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  • 11
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    Short-Term Memory for Figure-Ground Organization in the Visual Cortex (2009)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0896-6273
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4199
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 12
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    Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic Cues with Gestalt Rules (2005)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0896-6273
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-4199
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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  • 13
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    Mechanisms of perceptual organization provide auto-zoom and auto-localization for attention to objects [Neuroscience] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-04
    Description: Visual attention is often understood as a modulatory field acting at early stages of processing, but the mechanisms that direct and fit the field to the attended object are not known. We show that a purely spatial attention field propagating downward in the neuronal network responsible for perceptual organization will be reshaped, repositioned, and sharpened to match the object's shape and scale. Key features of the model are grouping neurons integrating local features into coherent tentative objects, excitatory feedback to the same local feature neurons that caused grouping neuron activation, and inhibition between incompatible interpretations both at the local feature level and at the object representation level.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 14
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    How snapping shrimp snap: through cavitating bubbles (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-23
    Description: The snapping shrimp (Alpheus heterochaelis) produces a loud snapping sound by an extremely rapid closure of its snapper claw. One of the effects of the snapping is to stun or kill prey animals. During the rapid snapper claw closure, a high-velocity water jet is emitted from the claw with a speed exceeding cavitation conditions. Hydrophone measurements in conjunction with time-controlled high-speed imaging of the claw closure demonstrate that the sound is emitted at the cavitation bubble collapse and not on claw closure. A model for the bubble dynamics based on a Rayleigh-Plesset-type equation quantitatively accounts for the time dependence of the bubble radius and for the emitted sound.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Versluis, M -- Schmitz, B -- von der Heydt, A -- Lohse, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2114-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Applied Physics and J. M. Burgers Research Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Post Office Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11000111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Decapoda (Crustacea)/*anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Mathematics ; Models, Biological ; Pressure ; Seawater ; *Sound
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 15
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    Effects of Drake Passage on a strongly eddying global ocean (2016)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-22
    Description: The climate impact of ocean gateway openings during the Eocene-Oligocene transition is still under debate. Previous model studies employed grid resolutions at which the impact of mesoscale eddies has to be parameterized. We present results of a state-of-the-art eddy-resolving global ocean model with a closed Drake Passage, and compare with results of the same model at non-eddying resolution. An analysis of the pathways of heat by decomposing the meridional heat transport into eddy, horizontal, and overturning circulation components indicates that the model behavior on the large scale is qualitatively similar at both resolutions. Closing Drake Passage induces ( i ) sea surface warming around Antarctica due to equatorward expansion of the subpolar gyres, ( i i ) the collapse of the overturning circulation related to North Atlantic Deep Water formation leading to surface cooling in the North Atlantic, ( i i i ) significant equatorward eddy heat transport near Antarctica. However, quantitative details significantly depend on the chosen resolution. The warming around Antarctica is substantially larger for the non-eddying configuration (∼5.5 ∘ C) than for the eddying configuration (∼2.5 ∘ C). This is a consequence of the subpolar mean flow which partitions differently into gyres and circumpolar current at different resolutions. We conclude that for a deciphering of the different mechanisms active in Eocene-Oligocene climate change detailed analyses of the pathways of heat in the different climate subsystems are crucial in order to clearly identify the physical processes actually at work.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 16
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    El Nino-Southern Oscillation-like variability in a late Miocene Caribbean coral (2017)
    Geological Society of America (GSA)
    In: Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-09
    Description: Reconstructions of Pliocene sea-surface temperature (SST) gradients and thermocline depths suggest that the zonal temperature gradient of the tropical Pacific was distinct from the modern. However, the nature of any El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability superimposed on this mean state is difficult to determine. We developed monthly resolved multidecadal stable isotopic time series from an extremely well preserved central Caribbean coral dating to the Miocene-Pliocene transition, prior to closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS). Paleoceanographic modeling suggests that the flow of water associated with El Niño and La Niña events through the CAS allowed Caribbean corals to record the ENSO-related SST anomalies. Spectral analysis of coral oxygen isotope ratios reveals periodicities similar to modern ENSO signatures, suggesting that ENSO-like variability characterized the Miocene-Pliocene transition.
    Print ISSN: 0091-7613
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-2682
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of America (GSA)
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  • 17
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    A state-dependent quantification of climate sensitivity based on paleo data of the last 2.1 million years (2017)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-05
    Description: The evidence from both data and models indicates that specific equilibrium climate sensitivity S [X] — the global annual mean surface temperature change ( Δ T g ) as a response to a change in radiative forcing X ( Δ R [X] ) — is state-dependent. Such a state dependency implies that the best fit in the scatter plot of Δ T g  versus Δ R [X] is not a linear regression, but can be some non-linear or even non-smooth function. While for the conventional linear case the slope (gradient) of the regression is correctly interpreted as the specific equilibrium climate sensitivity S [X] , the interpretation is not straightforward in the non-linear case. We here explain how such a state-dependent scatter plot needs to be interpreted, and provide a theoretical understanding — or generalization — how to quantify S [X] in the non-linear case. Finally, from data covering the last 2.1 Myr we show that — due to state dependency — the specific equilibrium climate sensitivity which considers radiative forcing of CO 2 and land ice sheet (LI) albedo, , is larger during interglacial states than during glacial conditions by more than a factor two.
    Print ISSN: 0883-8305
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9186
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 18
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    Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: Figures in which human observers perceive "illusory contours" were found to evoke responses in cells of area 18 in the visual cortex of alert monkeys. The cells responded as if the contours were formed by real lines or edges. Modifications that weakened the perception of contours also reduced the neuronal responses. In contrast, cells in area 17 were apparently unable to "see" these contours.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉von der Heydt, R -- Peterhans, E -- Baumgartner, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1260-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6539501" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cognition/physiology ; Form Perception/*physiology ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Neurons/physiology ; Optical Illusions/*physiology ; Visual Cortex/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Elasticity of cross-linked semiflexible biopolymers under tension (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-04
    Description: Author(s): Alice von der Heydt, Daniel Wilkin, Panayotis Benetatos, and Annette Zippelius Aiming at the mechanical properties of cross-linked biopolymers, we set up and analyze a model of two weakly bending wormlike chains subjected to a tensile force, with regularly spaced inter-chain bonds (cross-links) represented by harmonic springs. Within this model, we compute the force-extension ... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032701] Published Tue Sep 03, 2013
    Keywords: Biological Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 20
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    Dipoles of the South-east Madagascar Current (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-19
    Description: [1]  Satellite altimetry data covering 18 years together with hydrographic observations around South Madagascar show that after separation from the coast, the South East Madagascar Current (SEMC) propagates southwestward and breaks up into a regular series of symmetric counter-rotating vortex pairs. Most of them split and propagate into the Agulhas retroflection system. Interannual variability of the dipole formation is related to the El Nino Southern Oscillation. In the observation period two ’early’ Agulhas retroflection events appeared both related to strong Madagascar dipoles. The symmetry of the dipoles may originate from the boundary current where negative vortity on the inshore side is adjacent to positive vorticity further offshore.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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