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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The low-temperature X-ray diffraction studies of the heptahydridobis(tertiaryphosphine)rhenium complexes, [ReH7{P(C3H7)2(C6H5)}2] and [ReH7{P(C6H5)3}2]:erratum (1983)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 39 (1983), S. 920-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270183006873
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature neutron diffraction study of [ReH5(PPhiPr2)2(SiHPh2)2] and low-temperature X-ray diffraction study of [ReH5(PCyp3)2(SiH2Ph)2] (1992)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 48 (1992), S. 438-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768191014428
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic selection in presence of pathogens such as the lymphoid leukosis virus: computer simulation (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 397-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Quantitative genetics ; Selection response ; Chickens ; Lymphoid leukosis ; Egg production ; Computer simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A computer model was developed to simulate the population dynamics involved when selection is for a trait influenced by the presence of a pathogen in addition to quantitative genetic factors. The lymphoid leukosis virus is such a pathogen, when selection is for egg production in chickens. It is transmitted congenitally from dam to offspring and horizontally from one individual to another. For these simulations, individual selection for high performance in the trait influenced by the pathogen was more effective than family selection for removing infected individuals from populations. The resulting reduction in the incidence of infected individuals in following generations made the overall response to individual selection greater than for family selection. However, the virus would remain in most populations due to horizontal transmission to individuals which later transmit the virus to their offspring. These horizontally infected individuals would not be eliminated in the selection process because their egg production was assumed to be less reduced than that of congenitally infected birds. These simulation results seem to mimic certain experimental results which heretofore have been difficult to explain since they were not consistent with quantitative genetic theoretical expectations from selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254807
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of endogenous viral genes in two strains of white leghorn chickens selected for egg production and susceptibility or resistance to Marek's disease (1989)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 77 (1989), S. 26-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Egglayers ; Marek's disease resistance ; Egg production ; Endogeneous viral genes ; Group specific antigen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Endogenous viral (ev) genes related to the avian leukosis virus were classified in two differentially selected strains of Leghorns in order to investigate whether such genes affect production traits. Strain K had been selected for resistance to Marek's disease (MD) and for high egg production and egg weight, whereas strain S had been selected only for MD susceptibility. Except that founders of strain K included a few commercial birds, both strains were derived from a common genetic base. DNA restriction fragment length analyses of 110 strain K and 94 strain S birds revealed the presence of 8 different ev-genes, 6 of which were identical to previously identified loci. This result was confirmed by assays for group specific antigen (gs-antigen), the product of the gag region of the ev-genes. The levels of gs-antigen in the birds closely followed what had been predicted from data obtained from previously described ev-genes. Both strains had a similar average number of ev-genes per bird (3.5 and 3.2 for strains S and K, respectively). However, strain K carried only five different ev-genes while strain S carried seven. Four of these loci were present in both strains. Among the ev-genes absent or occurring less frequently in strain K were those that code either for infectious endogenous virus (ev-10 and possibly ev-19) or for the internal viral gag-proteins (ev-3). Only those ev-genes which are transcriptionally silent or which code for the viral envelope gene were present in increased frequencies in strain K. The results indicate that selection for egg traits and/or Marek's disease resistance reduces the frequency of ev-genes which produce endogenous virus or the viral gag-proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292311
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of variance components and heritability in populations affected by disease: lymphoid leukosis in chickens (1983)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 65 (1983), S. 317-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Disease ; Lymphoid leukosis ; Chickens ; Variance ; Heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of disease, particularly when congenitally transmitted, on variance components and heritability were studied. Observations on lymphoid leukosis, a congenitally transmitted, viral disease of chickens, were used as the basis of the considerations but the results are deemed applicable to other situations where a population is similarly affected by a disease or another factor resulting in alteration of performance. The numbers of pullets tested for lymphoid leukosis virus (LLV) shedding into eggs were 1785 in 1976 and 1699 in 1977. A comparison of the distribution of LLV shedders (approximately 8% of the birds tested) among sire and dam families with its binomial expectations supported earlier reports that only dams play a role in congenital transmission of LLV. The effects of LLV infection on variance components and heritability were assessed in the 1976 data by comparing estimates from both LLV-shedders and nonshedders (population A) with estimates from nonshedders only (population B). Sire variances for age at first egg, number of eggs per hen housed, egg production rate, and egg weight were 3 to 18% greater in population A compared to population B. The corresponding differences in dam variances were generally larger (5 to 48%) while relative differences in individual variances were small (1 to 10%). Total phenotypic variances for the traits were 2 to 13% larger in population A than B. Corresponding changes in percent sire heritability ranged from −1 to 6%, and in dam heritability from −2 to 12%. The significance of these effects was not established with certainty due to standard errors of the estimates (9 to 13%). The study pointed out the need to consider possible effects of agents such as LLV on designing breeding plans, experiments and in data analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276571
