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  • 1
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    Chesapeake Biological Laboratory | Solomons Island, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/12402 | 130 | 2014-02-08 01:09:02 | 12402 | University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Most Copepoda pass through, first, a series of nauplius stages, and then through a series of copepodid stages (or cyclops stages), in which the general form of the adult is assumed. ... In the first place, the differentiation between the larvae of the various copepod species to be found in the plankton, both marine and fresh water, greatly augments the value and accuracy of quantitative and qualitative plankton analyses, because many species spend a large portion of their life span in an immature condition. In the second place, the taxonomy of the Copepoda is admittedly not completely satisfactory ...
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52
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  • 2
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15224 | 403 | 2014-06-01 18:58:57 | 15224 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: The vertical and horizontal movements of southern bluefin tuna (SBT), Thunnus maccoyii, in the Great Australian Bight were investigated by ultrasonic telemetry. Between 1992 and 1994, sixteen tuna were tracked for up to 49 h with depth or combined temperature-depth transmitting tags. The average swimming speeds (measured over the ground) over entire tracks ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 m/s or 0.5 to 1.4 body lengths/s. The highest sustained swimming speed recorded was 2.5 m/s for 18 hours. Horizontal movements were often associated with topographical features such as lumps, reefs, islands and the shelf break. They spent long periods of time at the surface during the day (nearly 30%), which would facilitate abundance estimation by aerial survey. At night, they tended to remain just below the surface, but many remained in the upper 10 m throughout the night. SBT were often observed at the thermocline interface or at the surface while travelling. A characteristic feature of many tracks was sudden dives before dawn and after sunset during twilight, followed by a gradual return to their originaldepth. It is suggested that this is a behavior evolved to locate the scattering layer and its associated prey whenSBT are in waters of sufficient depth. SBT maintained a difference between stomach and ambient temperature of up to 9°C.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Management
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 448-465
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  • 3
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/7472 | 704 | 2011-12-07 13:58:35 | 7472 | Fundacion Charles Darwin Foundation
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Keywords: Biology ; Conservation ; Cactospiza pallida ; woodpecker finch ; foraging behaviour ; diet ; tool use ; Isla Santa Cruz ; Galápagos
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 2-8
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  • 4
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8795 | 403 | 2012-06-11 18:30:29 | 8795 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: A ssur ing the v itality and survival potential of live-caught Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is important for improving the sorting of fish before net penning operationsdesigned to hold fish for growth and later market. When Atlantic cod are captured by Danish seine, the most commonly used fishing gear for live-caught fish, they undergo stressors such as forced swimming, net abrasion,and air exposure. Laboratory experiments (at an air temperature of 9°C and water temperature of 8°C) were conducted with the aim of constructing a RAMP (reflex actionmortality predictor) curve for prediction of vitality and survival potential in Atlantic cod captured in Danishseines, by varying the levels of these stressors. Atlantic cod exposed to increased duration in air (5–20 min) showed increased reflex impairment and mortality, with 75% mortality at 10 minutes of air exposure. Forced swimming in combination with net abrasion and air exposure did notincrease reflex impairment or mortality above that associated with air exposure alone. The Atlantic cod RAMP curves indicated that fish with reflex impairment less than 50% would not show mortality and would likely recover from capture stress.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 395-402
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  • 5
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8816 | 403 | 2012-06-12 17:56:00 | 8816 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Delayed mortality associated with discarded crabs andfishes has ordinarily been observed through tag and recovery studies or during prolonged holding in decktanks, and there is need for a more efficient assessment method. Chionoecetes bairdi (Tanner crab) and C. opilio (snow crab) collected with bottom trawls in Bering Sea waters off Alaska were evaluated for reflexes and injuries and held onboard to track mortality. Presence or absence of six reflex actions was determined and combined to calculate a reflex impairment index for each species. Logistic regression revealed that reflex impairment provided an excellent predictor of delayed mortality in C. opilio (91% correct predictions). For C. bairdi, reflex impairment, along with injury score, resulted in 82.7% correct predictions of mortality, and reflex impairment alone resulted in 79.5% correct predictions. The relationshipsbetween reflex impairment score and mortality were independent of crab gender, size, and shell condition, and predicted mortality in crabs with no obvious externaldamage. These relationships provide substantial improvement over earlier predictors of mortality and will help to increase the scope and replication of fishing and handling experiments. The general approach of using reflex actions to predict mortality should be equally valuable for a wide range of crustacean species.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 337-347
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  • 6
