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  • 11
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    Stretchable batteries with gradient multilayer conductors (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Stretchable conductors are essential components in next-generation deformable and wearable electronic devices. The ability of stretchable conductors to achieve sufficient electrical conductivity, however, remains limited under high strain, which is particularly detrimental for charge storage devices. In this study, we present stretchable conductors made from multiple layers of gradient assembled polyurethane (GAP) comprising gold nanoparticles capable of self-assembly under strain. Stratified layering affords control over the composite internal architecture at multiple scales, leading to metallic conductivity in both the lateral and transversal directions under strains of as high as 300%. The unique combination of the electrical and mechanical properties of GAP electrodes enables the development of a stretchable lithium-ion battery with a charge-discharge rate capability of 100 mAh g〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 at a current density of 0.5 A g〈sup〉–1〈/sup〉 and remarkable cycle retention of 96% after 1000 cycles. The hierarchical GAP nanocomposites afford rapid fabrication of advanced charge storage devices.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Observation of intrinsic intraband π-plasmon excitation of a single-layer graphene (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-19
    Description: Author(s): S. Y. Shin, C. G. Hwang, S. J. Sung, N. D. Kim, H. S. Kim, and J. W. Chung We report the energy-momentum dispersion ω(q) of a low-energy intraband π plasmon arising from Dirac fermions in the conduction band of a single-layer graphene (SLG), not complicated by couplings with other excitations. For a wide range of q (0.39 ⩽q/k_{F} ⩽ 2.36), where k_{F} = 0.061 Å^{-1} ... [Phys. Rev. B 83, 161403] Published Mon Apr 18, 2011
    Keywords: Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 13
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    Transmission electron microscopy study of microstructural properties and dislocation characterization in the GaN film grown on the cone-shaped patterned Al2O3 substrate (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-12
    Description: Growing a GaN film on a patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate is one of the methods of reducing threading dislocations (TDs), which can significantly deteriorate the performance of GaN-based LEDs. In this study, the microstructural details of the GaN film grown on a cone-shaped patterned Al 2 O 3 substrate were investigated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and weak-beam dark-field techniques. Various defects such as misfit dislocations (MDs), recrystallized GaN (R-GaN) islands and nano-voids were observed on the patterned Al 2 O 3 surfaces, i.e. the flat surface (FS), the inclined surface (IS) and the top surface (TS), respectively. Especially, the crystallographic orientation of R-GaN between the GaN film and the inclined Al 2 O 3 substrate was identified as $[\overline 1 2\overline 1 0]_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 101]_{{\rm R - GaN} \,{\rm on}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}[\overline 1 100]_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ , $(\overline 1 012)_{{\rm GaN}} \hbox{//}(1\overline 1 02)_{{\rm R - Ga}\,{\rm Non}\,{\rm IS}} \hbox{//}(\overline {11} 26)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ . In addition, a rotation by 9° between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0002)_{{\rm GaN}} $ and between $(10\overline 1 1)_{{\rm R - GaN}} $ and $(0006)_{ {{\rm Al}} _{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm 3}} $ was found to reduce the lattice mismatch between the GaN film and the Al 2 O 3 substrate. Many TDs in the GaN film were observed on the FS and TS of Al 2 O 3 . However, few TDs were observed on the IS. Most of the TDs generated from the FS of Al 2 O 3 were bent to the inclined facet rather than propagating to the GaN surface, resulting in a reduction in the dislocation density. Most of the TDs generated from the TS of Al 2 O 3 were characterized as edge dislocations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-0744
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-9986
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Electron Microscopy Society.
