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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (854)
  • 1980-1984  (854)
  • 1940-1944
  • 21
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    Volcanic hotspots on Io - Stability and longitudinal distribution (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first results of a program to determine the longitudinal distribution of volcanic activity on Jupiter's satellite Io are presented. Infrared measurements at 8.7, 10, and 20 micrometers have been taken at a variety of orbital longitudes: strong variation in the 8.7- and 10-micrometer flux with longitude demonstrates that infrared emission arising from volcanic hotspots on Io is strongly concentrated in a few locations. Analysis of these data suggests that the active volcanic regions observed by the Voyager experimenters are still active, particularly the region around the feature known as Loki. Another source of flux, although of somewhat smaller magnitude, is indicated on the opposite hemisphere. If these sources are the only major volcanic centers on Io, then current global heat flow estimates must be revised downward. However, heat flow from as yet unobserved longitudes, hotspots at high latitudes, and conducted heat flow must still be measured.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 226; 134-137
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 22
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    Noble gas contents of shergottites and implications for the Martian origin of SNC meteorites (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Three meteorites belonging to the rare group of SNC achondrites, which may have originated in the planet Mars, have been subjected to noble gas isotopic concentration measurements. The elemental and isotopic ratios obtained are unlike those for any other noble gas components except those obtained in analyses of the Martian atmosphere by Viking spacecraft. It is hypothesized that the Kr and Xe gases represent a portion of the Martian atmosphere which was shock-implanted in the case of Elephant Moraine A79001, and that they constitute direct evidence of a Martian origin for the shergottite meteorites. If the SNC meteorites were ejected from Mars at the shergottite shock age of about 180 My ago, they must have been objects more than 6 m in diameter which experienced at least three space collisions to initiate cosmic ray exposure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 48; 1723-173
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 23
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    Titan's magnetospheric interaction (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Voyager 1 encounter data are used to theoretically examine the interaction of Titan with the solar wind, the Saturn magnetosheath and the Saturn magnetosphere. The spacecraft data comprised magnetometer, plasma wave, radio signal and charged particle measurements. Attention is given to the Alfven (1.9) and Mach (0.57) numbers detected in the Saturn magnetosheath, along with a fast hydrodynamic Mach number of 0.55. Incident plasma interacted with the Titan atmosphere and produced a magnetosphere through mass capture and field-line draping. The tail region was loaded with N(+) and N2(+)/H2CN(+) ions instead of the strong H(+) signals typical of other regions. The magnetotail featured four lobes, and the Titan atmosphere was calculated to lose 10 to the 24th ions/sec. Finally, the Titan internal rotationally aligned magnetic field has an estimated strength of 7 x 10 to the 20th gauss/cu cm.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 24
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    Absolute spectrophotometry of Titan, Uranus, and Neptune 3500-10,500 A (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The present absolute measurements of Titan, Uranus and Neptune geometric albedo spectra in the 3500-10,500 A range have a resolution of about 7 A, together with high SNR, in virtue of the exceptional effeciency of the spectrograph and Reticon detector employed. The high precision and spectral resolution of the data, which are in excellent agreement with the Uranus albedo measurements of Lockwood et al. (1983), make possible quantitative measurements of the effects of Raman scattering by H2 in the Uranus and Neptune atmospheres.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 60; 221-235
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  • 25
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    Cloud morphology and motions from Pioneer Venus images (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The horizontal and vertical cloud structures, atmospheric waves, and wind velocities at the cloud top level were determined by the Pioneer Venus photopolarimeter images in the UV from January through March 1979. The images indicate long-term evolution of cloud characteristics, the atmospheric dynamics, and rapid small changes in cloud morphology. The clouds show a globally coordinated oscillation relative to latitude circles; retrograde zonal winds of 100 m/s near the equator are determined from the tracking of small-scale cloud properties, but two hemispheres show important variations. The zonal wind velocity in the southern hemisphere is reduced toward the poles at a rate similar to solid body rotation; the midlatitude jet stream noted by Mariner 10 is not observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 26
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    Pioneer Venus plasma observations of the solar wind-Venus interaction (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Collection of data from the Ames plasma analyzer on the Pioneer Venus orbiter has permitted long-term measurements of the interaction of the solar wind with Venus. The paper presents a mapping of the ionosheath flow field, plasma measurements in the distant ionosheath and near the distant plasma cavity, and a summary of observations of jumps in the solar wind proton parameters across Venus' bow shock. Also, the apparent detection of ionospheric O(+) accelerated up to solar wind speeds downstream in Venus' ionosheath is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 27
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    Comparative aspects of Venus and terrestrial meteorology (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The observations and measurements made by Pioneer Venus orbiters are presented in terms of comparison of Venus and terrestrial meteorology. Although the temperature-pressure profiles of the two planets differ at lower altitudes, the temperatures are similar over their common range of pressures except for a much cooler mesosphere on Venus. The additional similarities between the earth and Venus relate to the warm polar stratospheres and the zonally-averaged energy budgets of the two planets. A difference in the mean radiation budgets for Venus is the relative smallness of the upward and downward thermal flux components. It is noted that the observed similarities reflect common mechanisms despite the difference in the dynamical regimes of the two planets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Weather; 36; Feb. 198
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  • 28
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    Comment on absorbing regions in the atmosphere of Venus as measured by radio occultation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 44; Dec. 198
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  • 29
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    Dynamics of field-aligned current sources at earth and Jupiter (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper examines several mechanisms for generation of field-aligned currents in the magnetospheres of earth and Jupiter. Implications for planetary radio emission in relation to field-aligned current systems are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 30
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    Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for Doppler-limited studies of atomic and molecular lines in diverse astrophysical regions. The current state of the art is reviewed, and the analysis of CO2 lines in the atmosphere of Mars is outlined. Doppler-limited observations have enabled the discovery of natural laser emission in the mesosphere of Mars and the discovery of failure of local thermodynamic equilibrium near the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Optical Engineering; 21; Mar
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