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  • 1
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    Planetary astronomy (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The authors profile the field of astronomy, identify some of the key scientific questions that can be addressed during the decade of the 1990's, and recommend several facilities that are critically important for answering these questions. Scientific opportunities for the 1990' are discussed. Areas discussed include protoplanetary disks, an inventory of the solar system, primitive material in the solar system, the dynamics of planetary atmospheres, planetary rings and ring dynamics, the composition and structure of the atmospheres of giant planets, the volcanoes of IO, and the mineralogy of the Martian surface. Critical technology developments, proposed projects and facilities, and recommendations for research and facilities are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: National Academy of Sciences(National Research Council, Working Papers: Astronomy and Astrophysics Panel Reports; 21 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Policy opportunities (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: Recommendations are given regarding National Science Foundation (NSF) astronomy programs and the NASA Space Astrophysics program. The role of ground based astronomy is reviewed. The role of National Optical Astronomy Observatories (NOAO) in ground-based night-time astronomical research is discussed. An enhanced Explored Program, costs and management of small and moderate space programs, the role of astrophysics within NASA's space exploration initiative, suborbital and airborne astronomical research, the problems of the Hubble Space Telescope, and astronomy education are discussed. Also covered are policy issues related to the role of science advisory committees, international cooperation and competition, archiving and distribution of astronomical data, and multi-wavelength observations of variable sources.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: National Academy of Sciences(National Research Council, Working Papers: Astronomy and Astrophysics Panel Reports; 18 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Infrared astronomy (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2013-08-31
    Beschreibung: The decade of 1990's presents an opportunity to address fundamental astrophysical issues through observations at IR wavelengths made possible by technological and scientific advances during the last decade. The major elements of recommended program are: the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) and the IR Optimized 8-m Telescope (IRO), a detector and instrumentation program, the SubMilliMeter Mission (SMMM), the 2 Microns All Sky Survey (2MASS), a sound infrastructure, and technology development programs. Also presented are: perspective, science opportunities, technical overview, project recommendations, future directions, and infrastructure.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: National Academy of Sciences(National Research Council, Working Papers: Astronomy and Astrophysics Panel Reports; 21 p
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    The future of space imaging. Report of a community-based study of an advanced camera for the Hubble Space Telescope (1993)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The scientific and technical basis for an Advanced Camera (AC) for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is discussed. In March 1992, the NASA Program Scientist for HST invited the Space Telescope Science Institute to conduct a community-based study of an AC, which would be installed on a scheduled HST servicing mission in 1999. The study had three phases: a broad community survey of views on candidate science program and required performance of the AC, an analysis of technical issues relating to its implementation, and a panel of experts to formulate conclusions and prioritize recommendations. From the assessment of the imaging tasks astronomers have proposed for or desired from HST, we believe the most valuable 1999 instrument would be a camera with both near ultraviolet/optical (NUVO) and far ultraviolet (FUV) sensitivity, and with both wide field and high resolution options.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: NASA-CR-198818 , NAS 1.26:198818
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Temperature of nitrogen ice on Pluto and its implications for flux measurements (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Previous work by K. A. Tryka et al. (1993) has shown that the profile of the 2.148-micron band of solid nitrogen can be used as a 'thermometer' and determined the tempertature of nitrogen ice on Triton to be 38(sup +2)(sub -1) K. Here we reevalute that data and refine the temperature value to 38 +/- 1 K. Applying the same technique to Pluto we determine that the temperature of the N2 ice on that body is 40 +/- 2 K. Using this result we have created a nonisothermal flux model of the Pluto-Charon system. The model treats Pluto as a body with symmetric N2 polar caps and an equatorial region devoid of N2. Comparison with the infrared and millimeter flux measurements shows that the published fluxes are consistent with models incorporating extensive N2 polar caps (down to +/- 15 deg ot +/- 20 deg latitude) and an equatorial region with a bolometric albedo less than or equal to 0.2.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 112; 2; p. 513-527
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Systematic aspects of direct extrasolar planet detection (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: Using the first optical observatory in space, the Hubble Space Telescope, images of possible extrasolar planets will have poor contrast against the background of diffracted and scattered starlight. The very long exposure time required to achieve an adequate signal-to-noise ratio will make their detection infeasible. For a future telescope, a 16-fold increase in either the smoothness of the collecting area of the optics would reduce the exposure time to a tolerable value, but the contrast would remain low and the required photometric precision high. In this situation, the feasibility of detection would be contingent on the careful identification and control of systematic errors.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Bioastronomy - The next steps; Jun 22, 1987 - Jun 27, 1987; Balaton; Hungary
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Imaging other planetary systems from the moon (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: This paper studies the problem of using a telescope like the HST, only larger and sensitive to a wider range of wavelengths, to image systems of planets like the solar system around other stars. Both reflected starlight and thermal radiation from the planets are treated. The instrumental effects of aperture diffraction, scattering due to the power spectral density of telescope mirror surface errors, and telescope thermal emission are included. The integration time required to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio is computed at 5 for photon-statistical random errors only, which is a necessary but not sufficient criterion for detection at a confidence level of five standard deviations. A cold telescope on the moon with 16m aperture and the optical quality of HST could detect and characterize planets around nearby stars.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Astrophysics from the Moon; Feb 05, 1990 - Feb 07, 1990; Annapolis, MD; United States
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Space optics for studying extra-solar planetary systems (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-13
    Beschreibung: The sharp imaging of telescopes in space will improve the ability to see faint objects near bright ones. One exciting application is the search for planets around other stars. However, because a planet is, at best, 10 exp 9 times fainter than a star in visible light, specialized optical systems are required. Using apodization to remove diffracted light, the limiting source of noise is the intensity of starlight scattered by mirror figure errors. Based on the prelaunch metrology of the HST mirrors, and considering only photonstatistics, months of integration would be needed for HST to detect Jupiter next to the sun at a distance of 5 pc. The integration times will be shorter for future telescopes in space with smoother mirrors and/or larger apertures.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: International Symposium on Space Technology and Science; May 20, 1990 - May 25, 1990; Tokyo; Japan
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Space Station Freedom - A resource for aerospace education (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: The role of the International Space Station in future U.S. aerospace education efforts is discussed from a NASA perspective. The overall design concept and scientific and technological goals of the Space Station are reviewed, and particular attention is given to education projects such as the Davis Planetarium Student Space Station, the Starship McCullough, the Space Habitat, the working Space Station model in Austin, TX, the Challenger Center for Space Life Education, Space M+A+X, and the Space Science Student Involvement Program. Also examined are learning-theory aspects of aerospace education: child vs adult learners, educational objectives, teaching methods, and instructional materials.
    Schlagwort(e): SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Materialart: IAF PAPER 88-467
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Voyager observations of 1985U1 (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Beschreibung: During its discovery of the 75-km average diameter Uranian satellite 1985U1, between the epsilon ring and Miranda, Voyager was able to resolve this irregularly shaped satellite in sufficiently great detail to allow the determination of its size, shape, and photometric properties. It is presently noted that 1985U1's albedo, at between 0.07 and 0.09, is both substantially lower than those obtained for the large Uranian satellites and slightly higher than that of the Saturn moon, Phoebe. A V-system opposition magnitude of about +20.5 is conjectured.
    Schlagwort(e): ASTRONOMY
    Materialart: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 72; 79-83
    Format: text
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