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  • 14
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    Atmosphere, Vol. 2, Pages 533-552: Seasonal Gradient Patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particulate Matter Concentrations near a Highway (2011)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-22
    Description: Close proximity to roadways has been associated with higher exposure to traffic-related air pollutants. However, analyses of the effects of season and meteorological parameters on horizontal gradient patterns of traffic-generated air pollutants still need to be elucidated. Our objectives were to: (1) determine effects of season on horizontal gradient patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total suspended particles (TSP), and PM2.5 near a heavily trafficked highway; and (2) examine the effect of day-of-the-week variations (weekday versus weekend) associated with traffic counts on measured airborne-contaminant levels. PAHs (Σ8PAHs [MW 228–278]; gas + particulate), TSP and PM2.5 were monitored at nominal distances (50, 100, and 150 m) from the New Jersey Turnpike every 6 days for periods of 24 h, between September 2007 and September 2008. Seasonal variations in the horizontal gradient patterns of Σ8PAHs were observed. In the summer, Σ8PAHs declined significantly between 50–100 m from the highway (23% decrease), but not between the furthermost distances (100–150 m). An inverse pattern was observed in the winter: Σ8PAHs declined between 100–150 m (26% decrease), but not between the closest distances. Σ8PAHs and TSP, but not PM2.5, concentrations measured on weekends were 12–37% lower than those on weekdays, respectively, corresponding to lower diesel traffic volume. This study suggests that people living in the close proximity to highways may be exposed to varying levels of Σ8PAHs, TSP, and PM2.5 depending on distance to highway, season, and day-of-the-week variations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4433
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 15
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    Engineering material structure by fractal cut [Engineering] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-10
    Description: In this paper we discuss the transformation of a sheet of material into a wide range of desired shapes and patterns by introducing a set of simple cuts in a multilevel hierarchy with different motifs. Each choice of hierarchical cut motif and cut level allows the material to expand into...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 16
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    Rotating a Bose-Einstein condensate by shaking an anharmonic axisymmetric magnetic potential (2015)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: Author(s): Seji Kang, J. Choi, S. W. Seo, W. J. Kwon, and Y. Shin We present an experimental method for rotating a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in an axisymmetric magnetic potential. This method is based on the anharmonicity of the trapping potential, which couples the center-of-mass motion of the condensate to its internal motion. By circularly shaking the tr... [Phys. Rev. A 91, 013603] Published Tue Jan 06, 2015
    Keywords: Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 17
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    Inhibition of tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT3 [Biochemistry] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-30
    Description: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a multifunctional protein that participates in signaling pathways initiated by various growth factors and cytokines. It exists in multiple forms including those phosphorylated on Tyr705 (pYSTAT3) or Ser727 (pSSTAT3) as well as the unphosphorylated protein (USTAT3). In addition to the canonical...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 18
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    Frequency-domain direct waveform inversion based on perturbation theory (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-16
    Description: A direct waveform inversion based on perturbation theory is proposed to delineate a subsurface velocity structure from seismic data. This technique can directly compute the difference between the actual subsurface velocity and an initial guess of the velocity, while full waveform inversion updates the velocity model in the directions of reducing the data residual. Unlike full waveform inversion using the steepest descent method, the direct waveform inversion does not require a proper step length to iteratively update the velocity model. We present an algorithm for the waveform inversion method in the frequency domain and numerical examples demonstrating how the inversion method can reconstruct subsurface velocity structures using surface seismic data. The time-domain seismograms synthesized in the inversion procedure match the corresponding shot-gather seismograms of field data.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 19
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    A continuous source of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-22
    Description: A continuous source of Bose-Einstein condensed sodium atoms was created by periodically replenishing a condensate held in an optical dipole trap with new condensates delivered using optical tweezers. The source contained more than 1 x 10(6) atoms at all times, raising the possibility of realizing a continuous atom laser.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chikkatur, A P -- Shin, Y -- Leanhardt, A E -- Kielpinski, D -- Tsikata, E -- Gustavson, T L -- Pritchard, D E -- Ketterle, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jun 21;296(5576):2193-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ananth@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077408" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 20
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    Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies human host factors crucial for influenza virus replication (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-19
    Description: Influenza A virus, being responsible for seasonal epidemics and reoccurring pandemics, represents a worldwide threat to public health. High mutation rates facilitate the generation of viral escape mutants, rendering vaccines and drugs directed against virus-encoded targets potentially ineffective. In contrast, targeting host cell determinants temporarily dispensable for the host but crucial for virus replication could prevent viral escape. Here we report the discovery of 287 human host cell genes influencing influenza A virus replication in a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen. Using an independent assay we confirmed 168 hits (59%) inhibiting either the endemic H1N1 (119 hits) or the current pandemic swine-origin (121 hits) influenza A virus strains, with an overlap of 60%. Notably, a subset of these common hits was also essential for replication of a highly pathogenic avian H5N1 strain. In-depth analyses of several factors provided insights into their infection stage relevance. Notably, SON DNA binding protein (SON) was found to be important for normal trafficking of influenza virions to late endosomes early in infection. We also show that a small molecule inhibitor of CDC-like kinase 1 (CLK1) reduces influenza virus replication by more than two orders of magnitude, an effect connected with impaired splicing of the viral M2 messenger RNA. Furthermore, influenza-virus-infected p27(-/-) (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; Cdkn1b) mice accumulated significantly lower viral titres in the lung, providing in vivo evidence for the importance of this gene. Thus, our results highlight the potency of genome-wide RNAi screening for the dissection of virus-host interactions and the identification of drug targets for a broad range of influenza viruses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karlas, Alexander -- Machuy, Nikolaus -- Shin, Yujin -- Pleissner, Klaus-Peter -- Artarini, Anita -- Heuer, Dagmar -- Becker, Daniel -- Khalil, Hany -- Ogilvie, Lesley A -- Hess, Simone -- Maurer, Andre P -- Muller, Elke -- Wolff, Thorsten -- Rudel, Thomas -- Meyer, Thomas F -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 11;463(7282):818-22. doi: 10.1038/nature08760. Epub 2010 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology Department, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20081832" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Factors/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Genome, Human/genetics ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/classification/*growth & development ; Influenza, Human/*genetics/*virology ; Lung/cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; *RNA Interference ; Virus Replication/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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