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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of muscle research and cell motility 14 (1993), S. 573-584 
    ISSN: 1573-2657
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Although X-ray diffraction measurements imply almost constant filament separation during isometric contraction, such constancy does not hold at the level of the isolated cell; cell cross-section increases substantially during isometric contraction. This expansion could arise from accumulation of water drawn from other fibre regions, or from water drawn into the cell from outside. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we froze single fibres of frog skeletal muscle that were jacketed by a thin layer of water. Frozen fibres were freeze-substituted, sectioned transversely, and examined in the electron microscope. In fibres frozen during contraction, we found large amounts of water just beneath the sarcolemma, less in deeper regions, and almost none in the fibre core. Such gradients were absent or diminished in fibres frozen in the relaxed state. The water was not confined to the myofibril space alone; we found large water spaces between myofibrils, particularly near mitochondria. Accumulation of water between myofibrils and around mitochondria implies that the driving force for water movement probably lies outside the filament lattice, and may therefore be osmotic. The fact that the distribution was nonuniform-highest near the sarcolemma and lowest in the core-implies that the water was likely drawn from the thin jacket surrounding the cell. Thus, the contractile cycle appears to be associated with water entry into and exit from the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 32 (1995), S. 226-232 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Z-line interconnections ; honey-bee flight muscle ; transverse cytoskeletal network ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Located at the level of the Z-line, the transverse cytoskeletal network of insectflight muscle interconnects adjacent myofibrils with one another, and interconnects peripheral myofibrils with the cell membrane. This network has been presumed to keep myofibrils in register, or to distribute tension laterally among myofibrils. In this study, we used scanning-electron microscopy to reveal details of the three-dimensional arrangement of this network. The network is seen to interconnect longitudinal elements of the cytoskeletal network which surround each myofibril. The arrangement is not unlike that seen in vertebrate skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the transverse network makes contact with cell components such as dense bodies and mitochondria. Such contacts imply potential roles over and above those noted above. The network may be involved not only in mechanical function, but possibly also in intracellular communication. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 24 (1993), S. 274-283 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: immunoelectron microscopy ; rabbit psoas ; elasticity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A “freeze-break” technique (Trombitás, K.: Acta Biochim. Biophys. Hung. 6:419-427, 1971) and immunoelectron microscopy were used to study the elastic properties of titin filaments. Small bundles of freshly prepared rabbit psoas muscle fibers were quickly frozen and broken under liquid nitrogen to fracture sarcomeres in planes perpendicular to the filament axis, in each of various regions along the sarcomere. The still-frozen specimens were thawed during fixation to allow elastic filaments to retract. The broken specimens were then labelled with monoclonal anti-titin antibodies against an unique epitope in the I-band.The titin epitopes were normally positioned symmetrically about the Z-line. However, in sarcomeres broken at the A-I junction, the epitopes no longer remained symmetrical: the titin filaments in the broken half-sarcomere retracted, independently of the thin filaments, forming a dense band just near the Z-line. The retracted density apparently did not reach the Z-line; retraction stopped at the level of the so-called N1-line. In sarcomeres broken at the Z-line level, the titin filaments retracted in the opposite direction. In this case the titin epitope retracted all the way to the ends of the thick filaments.It appears then that titin molecules form elastic filaments that are independent of thin filaments in most of the I-band. Near the Z-line, however, the titin filaments either have an inelastic domain or associate firmly with the thin filaments at the N1-line level. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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