the phase diagram for phospholipids in the pollen is not in agreement with data for germination and leakage. Thus, an alternative explanation must be sought for leakage in these circumstances. We examined the available evidence and suggest here that a modified form of the non-bilayer phase hypothesis proposed by Simon (1974) may apply in the specialized case of extremely dry cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 48 (1956), S. 230-232 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 60 (1998), S. 73-103 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Numerous organisms are capable of surviving more or less complete dehydration. A common feature in their biochemistry is that they accumulate large amounts of disaccharides, the most common of which are sucrose and trehalose. Over the past 20 years, we have provided evidence that these sugars stabilize membranes and proteins in the dry state, most likely by hydrogen bonding to polar residues in the dry macromolecular assemblages. This direct interaction results in maintenance of dry proteins and membranes in a physical state similar to that seen in the presence of excess water. An alternative viewpoint has been proposed, based on the fact that both sucrose and trehalose form glasses in the dry state. It has been suggested that glass formation (vitrification) is in itself sufficient to stabilize dry biomaterials. In this review we present evidence that, although vitrification is indeed required, it is not in itself sufficient. Instead, both direct interaction and vitrification are required. Special properties have often been claimed for trehalose in this regard. In fact, trehalose has been shown by many workers to be remarkably (and sometimes uniquely) effective in stabilizing dry or frozen biomolecules, cells, and tissues. Others have not observed any such special properties. We review evidence here showing that trehalose has a remarkably high glass-transition temperature (Tg). It is not anomalous in this regard because it lies at the end of a continuum of sugars with increasing Tg. However, it is unusual in that addition of small amounts of water does not depress Tg, as in other sugars. Instead, a dihydrate crystal of trehalose forms, thereby shielding the remaining glassy trehalose from effects of the added water. Thus under less than ideal conditions such as high humidity and temperature, trehalose does indeed have special properties, which may explain the stability and longevity of anhydrobiotes that contain it. Further, it makes this sugar useful in stabilization of biomolecules of use in human welfare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 145-146 
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] Preservation of cells by freezing or drying is of enormous practical importance in industry, clinical medicine, and agriculture. Two new reports in this issue present results showing that the sugar, trehalose, can preserve frozen or dry mammalian cells, findings that are likely to find immediate ...
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