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  • 1
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    Cooperation on Congo Volcanic and Environmental Risks (2007)
    AGU
    In:  Citation: Tedesco, D., et al. (2007), Cooperation on Congo Volcanic and Environmental Risks, Eos Trans. AGU, 88(16), 177.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Article
    Description: On 17 January 2002, the Nyiragongo volcano (1.52°S, 29.25°E, 3469 meters above sea level), located about 18 kilometers north of Lake Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo, erupted, releasing a volume of 14-34 million cubic meters of lava. Lava flows originated from north-south oriented fractures that rapidly developed along the southern flank of the volcano. Two lava flows divided the nearby city of Goma (~500,000 people) into two parts, forcing a rapid exodus of the population into Rwanda. One of these lava flows ran into Lake Kivu, encroaching 60 meters below lake level with a submerged lava volume of 1 million cubic meters. About 15% of the town was directly affected, leaving approximately 120,000 people homeless. At least 170 people died as a direct consequence of the eruption
    Description: American Geophysical Union
    Description: Published
    Description: 177-188
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Volcanology ; Telemetered Seismic Network ; Effusive volcanism ; Volcanology ; Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Climate Change and the Permafrost Carbon Feedback (2014)
    AGU
    In:  EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 2014-12-15-2014-12-19San Francisco, USA, AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-09
    Description: Approximately twice as much soil carbon is stored in the northern circumpolar permafrost zone than is currently contained in the atmosphere. Permafrost thaw, and the microbial decomposition of previously frozen organic carbon, is considered one of the most likely positive feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in a warmer world. Yet, the rate and form of release is highly uncertain but crucial for predicting the strength and timing of this carbon cycle feedback this century and beyond. New insight brought together under a multi-year synthesis effort by the Permafrost Carbon Network helps constrain current understanding of the permafrost carbon feedback to climate, and provides a framework for newly developing research initiatives in this region. A newly enlarged soil carbon database continues to verify the widespread pattern of large quantities of carbon accumulated deep in permafrost soils. The known pool of permafrost carbon is now estimated to be 1330-1580 Pg C, with the potential for ~400 Pg C in deep permafrost sediments that remain largely unquantified. Laboratory incubations of these permafrost soils reveal that a significant fraction of this material can be mineralized by microbes and converted to CO2 and CH4 on time scales of years to decades, with decade-long average losses from aerobic incubations ranging from 6-34% of initial carbon. Variation in loss rates is depended on the carbon to nitrogen ratio, with higher values leading to more proportional loss. Model scenarios show potential C release from the permafrost zone ranging from 37-174 Pg C by 2100 under the current climate warming trajectory (RCP 8.5), with an average across models of 92±17 Pg C. Furthermore, thawing permafrost C is forecasted to impact global climate for centuries, with models, on average, estimating 59% of total C emissions after 2100. Taken together, greenhouse gas emissions from warming permafrost appear likely to occur at a magnitude similar to other historically important biospheric C sources, such as land use change, but that is only a fraction of current fossil fuel emissions. Permafrost C emissions are likely to be felt over decades to centuries as northern regions warm, making climate change happen even faster than we think based on projected emissions from human activities alone.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 3
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    A synthesis of thermokarst and thermo-erosion rates in northern permafrost regions (2016)
    AGU
    In:  EPIC3AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, 2016-12-12-2016-12-16San Francisco, USA, AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-12-25
    Description: Permafrost regions have been identified to host a soil organic carbon (C) pool of global importance, storing more than 1500 PgC. A large portion of this C pool is currently frozen in deep soils and permafrost deposits. Permafrost thaw hence may result in mobilization of large amounts of C as greenhouse gases, dissolved organic C, or particulate organic matter, with substantial impacts on C cycling and C pool distribution. Understanding potential consequences and feedbacks of permafrost degradation therefore requires better quantification of processes and landforms related to thaw. While many predictive land surface models so far consider a gradual increase in the average active layer thickness across the permafrost domain, rapid shifts in landscape topography and surface hydrology caused by thaw of ice-rich permafrost are much more difficult to project. Field studies of thermokarst and thermo-erosion indicate highly complex and rapid landscape-ecosystem feedbacks. Contrary to top-down permafrost thaw that may affect any permafrost type at the surface, both thermokarst and thermo-erosion are considered pulse disturbances that are closely linked to presence of near-surface ice-rich permafrost, are active on short sub-annual to decadal time scales, and may affect C stores tens of meters deep. Here we present a comprehensive review synthesizing measured and modeled rates of thermokarst and thermo-erosion processes from the scientific literature and own observations across the northern Hemisphere permafrost regions. The goal of our synthesis is (1) to provide an overview on the range of thermokarst and thermo-erosion rates that may be used for parameterization of thermokarst and thermo-erosion in ecosystem and landscape models; and (2) to assess simple back-of-the-envelope scenarios of the magnitude of C thaw due to thermokarst and thermo-erosion versus projected active layer thickening. Example scenarios considering thermokarst lake expansion and talik growth indicate that rapid thaw processes have a high possibility to contribute substantially to permafrost C mobilization over the coming century.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 4
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    Strain accumulation in the southern Alps (NE Italy) and deformation (2006)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We use continuous GPS observations to investigate the rate of strain accumulation in the area affected by the 1976 Friuli earthquakes. Comparison between the motion predicted by the rigid-rotation of Adria and the shortening observed across the study area suggests that the 2.0 ± 0.2 mm/yr motion of Adria is entirely absorbed in the southern Alps through thrusting and crustal thickening with very little or no motion transferred to the north.We use elastic dislocation modelling to investigate the rate of interseismic loading and the geometry of the shear zone at depth. The best-fit solution indicates that a northward-dipping creeping dislocation, whose edge is located within a 50 km wide area beneath the southern Alps, accomodates 2.1 ± 0.5 mm/yr of the Adria motion. Limited resolution on locking depth (acceptable values between 0 and 25 km) and trade-off between dip and slip do not allow a precise reconstruction of the dislocation geometry. The range of acceptable model parameters is consistent with a 20 -dipping dislocation, locked above 10 km depth and slipping at 2.4 mm/yr, whose geometry is suggested by seismological informations.