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bean tumbling as a control measure for the common bean weevil, Acanthoscelides obtectus (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Mechanical control ; stored products ; host colonization ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; behavioral disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Recognizing that it takes Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) larvae over 24 h to bore into a dry red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and that boring can occur only at particular sites where a bean abuts some other surface, we postulated that this pest might be controlled by periodic tumbling of beans so as to place initiated holes out of register with requisite touching surfaces. Larvae repeatedly forced to initiate holes might die of exhaustion, if not smashed by tumbling beans. Indeed, brief daily tumbling of beans held in half-filled jars, buckets, and gunny sacks reduced A. obtectus populations by 97% relative to stationary controls. We recommend that small lots of beans can be protected indefinitely from the bean weevil when stored in 〈75% filled cylinders rolled ca 1 circumference every morning and evening. This control method should be immediately useful, particularly among subsistence families, since the only external input is knowledge. Also, this control principle might be broadly applicable to other bean and grain pests having strict spatial and temporal requirements for seed penetration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177031
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model-based analysis of data from countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction processes (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 27 (1981), S. 1008-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An efficient iterative method for solving the equations which describe the steady state of a staged countercurrent extraction process is described. The equations include the effects of backmixing, and apply to an arbitrary number of solutes, to nonlinear equilibrium relations, and to variable net phase flow rates (and thus to partially miscible solvents). The solution procedure, based on partial linearization of the equations, is related to and extends the method of Ricker et al. (1980).This solution procedure has been used, in conjunction with nonlinear regression methods, to investigate problems related to the determination of parameters by analyzing steady state data. The simultaneous determination of several parameters, including mass transfer coefficients, backmixing coefficients, and equilibrium constants, is shown to be possible. The accuracy with which the parameters can be estimated depends, however, on many factors, including the number and location of the sampling points, the intensity of the backmixing, and the extent to which equilibrium is approached in the column.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690270618
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of mixing in reactor systems through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera (1984)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 30 (1984), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new approach to the characterization of flow patterns and mixing through analysis of regional tracer dilution data obtained with a gamma camera is presented. Studies performed in a small, two-dimensional, multiple-inlet vessel demonstrate the experimental technique and how data are analyzed to determine the intravessel spatial distribution of fluid deriving from the traced stream. Good agreement is shown between calculated values of the flow distribution and visually observed flow patterns.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690300206
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of batch processes involving simultaneous enzymatic and microbial reactions (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 1087-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fermentation ; optimization ; enzymatic reactions ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two general models for batch simultaneous enzymatic and microbial reaction (SEMR) processes are presented, the second derived from and simpler than the first and accounting for enzyme denaturation. Using the second model and parameter values from the literature, simulation was used to examine a range of enzyme addition rate strategies (in which the rate was a linear function of time) for a relatively fast ethanol fermentation and for a longer duration citric acid fermentation, both using cellulose as the substrate. For the ethanol process it is optimal (for a specific objective function which accounts for product value and enzyme cost) to add all the enzyme at the beginning of the process. But for the citric acid process a linearly decreasing enzyme addition rate, coupled with the addition of a small fraction of the enzyme at time zero, is better than pure batch operation or operation with the best constant enzyme feed rate.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260371114
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computational expressions for blood oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations (1979)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 7 (1979), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Expressions which represent the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood in terms of the partial pressures, and include the Bohr and Haldane effects, have been developed. These expressions are suitable for rapid evaluation on digital computers, are easily invertible, and are readily differentiated to yield the partial derivatives of the concentrations with respect to partial pressures. The constants in the expressions were adjusted to provide a least-squares fit to data obtained from the literature. The data correspond to whole blood with a hemoglobin content of 15 gms per 100 ml and a base excess of 0 mEq/L at 37 c. The fit is satisfactory over the range of 0 to 120 torr in oxygen partial pressure and 0 to 80 torr in carbon dioxide partial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02364439
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