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  • 11
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    Some lessons learned with wind tunnels (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An historical evaluation is made of the most significant developments in the use of wind tunnels for the development and analysis of missiles and aircraft since the 1940s. In addition to being instrumental in the discovery of unknown aerodynamic, aeroelastic and aerothermodynamic phenomena, wind tunnels have helped in the explanation of numerous effects, the development of new configurations and systems, and the furnishing of critical initial performance evaluations for a broad spectrum of aircraft and missiles. Attention is given to low speed planform tests, body-wing-tail studies, variable sweep wing investigations, transonic characteristics and problems, supersonic trim drag, and supersonic pitch-up, area ruling, and inlet effects.
    Keywords: RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0777
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Reform of general education and vocational training in the U.S.S.R. (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Extensive school reform measures were initiated in the U.S.S.R. in 1984. The essence of the reform is to improve the quality of instruction, improve the content of education, strengthen the Marxist-Leninist world view, and ensure that all secondary school graduates master an occupation.
    Keywords: GENERAL
    Type: NASA-TM-87693 , NAS 1.15:87693
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    Some lessons learned with wind tunnels (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review is presented of some of the lessons learned from wind tunnel tests since World War II. Wind tunnels achieved a very high productivity rate during the war due in part to development testing of numerous military aircraft concepts. Following the war, in addition to development testing, a rapid increase in basic research testing occurred in order to explore areas of interest revealed by the conduct of war and to expand on advanced technology that became available from Germany and Italy. The research test areas discussed are those primarily related to the transition from subsonic flight to supersonic flight.
    Keywords: AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-TM-87710 , NAS 1.15:87710
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
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    Bomber design trends (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Some basic trends in bomber aircraft are traced from the pre-World War I era to the present time. The historic review includes bombers of many countries. The primary discussion, however, will be based on U.S. bomber programs and, to the extent possible, on USSR bomber programs. The bomber aircraft will be examined in terms of performance and mission capability.Characteristics will include power or thrust loading, wing loading, maximum speed, cruising speed, weight and weight distribution, and payload. These trends can be used to indicate the rationale for certain design types. Performance characteristics can be used to indicate potential mission objectives. The overall design trends should be useful in revealing the influence of mission objectives, the influence of advanced technology and, in turn, may be useful in predicting likely future trends.
    Keywords: AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-2640
    Format: text
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  • 15
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    Effects of some geometric variations on missile aerodynamic characteristics at supersonic speeds (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A summary of some results from tests of a wing-body general research missile model is presented for a Mach number range up to 4.63. A basic ogive-cylinder body with a length-to-diameter ratio of 10 was used to which was attached a series of wing planforms. The planforms included a family of delta wings and a family of rectangular wings having a constant root chord but varying spans so that wings of constant exposed area could be compared. In addition, a cranked-tip planform was included and a rectangular planform with reduced chord. Some results are presented for wing-body-tail configurations - one utilizing a cranked wing planform and one with wings having a constant root chord and span, but tip chords that were 0, 20, and 40 percent of the root chord.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 86-0570
    Format: text
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  • 16
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    Supersonic aerodynamic characteristics of some reentry concepts for angles of attack to 90 deg (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Past studies of reentry vehicles tested to high angles of attack (up to 90 deg) in the Mach number range from 2 to 4.8 are reviewed. Two basic planforms are considered: highly-swept deltas and circular. The delta concepts include variations in cross section (and thus volume) and in camber distribution. The effectiveness of various types of aerodynamic control devices is also included. The purpose of the paper is to examine the characteristics of the vehicles with a view toward the potential usefulness of such concepts in a flight regime that would include reentry from space into the atmosphere followed by a transition to sustained atmospheric flight.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: NASA-TM-87645 , NAS 1.15:87645
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 17
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    Some comparisons of US and USSR aircraft design developments (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review is given of the design and development of some US and USSR aircraft. The emphasis is on the historical development of large aircraft-civil and military transports and bombers. Design trends are somewhat similar for the two countries and indications are that some fundamental characteristics are dictated more by ideological differences rather than technological differences. A brief description is given in a more or less chronological order of the major bomber aircraft, major civil and military transport aircraft, and the development of the air transport systems.
    Keywords: AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
    Type: NASA-TM-87611 , NAS 1.15:87611
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    Reform of general education and vocational training in the U.S.S.R (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: School reform in the Soviet Union is now being carried out in accordance with programmatic directives of the June 1983 plenary session of the CPSU Central Committee. The draft reform was under study and discussion for several months by various groups within the Soviet Union with the participation of about 120 million people. Following the discussion of the draft reform, the basic guidelines for reform were approved by the plenary session of the CPSU Central Committee on April 10, 1984, and by the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet on April 12, 1984. The essence of the reform is to improve the quality of instruction (including an added year of compulsory education-from 10 to 11) and to teach young people a profession in addition to the required volume of knowledge and work skills.
    Keywords: SOCIAL SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-3082
    Format: text
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  • 19
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    Some comparisons of US and USSR aircraft design developments (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A review is given of the design and development of some U.S. and U.S.S.R. aircraft. The emphasis is on the historical development of large aircraft - civil and military transports and bombers. Design trends are somewhat similar for the two countries and indications are that some fundamental characteristics are dictated more by ideological differences rather than technological differences. A brief description is given in a more or less chronological order of the major bomber aircraft, major civil and military transport aircraft, and the development of the air transport systems.
    Keywords: AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: AIAA PAPER 85-3060
    Format: text
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  • 20
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    An aerodynamic design study of a series of lifting bodies at angles of attack from 10 to 53 degrees at Mach numbers from 2.30 to 4.62 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-12-01
    Description: The aerodynamic characteristics in the transition from high to low angles of attack at supersonic speeds have been experimentally and theoretically studied for a series of lifting bodies with various upper and lower surface camber designs. The configurations under consideration have a 75-degree swept delta planform with a rounded nose. Data obtained indicate that changes in the camber design cause some distinct changes in the aerodynamic characteristics that shoud be taken into account in the selection of a lifting body shape. The flat bottom designs with upper surface camber are found to provide greater drag for retardation at high angles of attack but are considerably out of trim longitudinally. The flat top designs with lower surface camber provide less drag at high angles of attack but can be more easily trimmed. Calculated results are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Format: text
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