    Description: Published
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: crustal deformation ; 1976 Friuli earthquakes ; Alps ; interseismic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 357323 bytes
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  • 5
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    Paleoseismicity of the 1981 Corinth earthquake fault: Seismic contribution to extensional strain in central Greece and implications for seismic hazard (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present paleoseismological trenching results for the active Skinos Fault, which ruptured the surface on the Alkyonides Gulf basin margin in the 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake sequence. Three trenches expose evidence of up to six previous events which are comparable to the 1981 deformation in terms of size and geometry. Vertical displacement produced by the 1981 earthquake ranged from 0.45 to 1.3 m at the Bambakies Fan trench sites, decreasing towards the eastern fault tip east of the trenches. Trench 1 reveals two previous events with vertical displacements between 0.5 and 1.2 m since 390 A.D. Trench 2 reveals five or six previous events, but these are not dated. Trench 3 reveals four previous events since 670 A.D. Vertical displacements associated with interpreted paleoearthquakes at the trench sites are ≤1.2 m. The recurrence interval on the Skinos Fault is estimated to average 330 years. However, significant variation in recurrence interval is allowed by the available radiometric dates. Average vertical displacement rates derived from the trenches are in the range 0.7-2.5 mm/yr. A similar long-term average vertical displacement rate of 1.2-2.3 mm/yr is estimated for the lifespan of the basin-bounding fault. This equates to a horizontal seismic strain contribution of ≤2.5 mm/yr from the Skinos Fault. This local seismic strain rate overlaps, within error, with geodetically determined velocities across the Alkyonides Gulf assumed to represent uniform deep-crustal strain. Thus seismic deformation on the basin-bounding fault system may take up the major part of extension across the basin, and aseismic strain is not necessitated by the data. If correct, this would imply that geodetically determined strain rates may be used as a proxy for potential seismic moment release in seismic hazard analyses for this region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 30,001-30,019
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: palaeoseismology ; 1981 Corinth earthquake ; extensional strain ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Chlorophyll a in Antarctic sea ice from historical ice core data (2012)
    AGU
    In:  EPIC3Geophys. Res. Lett., AGU, 39(L21602)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Sea ice core chlorophyll a data are used to describe the seasonal, regional and vertical distribution of algal biomass in Southern Ocean pack ice. The Antarctic Sea Ice Processes and Climate – Biology (ASPeCt – Bio) circumpolar dataset consists of 1300 ice cores collected during 32 cruises over a period of 25 years. The analyses show that integrated sea ice chlorophyll a peaks in early spring and late austral summer, which is consistent with theories on light and nutrient limitation. The results indicate that on a circum-Antarctic scale, surface, internal and bottom sea ice layers contribute equally to integrated biomass, but vertical distribution shows distinct differences among six regions around the continent. The vertical distribution of sea ice algal biomass depends on sea ice thickness, with surface communities most commonly associatedwith thin ice (〈0.4m), and ice ofmoderate thickness (0.4– 1.0 m) having the highest probability of forming bottom communities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Spectrally resolved observations of atmospheric emitted radiance in the H2O rotation band (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: This paper presents the project Earth Cooling by Water Vapor Radiation, an observational programme, which aims at developing a database of spectrally resolved far infrared observations, in atmospheric dry conditions, in order to validate radiative transfer models and test the quality of water vapor continuum and line parameters. The project provides the very first set of far-infrared spectral downwelling radiance measurements, in dry atmospheric conditions, which are complemented with Raman Lidar-derived temperature and water vapor profiles.
    Description: MIUR PRIN 2005, project 2005025202/Area 02.
