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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 6 (1970), S. 151-158 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a procédé à des mesures de vitesse de fissuration dans des cristaux de KCl, et 1'on a observé que ces vitesses étaient d'un ordre de grandeur supérieures à celles des ondes é1astiques les plus rapides La rupture a été amorcée dans des monocristaux de KCl en les irradiant á 1'aide d'un laser géant á impulsions; des vitesses de propagation de 1'ordre de 104 á 105 m/sec ont pu être estimées en se basant sur les dimensions des fissures de clivage observées sur des photographies prises environ 80 nsec après le début de 1'irradiation. Ces résultats constituent les premières observations expérimentales qui sont en contradiction avec les théories de propagation des fissures, en vertu desquelles les vitesses de propagation ne peuvent excéder les vitesses soniques. Ces vitesses supersoniques sont attribuées aux conditions inhabituelles de 1'expérience, au cours de laquelle la fissure se voit conféré une énergie par unité de temps exceptionnellement é1evée. On montre que 1'émission de plasma dont l'échantillon serait le siège an cours de Firradiation laser, est à même d'entrainer la fissuration à des vitesses supersoniques.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Beobachtung von Bruchgeschwindigkeiten in KCl-Einkristallen berichtet, die um eine Größenordnung höher als die größte Wellengeschwindigkeit sind. Die Brüche werden durch Laser-Riesenimpulse erzeugt. Aus der Größe von Spaltbruchen auf photographischen Aufnahmen, die etwa 80 nsec nach Beginn des Laserimpulses gemacht werden, wird geschlossen, daß durchschnittliche Bruchgeschwindigkeiten von 104 his 105 m/sec vorgelegen haben. Diese experimentellen Ergebnisse widersprechen scheinbar den vorhandenen Bruchtheorien, nach denen die Bruchgeschwindigkeiten nicht größer als die elastischen Wellengeschwindigkeiten sein können. Die Überschallgeschwindigkeiten werden den ungewöhnlichen Belastungsbedingungen zugeschrieben, die es gestatten, Energie außerordentlich schnell zur Bruchfront nachzuliefern. Es wird gezeigt, daß ein innerhalb der Probe vom Laserimpuls erzeugtes Plasma einen Bruch mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit vorantreiben kann.
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of crack velocities in KC1 crystals an order of magnitude greater than the velocity of the fastest elastic wave are reported. Fracture was produced by irradiation with a giant impulse laser, and average crack propagation velocities of the order of 104 to 105 m/sec were inferred from the sizes of cleavage cracks in photographs taken approximately 80 nsec after beginning of irradiation. These results are the first experimental observations which contradict the prediction of crack-propagation theories that crack velocities cannot exceed sound speeds. The supersonic speeds are attributed to the unusual experimental conditions, which permitted energy to be supplied to the crack front at unusually high rates. A plasma, induced within the specimen by the laser pulse, is shown to be capable of driving a crack at supersonic speeds.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 5 (1969), S. 363-363 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 267 (1973), S. 173-181 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Analyse von Pesticiden, Fungiciden, Insecticiden, Pyrazophos, Triazophos ; Chromatographie, Gel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung von Pflanzeninhaltsstoffen aus Essigsäureäthylester-Extrakten von 31 pflanzlichen Erntegütern mit Hilfe der Gel-Chromatographie an Polystyrolgel wird beschrieben. Die Eluate können mit wenigen Ausnahmen, z. B. Zwiebeln, direkt gas-chromatographisch unter Benutzung des flammenphotometrischen Detektors bzw. des Elektroneneinfangdetektors analysiert werden.
    Notes: Abstract The clean-up of the ethylacetate extracts of 31 common crops with the aid of liquid chromatography on polysterene gel is described. With a few exceptions, e.g. onions, the pesticide residue can be determined directly in the eluate gas-chromatographically using the electron capture or the flame photometric detector.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1122-1123 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 67 (1995), S. 1153-1153 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 559-566 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The electric emission during failure of fiber reinforced materials and their componentsDeformation and failure of fiber-reinforced materials (FRM) can cause electric charge displacements. This, consequently, leads to variations in the external electric field. These can be observed and recorded during the loading process without any contact to the sample. Analyzing these signals named electric emission (EE) can be done individually and also statistically when an acoustic emission equipment is used. Fracture of carbon and glass fibers yields EE signals of large amplitudes, whereas the polycarbonate matrix material exhibits smaller ones. The signals obtained in a tensile test with the composite materials exceed the ones of the matrix material but do not attain those of the fiber material. From the shape of the EE signals conclusions can be made on the elementary fracture process. From these experiments it can be concluded that the EE method is a valuable tool with respect to the detection of failure occurence of composite materials as is the acoustic emission technique. The EE technique is a field method and does, therefore, not require any sample preparation. This makes it a low cost technique which can be possibly applied in the field as well as in the laboratory.
    Notes: Verformungen und Schädigungen können die Ursache von elektrischen Ladungsverschiebungen in Faserverbundwerkstoffen (FVW) sein, welche zu Änderungen des äußeren elektrischen Feldes führen. Diese können mit geeigneten Sonden berührungslos beobachtet und aufgezeichnet werden. Die Analyse dieser elektrische Emission (EE) genannten Signale kann individuell oder statistisch geschehen, wobei im letzteren Falle Schallemissionsgeräte verwendet werden können. Das Brechen von Carbon -oder Glasfasern erzeugt EE-Signale großer Amplitude, das Brechen des Polykarbonat-Matrixmaterials dagegen geringere. Das Zerreißen der Verbundwerkstoffe im Zugversuch ist zwar von größeren Signalen begleitet als das des reinen Matrixmaterials; jedoch erreichen diese Signale nicht die Amplituden des Fasermaterials. Die Analyse der Signalformen gestattet Rückschlüsse auf den Ablauf der elementaren Bruchprozesse und deren Dynamik. Diese Arbeit hat gezeigt, daß die elektrische Emission neben anderen Methoden - wie der Schallemission - ein brauchbares Werkzeug zur Beobachtung des Eintritts von Schädigungen in Verbundwerkstoffen ist. Da diese Methode kontaktlos arbeitet und keine Probenvorbereitung erfordert, ist sie nicht nur kostengünstig. Sie kann möglicherweise auch vorteilhaft über Laboratoriumsanwendungen hinaus benutzt werden.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental mechanics 23 (1983), S. 140-145 
    ISSN: 1741-2765
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous measurements of the dynamicstress-intensity factorK I dyn and the dynamic-fracture toughnessK ID were made in a high-strength steel to investigate the relation between energy delivered to and energy absorbed by rapidly propagating cracks. Values ofK I dyn were obtained intermittently during the propagation history by the shadow optical method of caustics from high-speed photographs of the moving crack tips. Values ofK ID were calculated from temperature maxima recorded by thermocouples near the crack path. The results indicate that for fast-running cracks, the change in energy available at the crack tip can be significantly less than the energy absorbed in crack extension, suggesting that currently used dynamic-energy-balance methods for determining dynamic-fracture toughnesses may provide erroneous values.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 108 (1937), S. 129-130 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 66 (1933), S. 1556-1558 
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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