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  • 1
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Monograph non-lending collection
    Leipzig : Engelmann
    Call number: H O 269
    Type of Medium: Monograph non-lending collection
    Pages: X, 748 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Edition: 3. Aufl.
    Uniform Title: Popular astronomy
    Language: German
    Location: Pendulum room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2015-05-16
    Description: In porous media, the nonwetting phase is trapped on water saturation due to capillary forces acting in a heterogeneous porous structure. Within the capillary fringe, the gas phase is trapped and released along with the fluctuation of the water table, creating a highly active zone for biological transformations and mass transport. We conducted column experiments to observe and quantify the magnitude and structure of the trapped gas phase at the pore scale using computed microtomography. Different grain size distributions of glass beads were used to study the effect of the pore structure on trapping at various capillary numbers. Viscous forces were found to have negligible impact on phase trapping compared with capillary and buoyancy forces. Residual gas saturations ranged from 0.5 to 10%, while residual saturation increased with decreasing grain size. The gas phase was trapped by snap-off in single pores but also in pore clusters, while this single-pore trapping was dominant for grains larger than 1 mm in diameter. Gas surface area was found to increase linearly with increasing gas volume and with decreasing grain size.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-03-16
    Description: Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) are highly aggressive tumors of childhood that are almost universally fatal. Our understanding of this devastating cancer is limited by a dearth of available tissue for study and by the lack of a faithful animal model. Intriguingly, DIPGs are restricted to the ventral pons and occur during a narrow window of middle childhood, suggesting dysregulation of a postnatal neurodevelopmental process. Here, we report the identification of a previously undescribed population of immunophenotypic neural precursor cells in the human and murine brainstem whose temporal and spatial distributions correlate closely with the incidence of DIPG and highlight a candidate cell of origin. Using early postmortem DIPG tumor tissue, we have established in vitro and xenograft models and find that the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway implicated in many developmental and oncogenic processes is active in DIPG tumor cells. Modulation of Hh pathway activity has functional consequences for DIPG self-renewal capacity in neurosphere culture. The Hh pathway also appears to be active in normal ventral pontine precursor-like cells of the mouse, and unregulated pathway activity results in hypertrophy of the ventral pons. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular origins of DIPG, and suggest that the Hh pathway represents a potential therapeutic target in this devastating pediatric tumor.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 4
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    Springer
    In:  Berlin, Springer, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Publication Date: 1977
    Keywords: Textbook of physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-06-17
    Description: We investigated the inflammatory response, acute phase response and genotoxic effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs, NIST1650b) following a single intratracheal instillation. C57BL/6J BomTac mice received 18, 54 or 162 µg/mouse and were killed 1, 3 and 28 days post-exposure. Vehicle controls and the benchmark particle carbon black (CB, Printex 90; 162 µg/mouse) were tested alongside for comparison. The cellular composition and protein concentration were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as markers for an inflammatory response. Pulmonary and systemic genotoxicity was analysed by the alkaline comet assay as DNA strand breaks in BAL cells, lung and liver tissue. The pulmonary acute phase response was analysed by Saa3 mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Instillation of DEP induced a strong neutrophil influx 1 and 3 days, but not 28 days post-exposure. Saa3 mRNA levels were increased at all time point for the highest dose and 28 days post-exposure for the middle dose. DEP increased levels of DNA strand breaks in lung tissue for all doses 1 day post-exposure and after 28 days for mid- and high-dose groups. Pulmonary exposure to DEP induced transient inflammation but long-lasting pulmonary acute phase response as well as genotoxicity in lung tissue 28 days post-exposure. The observed long-term pulmonary genotoxicity by DEP was less than the previously observed genotoxicity for CB using identical experimental set-up.
    Print ISSN: 0267-8357
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3804
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-06-18
    Description: Author(s): A. Kartavtsev, G. Raffelt, and H. Vogel Neutrinos propagating in media (matter and electromagnetic fields) undergo flavor and helicity oscillations, where helicity transitions are instigated both by electromagnetic fields and matter currents. In addition, it has been shown that correlations between neutrinos and antineutrinos of opposite ... [Phys. Rev. D 91, 125020] Published Tue Jun 16, 2015
    Keywords: Field Theory, Formal Particle Theory
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Mineral dust is a key player in the Earth system that affects the weather and climate through absorbing and scattering the radiation. Such effects strongly depend on the optical properties of the particles that are in turn affected by the particle shape. For simplicity, dust particles are usually assumed to be spherical. But this assumption can lead to large errors in modeling and remote sensing applications. This study investigates the impact of dust particle shape on its direct radiative effect in a next‐generation atmospheric modeling system ICON‐ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic with Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) to verify if accounting for non‐sphericity enhances the model‐observation agreement. Two sets of numerical experiments are conducted by changing the optical shape of the particles: one assuming spherical particles and the other one assuming a mixture of 35 randomly oriented tri‐axial ellipsoids. The simulations are compared to MISR, AERONET and CALIPSO observations (with focus on North Africa). The results show that consideration of particle non‐sphericity increases the dust AOD at 550 nm by up to 28% and leads to slight enhancement of the agreement between modeled and measured AOD. However, the model performance varies significantly when focusing on specific regions in North Africa. These differences stem from the uncertainties associated with particle size distribution and emission mechanisms in the model configuration. Regarding the attenuated backscatter, the simulated profile assuming non‐sphericity differs by a factor of 2 to 5 from the experiment assuming spherical dust, and is in a better agreement with the CALIPSO observations.