    Description: Published
    Description: L04812
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: IR H2O rotation band ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Static stress drop associated with brittle slip events on exhumed faults. (2010)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We estimate the static stress drop on small exhumed strike-slip faults in the Lake Edison granodiorite of the central Sierra Nevada (California). The subvertical strike-slip faults were exhumed from 4 to 15 km depth and were chosen because they are exposed in outcrop along their entire tip-to-tip lengths of 8–12 m. Slip nucleated on joints and accumulated by crystal-plastic shearing (forming quartz mylonites from early quartz vein filling in joints) and successive brittle faulting (forming epidote-bearing cataclasites). The occurrence of thin, 300 mm wide, pseudotachylytes along some small faults throughout the study area suggests that some, if not all, of the brittle slip on the study area faults may have been seismic. We suggest that the contribution of brittle, cataclastic slip to the total slip along the studied cataclasite-bearing small faults may be estimated by the length of epidote-filled, rhombohedral dilatational jogs (rhombochasms) distributed quasi-periodically along the length of the faults. The interpretation that slip recorded by rhombochasms occurred in single events is based on evidence that (1) epidote crystals are randomly oriented and undeformed within the rhombochasm; (2) cataclasite in principal slip zones does not include clasts of previous cataclasite, and (3) rhombochasm lengths vary systematically along the length of the faults with slip maximum occurring near the fault center, tapering to the fault tips. We thereby constrain both the rupture length and slip. On the basis of these measurements, we calculate stress drops ranging over 90–250 MPa, i.e., one to two orders of magnitude larger than typical seismological estimates for earthquakes, but similar in magnitude to seismological estimates of small (〈M2) earthquakes from the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). The slip events described in the present study occurred along small, deep-seated faults, and, given the calculated stress drops and observations that brittle faults exploited joints sealed by quartz-bearing mylonite, we conclude that these were ‘‘strong’’ faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02402
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquakes ; stress drops ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 9
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    The Aigion–Neos Erineos coastal normal fault system (western Corinth Gulf Rift, Greece): Geomorphological signature, recent earthquake history, and evolution (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: At the westernmost part of the Corinth Rift (Greece), an area of rapid extension and active normal faulting, geomorphological observations reveal the existence and geometry of an active NW-SE trending coastal fault system, which includes the Aigion fault. We recognize a similar fault pattern on both the coastal range front to the NW of Aigion town and the Holocene fan deltas in front of it. We interpret this as a result of recent migration of faulting to the hanging wall of the fault system. Differences in the geomorphic expression of the constituent faults provide hints on the possible evolution of the fault pattern during this recent migration. A trench excavated across one of the identified coastal fault scarps (on a Holocene fan delta) provides information on the seismic history of the fault system, which includes at least four (possibly six) earthquakes in the past 4000 years. A minimum estimate for the slip rate of the trenched fault is 1.9–2.7 mm/yr. The trench exposed sediments of an uplifted paleolagoon (approximate age 2000 years B.P.), inside which the last two earthquakes formed an underwater monoclinal scarp. Oscillating coastal vertical movements are suggested by the fact that the lagoonal deposits are also uplifted on the trenched fault hanging wall (uplift by offshore faults) and by the abrupt transition from fluvial to lagoonal deposits (subsidence by more landward faults, assuming that extensive coastal sediment failure has not taken place in the specific part of the fan delta, within the time interval of interest). These movements suggest that the proposed migration of activity from the range front faults to those on the fan deltas is probably still ongoing, with activity on both sets of faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: B09302
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tectonic geomorphology ; paleoseismology ; normal fault evolution ; coastal uplift ; Aigion fault ; western Corinth Gulf ; Greece ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Paleoearthquakes of the Duzce fault (North Anatolian Fault Zone): Insights for large surface faulting earthquake recurrence (2008)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 12 November 1999 Mw 7.1 earthquake ruptured the Du¨zce segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone and produced a 40-km-long surface rupture. To improve knowledge about earthquake recurrence on this fault, we undertook paleoseismological trench investigations. We found evidence for repeated surface faulting paleoearthquakes predating the 1999 event during the past millennium. Dating was based on radiocarbon, 210Pb analyses, and archaeological considerations. In addition to the 1999 earthquake, prior surface faulting earthquakes are dated as follows: A.D. 1685–1900 (possibly end of 19th century), A.D. 1495–1700, and A.D. 685–1020 (possibly A.D. 890–1020). The A.D. 967 and A.D. 1878 historical earthquakes are good candidates to have ruptured the Du¨zce fault correlating with the oldest and penultimate paleoearthquakes. No obvious correlation for the third paleoearthquake (A.D. 1495–1700) exists. These results shows that the Du¨zce fault considerably participates, along with the parallel Mudurnu fault sections, in the seismogenic deformation taking place along this part of the North Anatolian Fault. Four events since A.D. 685–1020 (possibly A.D. 890–1020) would yield an average recurrence time for the Du¨zce fault of 330–430 years (possibly 330– 370 years). The three most recent earthquakes, including 1999, occurred within 500 years. Merging results from other paleoseismological studies along the Du¨zce fault show a consistency of results and yields average recurrence times for the past 2000 years of 320– 390 years. Assuming that the 1999 slip (2.7 m average, 5 m maximum) is representative of the behavior of this fault, the above recurrence times yield a reference figure of fault slip rate in the range 6.9–15.6 mm/a
    Description: EU project RELIEF (EVG1-CT-2002-00069)
    Description: Published
    Description: B01309
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleoseismicity ; strike-slip faults ; north anatolian fault ; 1999 earthquake ; 210Pb dating ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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