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  • 2000-2004  (1,396)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monomode optical waveguide in lithium niobate formed by MeV Si+ ion implantation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5224-5226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The monomode enhanced-index LiNbO3 waveguide fabricated by low-dose ion implantation is reported. LiNbO3 crystals were implanted with 3 MeV Si+ ions to doses around 1014 ions/cm2. After annealing, the waveguides were formed by the extraordinary refractive index enhancement in the waveguide regions. The effective extraordinary refractive index of the waveguide increased with ion implantation dose. The loss was 0.64 dB/cm in the X-cut sample with an implantation dose of 3.3×1014 ions/cm2. The scattering loss in the Z-cut samples was even lower than that in the X-cut samples. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367312
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties and magneto-optical Kerr effect of Mn/Sb multilayer films on various substrates (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 8035-8037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mn/Sb multilayer films were grown on GaAs (100), Si (100), sapphire (0001), and glass by an ultrahigh vacuum evaporation technique and subsequent annealing for a short duration. Magnetization measurements reveal strong room-temperature ferromagnetism even for unannealed films. After annealing the films show increased saturation magnetization Ms and decreased coercivity Hc. X-ray diffraction and magnetic force microscope patterns show a high-quality crystal structure of MnSb is formed and that the magnetic force distribution becomes uniform. Both polar and longitudinal magneto-optical Kerr rotations were observed for all the annealed films on various substrates and the dependence of the Kerr rotation angle on the magnetic field is similar to the magnetization hysteresis loop. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1370112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of energetic electrons in self-oscillations of a discharge plasma (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 5006-5012 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of energetic electrons in periodic self-oscillations of a discharge plasma has been studied by measuring the spatiotemporal evolution of plasma potential, electron density, and electron velocity distribution function. It is found that the self-oscillation involves the instabilities of sheaths, propagation of a double layer and competition between the ionization, thermalization, and diffusion. The energetic electrons are the key factor which links these processes to form the oscillation cycle. The time interval of each phase in the cycle is estimated according to the physical process and the calculations are in agreement with experimental measurements. The study of the probe perturbation effect on the oscillations indicates that the length of the oscillation period is related to the amount of energetic electrons; the more energetic electrons, the shorter the period. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1406134
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonequilibrium photoresponse of YBa2Cu3O7−x granular films to 8 mm microwave radiation (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 3352-3361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nonequilibrium photoresponse behavior has been investigated for YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) granular films to 8 mm microwave radiation under various bias currents and magnetic fields. The measurements reveal that the nonequilibrium photoresponse mode occurs only in the tail region of the resistance transition curve R(T) from the normal to the superconducting state, where transportation behavior of the granular superconducting film is found to be characterized by the Kosterlitz–Thouless (KT) phase transition model. Based on the KT model, the photoresponse mechanism has been interpreted in terms of the depinning process of the unbinding vortices, which are generated from the decoupling process of the vortex–antivortex pairs by current, and are held at the intrinsic pinning sites of the granular high-Tc superconducting films at low temperature. Under the co-action of the bias current and the incident microwave photons, these unbinding vortices will be driven out of the pinning center, creating viscous motion in the Josephson junction array system. An analytical result of the unbinding vortices density n(T,I) induced by applied current has been worked out based on the model of two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays that is employed as a model system for the YBCO granular films. The distribution of the n(T,I) is found to be analogous to that of the photoresponse measured in the temperature region of 2/3TKT〈T〈TKT. Additionally, the measurements reveal that the magnitude of the photoresponse is linearly increased with an increase of the incident microwave power. These results imply that the nonequilibrium photoresponse induced by microwave irradiation may be intrinsically related to the decoupling process of the vortex–antivortex pairs, as well as to the depinning dynamics of the unbinding vortices in the granular high-Tc superconducting films. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350625
