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  • 11
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    Enhanced laser-radiation-pressure-driven proton acceleration by moving focusing electric-fields in a foil-in-cone target (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-24
    Description: A foil-in-cone target is proposed to enhance stable laser-radiation-pressure-driven proton acceleration by avoiding the beam degradation in whole stage of acceleration. Two and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that the guiding cone can substantially improve the spectral and spatial properties of the ion beam and lead to better preservation of the beam quality. This can be attributed to the focusing effect of the radial sheath electric fields formed on the inner walls of the cone, which co-move with the accelerated foil and effectively suppress the undesirable transverse explosion of the foil. It is shown that, by using a transversely Gaussian laser pulse with intensity of ∼2.74 × 10 22  W∕cm 2 , a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam with a peak energy of ∼1.5 GeV/u, density ∼10 n c , and transverse size ∼1 λ 0 can be obtained.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 12
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    GPR40 modulates epileptic seizure and NMDA receptor function (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: 〈p〉Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, and approximately 30% of patients do not respond adequately to antiepileptic drug treatment. Recent studies suggest that G protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is expressed in the central nervous system and is involved in the regulation of neurological function. However, the impact of GPR40 on epileptic seizures remains unclear. In this study, we first reported that GPR40 expression was increased in epileptic brains. In the kainic acid–induced epilepsy model, GPR40 activation after status epilepticus alleviated epileptic activity, whereas GPR40 inhibition showed the opposite effect. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model, susceptibility to epilepsy was reduced with GPR40 activation and increased with GPR40 inhibition. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that GPR40 affected 〈i〉N〈/i〉-methyl-〈scp〉d〈/scp〉-aspartate (NMDA) receptor–mediated synaptic transmission. Moreover, GPR40 regulated NR2A and NR2B expression on the surface of neurons. In addition, endocytosis of NMDA receptors and binding of GPR40 with NR2A and NR2B can be regulated by GPR40. Together, our findings indicate that GPR40 modulates epileptic seizures, providing a novel antiepileptic target.〈/p〉
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    GPR40 modulates epileptic seizure and NMDA receptor function (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-10-18
    Description: Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, and approximately 30% of patients do not respond adequately to antiepileptic drug treatment. Recent studies suggest that G protein–coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is expressed in the central nervous system and is involved in the regulation of neurological function. However, the impact of GPR40 on epileptic seizures remains unclear. In this study, we first reported that GPR40 expression was increased in epileptic brains. In the kainic acid–induced epilepsy model, GPR40 activation after status epilepticus alleviated epileptic activity, whereas GPR40 inhibition showed the opposite effect. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model, susceptibility to epilepsy was reduced with GPR40 activation and increased with GPR40 inhibition. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that GPR40 affected N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor–mediated synaptic transmission. Moreover, GPR40 regulated NR2A and NR2B expression on the surface of neurons. In addition, endocytosis of NMDA receptors and binding of GPR40 with NR2A and NR2B can be regulated by GPR40. Together, our findings indicate that GPR40 modulates epileptic seizures, providing a novel antiepileptic target.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 14
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    Multiple imputation in quantile regression (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-22
    Description: We propose a multiple imputation estimator for parameter estimation in a quantile regression model when some covariates are missing at random. The estimation procedure fully utilizes the entire dataset to achieve increased efficiency, and the resulting coefficient estimators are root- n consistent and asymptotically normal. To protect against possible model misspecification, we further propose a shrinkage estimator, which automatically adjusts for possible bias. The finite sample performance of our estimator is investigated in a simulation study. Finally, we apply our methodology to part of the Eating at American’s Table Study data, investigating the association between two measures of dietary intake.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 15
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    Bright betatron X-ray radiation from a laser-driven-clustering gas target (2013)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-30
    Description: Hard X-ray sources from femtosecond (fs) laser-produced plasmas, including the betatron X-rays from laser wakefield-accelerated electrons, have compact sizes, fs pulse duration and fs pump-probe capability, making it promising for wide use in material and biological sciences. Currently the main problem with such betatron X-ray sources is the limited average flux even with ultra-intense laser pulses. Here, we report ultra-bright betatron X-rays can be generated using a clustering gas jet target irradiated with a small size laser, where a ten-fold enhancement of the X-ray yield is achieved compared to the results obtained using a gas target. We suggest the increased X-ray photon is due to the existence of clusters in the gas, which results in increased total electron charge trapped for acceleration and larger wiggling amplitudes during the acceleration. This observation opens a route to produce high betatron average flux using small but high repetition rate laser facilities for applications. Scientific Reports 3 doi: 10.1038/srep01912
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 16
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    Experimental signatures of spin superfluid ground state in canted antiferromagnet Cr2O3 via nonlocal spin transport (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-14
