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  • 1
    Call number: M 98.0401
    In: Paperback APV / International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 254 S.
    ISBN: 380471465X
    Series Statement: Paperback APV / International Association for Pharmaceutical Technology Bd. 37
    Classification:
    Chemistry
    Language: German
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Call number: SR 90.0010(22)
    In: Clausthaler geologische Abhandlungen
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: 146 S + 1 Kt.-Beil., 6 Beil.
    Series Statement: Clausthaler geologische Abhandlungen 22
    Language: German
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Freshwater biology 21 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY. 1. Standard hemispheres of identical size and surface but different densities were exposed on a horizontal plane at the bottom of streams. The heaviest hemisphere moved was used as an indicator of flow conditions close to the substrate.2. Techniques of manufacture, maintenance, and use of the equipment were considered in detail.3. The method was an easily applicable and integrated indicator of key hydraulic characteristics (turbulence or force of flow prevailing at the stream bottom) previously measured in lotic benthos research, and can replace these more laborious techniques.4. The hemispheres enabled a rapid flow characterization in stream reaches, in smaller areas where the benthos was being quantitatively sampled, and in en/exclosure cages used in experimental studies.5. The method also has the potential to characterize and compare physics of flow in individual running water segments with regard to frequencies and intensities of disturbances caused by long-term variations in discharge.6. The hemispheres could be used as a standard in benthic research. since they offer a well defined scale that is directly comparable not only between studies in running waters but also in wave-exposed shores of lakes and oceans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9648
    Keywords: Neural networks ; Combustion control ; Spark ignition ; Internal combustion engines ; Automotive applications
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To be able to meet the demands of low emissions and fuel consumption ofmodern combustion engines, new ways have to be found to control thecombustion. We use new sensors to measure the pressure in the combustionchamber and analyze this signal with a neural network in order to receiveseveral form factors which can be used to control the ignition timing. Theneural network is trained off line with measured data and used on line toderive the form factors. The proposed algorithm can be computed in real timeon conventional digital signal processors and adapted to new engines withvery little effort.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: polystyrene particles ; fluorescent labelling ; phagocytic uptake ; hydrophobicity ; protein adsorption ; 2-D PAGE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. To investigate the influence of fluorescent labelling of polystyrene particles on phagocytic uptake, surface hydrophobicity and protein adsorption. Methods. Phagocytic uptake was analysed using chemiluminescence. Hydrophobicity was quantified by adsorption measurements of a hydrophobic dye. Protein adsorption was evaluated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Results. Commercially available fluorescently labelled particles showed marked differences when compared to unlabelled particles: phagocytic uptake and surface hydrophobicity of labelled particles were diminished. Also the plasma protein adsorption pattern was found to be different from the unlabelled particles: for example, the amount of fibrinogen adsorbed was strongly reduced on the labelled particles. On the other hand, some unknown proteins could be detected on the fluorescently marked particles. In contrast, plain polystyrene particles and labelled ones could be successfully synthesised by Paulke which did not show any considerable differences in phagocytic uptake, surface hydrophobicity and protein adsorption. Polysorbate 20 added as stabilizer to particle suspensions led to completely different behaviour of the particles: the particles showed altered protein adsorption patterns, dominated by immunoglobulins and especially by apolipoproteins. Furthermore, these particles were not phagocytized at all. Conclusions. Surface hydrophobicity and phagocytic uptake in vitro as well as the interactions with plasma proteins of commercially available polystyrene particles were strongly affected by fluorescent labelling. Particles synthesised by Paulke remained unchanged after labelling. The results show the importance of thorough surface characterization for using particles in test systems in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: solid lipid nanoparticles ; cytotoxicity ; HL60 cells ; poloxamer ; Tween 80 ; sodium dodecyl sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. Assessment of the in vitro cytotoxicity of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a function of lipid matrix (Dynasan 114, Compritol ATO 888), and stabilizing surfactant (poloxamers, Tween 80, soya lecithin, and sodium dodecyl sulphate). Comparison with other colloidal carriers should determine their potential use in the clinic. Methods. SLNs were produced by high pressure homogenisation. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring the viability of HL60 cells and human granulocytes after incubation with SLNs. Particle internalisation was quantified by chemiluminescence measurements. Results. The nature of the lipid had no effect on viability; distinct differences were found for the surfactants. Binding to the SLN surface reduced markedly the cytotoxic effect of the surfactants, e.g., up to a factor of 65 for poloxamer 184. The permanent HL60 cell line— differentiated from cells with granulocyte characteristics by retinoic acid treatment—yielded results identical to freshly isolated human granulocytes. In general, the SLNs showed a lower cytotoxicity compared to polyalkylcyanoacrylate and polylactic/glycolic acid (PLA/ GA) nanoparticles. Conclusions. Because the results are identical when using human granulocytes, differentiated HL60 cells can be used as an easily accessible in vitro test system for i.v. injectable SLN formulations. The SLNs appear suitable as a drug carrier system for potential intravenous use due to their very low cytotoxicityin vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: iron oxides ; sample preparation ; 2-D PAGE ; plasma protein adsorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the sample preparation on the plasma protein adsorption pattern of polysaccharide-stabilized iron oxide particles by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). Methods. The iron oxide particles were incubated in vitro in human plasma for five minutes. Thereafter, four different methods for particle recovery, including adsorbed proteins from surplus plasma, were investigated: centrifugation, magnetic separation, gel filtration and membrane-based static microfiltration. Adsorbed proteins were desorbed from the particle surfaces by surfactants and analyzed by 2-D PAGE, as described elsewhere (1,2). Results. All the techniques investigated were able to separate small-size iron oxides (approx. 110 nm) and adsorbed proteins from excess plasma. The gels obtained by the different separation procedures displayed almost identical adsorption patterns. Major proteins identified were: fibrinogen, IgG, albumin and an unclassified protein of about 70 kDa with a pI value of 6.5−7.5. Conclusions. Centrifugation was regarded as the most suitable separation method due to its speed and ease of use. In contrast to gel filtration, any washing media can be used. The magnetic separation process is restricted to particles with high inducible magnetic saturation, in particular, to iron oxides with overall sizes 〉 50 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 3910-3919 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XXXII. Preparation of Dinuclear Complexes via Organometal ArsinesThe organometal arsines M — As(CH3)2 [M=C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)3W, C5H5(CO)2Fe] react with metal carbonyls M′— CO [M′=Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mn(CO)2C5H5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, Co(CO)2NO and Ni(CO)3] in the usual manner to form the dinuclear complexes M — As(CH3)2 — M′ (2-4). Upon reaction with Co(CO)2C5H5 further CO elimination occurs with direct formation of arsenic-bridged complexes with metal-metal bonds (5a, b). Attempts to convert the dinuclear complexes M — As(CH3)2 — M′ photochemically into complexes with metal-metal bonds were successful only in the cases already known.