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    State of Magnesia in Magnesia (10.4 mol%)-Doped Zirconia Powder Prepared from Coprecipitation (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: MgO (10.4 mol%)-doped ZrO2 powder, which was prepared by coprecipitation and calcination at 750°C, was leached and milled, respectively. The powders were characterized by Auger electron scanning microprobe and XRD technologies. Only the 2.3 mol% MgO was soluble in ZrO2; it stabilized ZrO2 as the metastable tetragonal phase (crystallite size ∼45 nm) at room temperature. The rest of the MgO (8.1 mol%) existed on the surface of the ZrO2 grains in the prepared powder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00271.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of electrical stress voltage on cathode degradation of organic light-emitting devices (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 976-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Our in situ experimental observations of the influence of electrical stress voltage on organic light-emitting device growth in dark spot areas are presented. We demonstrate the use of microsized silica particles to create uniformly sized defects on the protective layer. This is an efficient way to control the location and the number of dark spots. The growth in dark spot area was studied at different driving voltages from 0 up to 11 V. Dark field microscopy was used to monitor the dark spot size below the turn-on voltage. The bright field was used at or above the turn-on voltage. Our observations indicate that dark spot growth was strongly affected by the electrical stress voltage. A linear growth rate with respect to the voltage was observed with a fitting parameter better than 99.7% when the device is driven above the turn-on voltage. We interpret the dark spot growth in terms of the diffusion of moisture and oxygen accompanied by cathode layer chemical and physical changes. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376669
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MIXED NASH–WALRASIAN EQUILIBRIUM MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS STEALING AND ENDOGENOUS SPECIALIZATION (2004)
    PO Box 378, Carlton South Victoria 3053, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
    Pacific economic review 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  Using a price vector and a conjecture about a population's activities, this paper suggests that a mixed Nash–Walrasian equilibrium (NWE) occurs if, when every individual maximizes her utility under her conjecture, the trading markets and the theft ‘markets’ are all cleared. Thus, in our model the property rights system, instead of giving protection directly to producers, is aimed mainly at discouraging illegal behaviour. As a result, the equilibrium of the economy is seen to depend not only on self-protection and/or the legal system itself, but also on the transportation efficiency of the economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2004.00254.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DIVISIONS OF LABOUR, SPECIALIZATION AND THE ENFORCEMENT OF A SYSTEM OF PROPERTY RIGHTS: A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS (2004)
    PO Box 378, Carlton South Victoria 3053, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
    Pacific economic review 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  This paper uses a model of endogenous theft and endogenous network division of labour to formalize some of the main principles of the economics of the state and to explore related issues concerning why new constitutional rules emerge and evolve. The model suggests that fiscal competition between states facilitates important circular effects, which propel improvements in economic welfare and promote economic growth. In particular, improvements in institutional efficiency expand the demand for transactions, which in turn increases the need for further third-party protection of property rights. We illustrate our results using the growth of the state system in Western Europe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2004.00251.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHINESE INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND THE REDUCTION OF STATE-OWNED SHARES IN CHINA'S LISTED COMPANIES (2004)
    PO Box 378, Carlton South Victoria 3053, Australia : Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
    Pacific economic review 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0106
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract.  Reducing the proportion of state-owned shares (SOSs) in China is a complicated undertaking, related to several issues on the reform agenda such as the strategic reform of the national economy, industrial policies, the sustainable development of listed companies, the evolution of the ownership structure and the establishment of a social security system. By our analysis, since the quantity of SOSs is continuously increasing, it requires thorough and differentiated reduction strategies based on the industrial structure of SOSs, industrial policies, timing issues, etc., and should follow this process all along; i.e. SOSs → key corporations → key industries → state economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2004.00257.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of electrode migration in polymer electroluminescent devices (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 81 (2002), S. 1119-1121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thin 3-nm-thick parylene layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition at room temperature on the indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate to form a bilayer anode of an organic light emitting diode. The parylene layer forms a conformal film to cover the spikes present in the ITO film. This parylene film presents a smoother surface to the subsequent organic layers. The parylene film not only reduces the occurrence of dark spots, acting as a barrier for oxygen diffusion from either the ITO or from the atmosphere and stabilizing the migration of the electrodes during electrical stress, but also improves the injection of holes from the anode. By inserting another parylene layer in between the organic and cathode layers, the probability of formation of nonemissive areas is further reduced. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1498150
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