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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of helicity related properties of a turbulent flow past a grid (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results of direct measurements of helicity density and other velocity derivative related flow properties are reported for a turbulent flow past a grid at Reλ=75. The velocity and vorticity vectors exhibit a tendency to be aligned. The flow is found to lack reflectional symmetry, which is manifested by a nonzero correlation between the velocity and vorticity vector fluctuations and considerable asymmetry in the probability density function of the cosine of the angle between the velocity and vorticity vector fluctuations. This asymmetry, as well as the tendency for alignment, increases for larger values of ||v|| ||ω||.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866463
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-pulse, laser–plasma interaction including collisions and ionization (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2337-2340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computational approach for simulations in the emerging field of short-pulse (τ〈1 psec), high-intensity (I=1017–1019 W/cm2 ) laser–plasma interactions is introduced. The approach is a particle-in-cell method (PIC) which, as unique features, incorporates electron–ion collisions at relativistic energies and the time variation of the ionization state of the plasma. This has been incorporated into the wave two-dimensional plasma simulation code [Phys. Fluids 18, 1017 (1975)] for the purpose of simulating experiments at the Los Alamos Bright Source facilities [Phys. Rev. A 39, 454 (1989)]. However, the computational methods should be useful for work in laser fusion and other areas where rapid ionization occurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859601
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blue stimulated emission from a ZnSe p-n diode at low temperature (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 506-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser diode structures have been fabricated using molecular beam epitaxy with iodine from an electrochemical source for the n-type doping and nitrogen from a plasma source for the p-type doping. CV profiling using electrochemical etching shows uniform p doping of 4×1017 cm−3 and n doping of 1×1018 cm−3. Under pulsed current excitation blue emission at 470 nm is observed at room temperature which increases in intensity at liquid helium temperatures. Above a current density threshold of 50 A cm−2 stimulated emission is observed between 448–473 nm with a complicated mode structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107869
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling of n-type molecular beam epitaxy ZnSe layers (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 344-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the use of electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling of n-type ZnSe layers by the use of NaOH electrolyte. Samples with both uniform and staircase doping profiles have been measured with concentrations ranging over 1016–1019 cm−3. The profiling technique has revealed in some samples regions of lower carrier concentration at the surface and at the ZnSe/GaAs interface. Our results demonstrate that this powerful technique can now be used for assessing the growth parameters of wideband gap II-VI materials in the same way that is widely accepted for III-V semiconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107463
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Measurement of Vorticity in Turbulent Flows (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 27 (1995), S. 469-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.27.010195.002345
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fretting fatigue crack nucleation in Ti–6Al–4V (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fretting fatigue crack nucleation in Ti−6Al−4V when fretted against itself is investigated to determine the influence of contact pressure, stress amplitude, stress ratio, and contact geometry on the degradation process. For the test parameters considered in this investigation, a partial slip condition generally prevails. The resulting fatigue modifying factors are 0.53 or less. Cycles to crack nucleation, frictional force evolution, crack orientations and their relationship to the microstructure are reported. The crack nucleation process volume is of the same order as the microstructural length scales with several non-dominant cracks penetrating 50 μm or less. The effective coefficient of friction increases during early part of fretting. Observations suggest that cyclic plastic deformation is extensive in the surface layers and that cyclic ratchetting of plastic strain may play a key role in nucleation of the fretting cracks. A Kitagawa–Takahashi diagram is used to relate the depth of fretting damage to the modifying factor on fatigue life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00553.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AIR-FLUIDIZED TOASTING OF WHOLE KERNEL WHEAT-PROCESSING VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 39 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Processing variables affecting toasted wheat properties were studied. For maximum gelatinization of starch, substantial moisture, up to 60% of the weight of the dry wheat, must be infused into the whole kernel and equilibrated prior to the heat treatment. Moistening, tempering and toasting optima were established. Cold paste viscosities can be reduced by over-toasting, as well as under-toasting. Heating rates must maximize starch gelatinization before moisture is evaporated. Enzyme inactivation, which affects storage stability as well as viscosity values, was not complete in 20 set at 300°F (mass-avg kernel temp 275°F) but was complete in only 15 set at 400°F (tMA= 323°F). Toasting expands the kernel twofold or more and creates a porous endosperm structure which absorbs water readily. Several applications were tested, such as soup and sauce thickeners, breaders and cereals for domestic and foreign feeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1974.tb02865.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of measuring vorticity in turbulent flows (1986)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 4 (1986), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Experimental methods which have been developed over the last three decades to measure one or more components of the vorticity vector are described and assessed. These include methods which estimate the velocity gradients comprising the various vorticity components, methods which sense fluid rotation directly, and methods which sense other fluid properties which can be related to vorticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266561
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calibration technique for multiple-sensor hot-wire probes and its application to vorticity measurements in the wake of a circular cylinder (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 15 (1993), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A calibration technique for multiple-sensor hot-wire probes is presented. The technique, which requires minimal information about the probe geometry, is tested using a four-sensor and a twelve-sensor probe. Two data reduction algorithms are introduced. The first one assumes a uniform velocity over the probe sensing-volume and is applied to the four-sensor probe measurements. The second one assumes a uniform velocity gradient over the sensing volume of the probe. The procedure, when applied to the twelve-sensor probe, is shown to measure the velocity gradient components successfully. In both algorithms, the unknowns (velocity and velocity gradient components) are obtained by solving the resulting systems of nonlinear algebraic equations in a least-squares sense. The performances of the probes and the algorithms are tested with measurements in the wake of a circular cylinder. The statistics and spectra show that the twelve-sensor probe is successful in the simultaneous measurement of all three components of the velocity and all three components of the vorticity vectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189888
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acceleration of cheese ripening (1996)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70 (1996), S. 271-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The characteristic aroma, flavour and texture of cheese develop during ripening of the cheese curd through the action of numerous enzymes derived from the cheese milk, the coagulant, starter and non-starter bacteria. Ripening is a slow and consequently an expensive process that is not fully predictable or controllable. Consequently, there are economic and possibly technological incentives to accelerate ripening. The principal methods by which this may be achieved are: an elevated ripening temperature, modified starters, exogenous enzymes and cheese slurries. The advantages, limitations, technical feasibility and commercial potential of these methods are discussed and compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395937
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