    Description: Spin superfluid is a novel emerging quantum matter arising from the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of spin-1 bosons. We demonstrate the spin superfluid ground state in canted antiferromagnetic Cr 2 O 3 thin film at low temperatures via nonlocal spin transport. A large enhancement of the nonlocal spin signal is observed below ~20 K, and it saturates from ~5 down to 2 K. We show that the spins can propagate over very long distances (~20 μm) in such spin superfluid ground state and that the nonlocal spin signal decreases very slowly as the spacing increases with an inverse relationship, which is consistent with theoretical prediction. Furthermore, spin superfluidity has been investigated in the canted antiferromagnetic phase of the (11 2{macron} 0)-oriented Cr 2 O 3 film, where the magnetic field dependence of the associated critical temperature follows a 2 / 3 power law near the critical point. The experimental demonstration of the spin superfluid ground state in canted antiferromagnet will be extremely important for the fundamental physics on the BEC of spin-1 bosons and paves the way for future spin supercurrent devices, such as spin-Josephson junctions.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 17
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    Influencing Factors on Shear Strength of Asphalt Mortar with High Viscosity (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-17
    Description: In order to study the influencing factors on the shear strength of asphalt mortar with high viscosity, many different compositions are considered to analyse the shear strength of asphalt mortar, such as asphalt from different resource, mineral powder, wimble weight, temperature and ratio of filler to bitumen. The results indicate that among these factors, the influence of wimble strength is the smallest, which can be ignored. The shear strength of asphalt mortar decreases with increasing temperature from 25°C∼50°C. Meanwhile it changes with the ratio of filler to bitumen by 1.2 under the temperature changing from 25°C∼35°C. Also with the rising ratio between filler and bitumen, the sheer strength of mortar increases. However, the temperature sensitivity changes differently with its peak. Compared to the type of mineral powder, the influence of asphalt resource on shear strength and temperature sensitivity are more significant.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 18
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    Rheological Properties of Asphalt Mortar with High Viscosity (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-17
    Description: In order to study the rheological and rotary viscosity characteristics of asphalt mortar with high viscosity containing different asphalt and filler, the component, filler-bitumen ratio and temperature are considered. The results show that among these factors, viscosity and specific surface area are the main factors that influence the ability of resistance to high temperature deformation. The temperature sensitivity and G*/sinδ increase with increasing filler-bitumen ratio.The growth rate changes corresponding to the filler-bitumen ratio of 1.2. A good exponential relationship exists between G*/sinδ and Brookfield rotary viscosity at 135°C and 150°C. Thus, the results of Brookfield rotary viscosity can be used to estimate the influence of filler-bitumen ratio to asphalt mortar characteristics at high temperature instead of filler-bitumen ratio to asphalt mortar characteristics at high temperature instead of G*/sinδ.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 19
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    Ancient DNA identification of domestic animals used for leather objects in Central Asia during the Bronze Age (2016)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-10
    Description: The arid climate of many regions within Central Asia often leads to excellent archaeological preservation, especially in sealed funerary contexts, allowing for ancient DNA analyses. While geneticists have looked at human remains, clothes, tools, and other burial objects are often neglected. In this paper, we present the results of an ancient DNA study on Bronze Age leather objects excavated from tombs of the Wupu cemetery in the Hami Oasis and Yanghai cemetery in the Turpan Oasis, both in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of northwestern China. In addition to species identification of goat ( Capra aegagrus/hircus ), sheep ( Ovis orientalis/aries ), and cattle ( Bos primigenius/taurus ), mitochondrial haplogroups were determined for several samples. Our results show that Bronze Age domesticated goats and sheep from the Hami and Turpan oases possessed identical or closely related haplotypes to modern domestic animals of this area. The absence of leather produced from wild animals emphasizes the importance of animal husbandry in the cultures of Wupu and Yanghai.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 20
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    Spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation and extreme events on the Loess Plateau of China between 1957 and 2009 (2013)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-25
    Description: Spatiotemporal trends in precipitation may influence vegetation restoration, and extreme precipitation events profoundly affect soil erosion processes on the Loess Plateau. Daily data collected at 89 meteorological stations in the area between 1957 and 2009 were used to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation on the Loess Plateau and the return periods of different types of precipitation events classified in the study. Nonparametric methods were employed for temporal analysis, and the Kriging interpolation method was employed for spatial analysis. The results indicate a small decrease in precipitation over the Loess Plateau in last 53 years (although a Mann–Kendall test did not show this decrease to be significant), a southward shift in precipitation isohyets, a slightly delayed rainy season, and prolonged return periods, especially for rainstorm and heavy rainstorm events. Regional responses to global climate change have varied greatly. A slightly increasing trend in precipitation in annual and sub-annual series, with no obvious shift of isohyets, and an evident decreasing trend in extreme precipitation events were detected in the northwest. In the southeast, correspondingly, a more seriously decreasing trend occurred, with clear shifts of isohyets and a slightly decreasing trend in extreme precipitation events. The result suggests that a negative trend in annual precipitation may have led to decreased soil erosion but an increase in sediment yield during several extreme events. These changes in the precipitation over the Loess Plateau should be noted, and countermeasures should be taken to reduce their adverse impacts on the sustainable development of the region. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley
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