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8824 | 403 | 2012-06-12 17:55:03 | 8824 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Demersal fishes hauled up from depth experience rapid decompression. In physoclists, this can cause overexpansion of the swim bladder and resultant injuries to multipleorgans (barotrauma), including severe exophthalmia (“pop-eye”). Before release, fishes can also be subjected to asphyxia and exposure to direct sunlight. Little is known, however, about possible sensory deficits resulting from the events accompanying capture. To address this issue, electroretinography was used to measure the changes in retinal light sensitivity, flicker fusion frequency, and spectral sensitivity in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) subjected to rapid decompression (from 4 atmospheres absolute [ATA] to 1 ATA) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) exposed to 15 minutes of simulated sunlight.Rapid decompression had no measurable influence on retinal function in black rockfish. In contrast, exposure to bright light significantly reduced retinal light sensitivity of Pacific halibut, predominately by affecting the photopigment which absorbs the green wavelengths of light (≈520–580 nm) most strongly. This detriment is likely to have severe consequences for postrelease foraging success ingreen-wavelength-dominated coastal waters. The visual system of Pacific halibut has characteristics typical ofspecies adapted to low light environments, and these characteristics may underlie their vulnerability to injuryfrom exposure to bright light.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 427-437
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  • 7
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8896 | 403 | 2012-06-18 09:32:57 | 8896 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: Nearshore fisheries in the tropical Pacific play an important role, both culturally and as a reliable source of food security, but often remain under-reported in statistics, leading to undervaluation of their importance to communities. We re-estimated nonpelagic catches for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), and summarize previous work for American Samoa for 1950−2002. For all islands combined, catches declined by 77%, contrasting with increasing trends indicated by reported data. For individual island entities, re-estima-tion suggested declines of 86%, 54%, and 79% for Guam, CNMI, and American Samoa, respectively. Except for Guam, reported data primarily represented commercial catches, and hence under-represented contributions by subsistence and recreational fisheries. Guam’s consistent use of creel surveys for data collection resulted in the most reliable reported catches for any of the islands considered. Our re-estimation makes the scale of under-reporting of total catches evident, and provides valuable baselines of likely historic patterns in fisheries catches.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 266-277
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  • 8
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8992 | 403 | 2012-08-03 18:32:02 | 8992 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: Horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) is harvested commercially, used by the biomedical industry, and provides food for migrating shorebirds, particularly in Delaware Bay. Recently, decreasing crab population trends in this region have raised concerns that the stock may be insufficient to fulfill the needs of these diverse user groups. To assess the Delaware Bay horseshoe crab population, we used surplus production models (programmed in ASPIC), which incorporated data from fishery-independent surveys, fishery-dependent catch-per-unit-of-effort data, and regional harvest. Results showed a depleted population (B2003/=0.03−0.71)BMSYand high relative fishing mortality /FMSY=0.9−9.5). Future harvest (F2002strategies for a 15-year period were evaluated by using population projections with ASPICP software. Under 2003 harvest levels (1356 t), population recovery to BMSY would take at least four years, and four of the seven models predicted that the population would not reach BMSY within the 15year period. Production models for horseshoe crab assessment provided management benchmarks for a species with limited data and no prior stock assessment
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 215-225
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  • 9
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1610 | 3 | 2011-09-29 20:18:05 | 1610 | Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A study was conducted on a small pond in southeast Texasto evaluate the potential for using remote sensing technologyto assess feeding damage on giant salvinia (Salvinia molestaMitchell) by the salvinia weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniaeCalderand Sands). Field spectral measurements showed that moderatelydamaged and severely damaged plants had lower visibleand near-infrared reflectance values than healthy plants.Healthy, moderately damaged, and severely damaged giantsalvinia plants could be differentiated in an aerial color-infraredphotograph of the study site. Computer analysis of thephotograph showed that the three damage level classescould be quantified. (PDF has 5 pages.)
    Keywords: Management ; Biology ; Limnology ; light reflectance ; color-infrared photography ; Salvinia molesta ; Cyrtobagous salviniae ; biocontrol ; lakes ; Texas ; Bridge City
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 76-80
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  • 10
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    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1747 | 200 | 2011-09-29 20:10:07 | 1747 | Aquatic Plant Management Society, Inc.
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) is an invasive aquatic fern that has been discovered at several locations in southeast Texas. Field reflectance measurements were made on two classes of giant salvinia [green giant salvinia (green foliage) and senesced giant salvinia (mixture of green and brown foliage)] and several associated species. Reflectance measurements showed that green giant salvinia could be best distinguished at the visible green wavelength, whereas senesced giant salvinia could generally be best separated at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength. Green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia could be detected on color-infrared (CIR) aerial photographs where them had pink and grayish-pink or olive-green image responses, respectively. Both classes of giant salvinia could be distinguished in reflectance measurements made on multiple dates and at several locations in southeast Texas. Likewise, they could he detected in CIR photographs obtained on several dates and at widely separated locations. Computer analysis of a CIR photographic transparency showed that green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia populations could he quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed an overall accuracy of 87.0%.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Management ; Biology ; Environment ; Light reflectance ; color-infrared photography ; accuracy assessment ; Salvinia molesta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11-16
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