    Print ISSN: 2169-897X
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-8996
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1998-04-29
    Description: Lateral force microscopy in the wearless regime was used to study the friction behavior of a lipid monolayer on mica. In the monolayer, condensed domains with long-range orientational order of the lipid molecules were present. The domains revealed unexpectedly strong friction anisotropies and non-negligible friction asymmetries. The angular dependency of these effects correlated well with the tilt direction of the alkyl chains of the monolayer, as determined by electron diffraction and Brewster angle microscopy. The molecular tilt causing these frictional effects was less than 15 degrees, demonstrating that even small molecular tilts can make a major contribution to friction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liley -- Gourdon -- Stamou -- Meseth -- Fischer -- Lautz -- Stahlberg -- Vogel -- Burnham -- Duschl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Apr 10;280(5361):273-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. Liley, D. Stamou, U. Meseth, H. Vogel, C. Duschl, Department of Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. D. Gourdon and N. A. Burnham, Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9535654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-05-21
    Description: Invasive species that proliferate after colonizing new habitats have a negative environmental and economic impact. The reason why some species become successful invaders, whereas others, even closely related species, remain noninvasive is often unclear. The harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis, introduced for biological pest control, has become an invader that is outcompeting indigenous ladybird species in many countries. Here, we show that Harmonia carries abundant spores of obligate parasitic microsporidia closely related to Nosema thompsoni. These microsporidia, while not harming the carrier Harmonia, are lethal pathogens for the native ladybird Coccinella septempunctata. We propose that intraguild predation, representing a major selective force among competing ladybird species, causes the infection and ultimate death of native ladybirds when they feed on microsporidia-contaminated Harmonia eggs or larvae.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vilcinskas, Andreas -- Stoecker, Kilian -- Schmidtberg, Henrike -- Rohrich, Christian R -- Vogel, Heiko -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 17;340(6134):862-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1234032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. andreas.vilcinskas@agrar.uni-giessen.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23687046" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beetles/*parasitology/*physiology ; *Food Chain ; Hemocytes/parasitology ; Hemolymph/parasitology ; *Introduced Species ; Nosema/*physiology/ultrastructure
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Myelination of the central nervous system requires the generation of functionally mature oligodendrocytes from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Electrically active neurons may influence OPC function and selectively instruct myelination of an active neural circuit. In this work, we use optogenetic stimulation of the premotor cortex in awake, behaving mice to demonstrate that neuronal activity elicits a mitogenic response of neural progenitor cells and OPCs, promotes oligodendrogenesis, and increases myelination within the deep layers of the premotor cortex and subcortical white matter. We further show that this neuronal activity-regulated oligodendrogenesis and myelination is associated with improved motor function of the corresponding limb. Oligodendrogenesis and myelination appear necessary for the observed functional improvement, as epigenetic blockade of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin changes prevents the activity-regulated behavioral improvement.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4096908/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gibson, Erin M -- Purger, David -- Mount, Christopher W -- Goldstein, Andrea K -- Lin, Grant L -- Wood, Lauren S -- Inema, Ingrid -- Miller, Sarah E -- Bieri, Gregor -- Zuchero, J Bradley -- Barres, Ben A -- Woo, Pamelyn J -- Vogel, Hannes -- Monje, Michelle -- 1S10RR02678001/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- K08 NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- K08NS070926/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY10257/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- T32 MH020016/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025744/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 2;344(6183):1252304. doi: 10.1126/science.1252304. Epub 2014 Apr 10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Pediatrics, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24727982" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Thy-1/genetics ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cell Proliferation ; Corpus Callosum/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Motor Activity/physiology ; Motor Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Myelin Sheath/*metabolism ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/*metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Oligodendroglia/*cytology ; Rhodopsin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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