    Notes: Die Organometall-Arsine M—As(CH3)2 [M=C5H5(CO)3Mo, C5H5(CO)3W und C5H5(CO)2Fe] reagieren mit Metallcarbonylen M′— CO [M′= Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mn(CO)2C5H5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, Co(CO)2NO und Ni(CO)3] nach üblichen Verfahren unter Bildung der Zweikernkomplexe M — As(CH3)2 — M′ (2-4). Bei Umsetzung mit Co(CO)2C5H5 bilden sich unter weiterer CO-Abspaltung direkt arsenverbrückte Komplexe mit Metall-Metall-Bindungen (5a, b). Versuche zur photochemischen Umwandlung der Zweikernkomplexe M — As(CH3)2 — M′ in Komplexe mit Metall-Metall-Bindung waren nur für die bereits bekannten Fälle erfolgreich.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3539-3549 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLII. Cleavage of Fe—Co- and Fe—Mn Bonds by Carbonylmetal DimethylarsenidesWith the new carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides of the Mn—As, Re—As, Fe—As, and Co—As type the metal-metal bonds of the arsenic bridged dinuclear complexes FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) and FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) could be cleaved. Thus 26 chain-like trinuclear complexes with M—As—M—As—M frameworks were obtained. If these contained As—Mn—P or As—Mn—As units, they occurred with cis and/or trans configuration at manganese. From the Fe—Co compound and (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 in a side reaction the tetranuclear complex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)4—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13) was formed.
    Notes: Mit den neuen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarseniden vom Mn—As-, Re—As-, Fe—As- und Co—As-Typ ließen sich die Metall-Metall-Bindungen der arsenverbrückten Zweikernkomplexe FeMn(CO)8(μ-AsMe2) und FeCo(CO)7(μ-AsMe2) spalten. Es wurden so 26 kettenförmige Dreikernkomplexe mit M—As—M—As—M-Gerüst gewonnen. Wenn diese As—Mn—P- oder As—Mn—As-Einheiten enthielten, traten sie mit cis- und/oder trans-Konfiguration am Mangan auf. Aus der Fe—Co-Verbindung und (CO)5Mn—AsMe2 entstand in einer Nebenreaktion der Vierkernkomplex (CO)4Fe—AsMe2—Co(CO)3—AsMe2—Mn(CO)47—AsMe2—Mn(CO)5 (13).
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 113 (1980), S. 3517-3538 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Organometallic Lewis Bases, XLI. New Carbonylmetal Dimethylarsenides: Preparation and Formation of Dinuclear ComplexesThe carbonylmetal dimethylarsenides M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3, and (CO)4Co 4), which decompose at low temperatures, were prepared from the corresponding carbonyl metalates and Me2AsCl and except for 3 characterized by subsequent reactions. Thermally more stable derivatives thereof in which one or two CO groups are replaced by PR3 ligands could be obtained by using the phosphane-substituted carbonyl metalates or starting from 1-4 by substitution. With the exception of 3 and 4, all these organometallic Lewis bases could be fixed to carbonylmetal fragments. Thus numerous dinuclear complexes of the type M - ;AsMe2—M′ with M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2, and Co(CO)2NO, some of which were known, were accessible.
    Notes: Die bei tiefer Temperatur zersetzlichen Carbonylmetall-dimethylarsenide M—AsMe2 (M = (CO)5Mn 1, (CO)5Re 2, (CO)3NOFe 3 und (CO)4Co 4) wurden aus dem betreffenden Carbonyl-metallat und Me2AsCl dargestellt und bis auf 3 durch Folgereaktionen charakterisiert. Thermisch stabilere Derivate davon, in denen eine oder zwei CO-Gruppen durch PR3-Liganden ersetzt sind, ließen sich durch Einsatz der phosphansubstituierten Carbonylmetallate oder ausgehend von 1-4 durch Substitution gewinnen. Mit Ausnahme von 3 und 4 ließen sich alle diese metallorganischen Lewis-Basen an Carbonylmetall-Fragmente fixieren. Dadurch wurden zahlreiche z. T. bekannte Zweikernkomplexe des Typs M—AsMe2—M′ mit M′ = Cr(CO)5, W(CO)5, Fe(CO)4, Fe(CO)(NO)2 und Co(CO)2NO zugänglich.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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