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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fasciola hepatica: the effect of the sodium inophore monensin on the adult tegument (1989)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 75 (1989), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect on the tegument of adultFasciola hepatica of incubation in the sodium ionophore monensin, the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain and ouabain pretreatment followed by monensin has been determined in vitro by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM). With monensin incubation alone (1×10−6 M), a flattening of the tegument with some loss of spines on the ventral surface is evident from 0.5 h onwards. Internally, the subtegumental musculature becomes grossly swollen, although there is no swelling of the infoldings of the basal plasma membrane of the tegument, even after 24 h incubation. Ouabain incubation (1×10−3 M) induces folding of the apical surface of the tegument from 0.5 h onwards, and this is accompanied by the formation of bleds and microvilli. Brief (0.5 h) exposure to ouabain (1×10−3 M) followed by monensin treatment (1×10−4 M, 3 h) leads to gross “vacuolation” of the tegument, but this is not due to swelling of the basal infoldings. The other main feature of ouabain-pretreated flukes is the projection of basal lamina-like material into the tegumental syncytium. Monensin treatment alone (1×10−6 M) results in the Golgi complexes of the tegumental cells becoming very diffuse from 1.5 h onwards, and relatively few secretory bodies are present in the cytoplasm. After 0.5 h incubation in ouabain (1×10−3 M), the Golgi complexes of the tegumental cells are indistinct, although numerous secretory bodies are still present. The classical monensin-induced swelling of the Golgi cisternae is observed in the tegumental cells only when monensin treatment (1×10−4 M, 3 h) was preceded by brief (0.5 h) exposure to ouabain (1×10−3 M). The results are discussed in relation to the postulated osmoregulatory role of the tegument and the role of sodium pumps in membrane function in the fluke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931280
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction between the deacetylated (amine) metabolite of diamphenethide (DAMD) and cytochemically demonstrable Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the tegument of Fasciola hepatica (1987)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1987), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relative effects on tegumental Na+/ K+ -ATPase activity in Fasciola hepatica of the deacetylated (amine) metabolite of diamphenethide (DAMD) (10 Μg/ml, 18 h) and the Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor ouabain (0.1 mM, 0.5 h) have been assessed cytochemically. In the normal tegument, Na+/K+-ATPase activity is particularly concentrated along the invaginations of the apical plasma membrane and the infoldings of the basal plasma membrane. Ouabain pretreatment significantly reduces the overall level of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, but does not induce swelling of the basal infolds. In contrast, DAMD does not significantly reduce either the level or distribution of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, but does cause a pronounced swelling of the basal infolds. The results are discussed in relation to the postulated action of diamphenethide as an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00536028
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diamphenethide — a reassessment of its pharmacological action (1988)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 74 (1988), S. 456-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract At a concentration of 1×10−4 M (28.84 Μg/ml), with a solvent concentration of 1.0% (v/v) ethanol, the deacetylated (amine) metabolite of diamphenethide (DAMD) causes an initial stimulation of activity, followed by suppression, leading to a paralysis within 3 h. These changes are accompanied by an increase in muscle tone of more than 200 mg. However, ethanol alone at a concentration of 1.0% (v/v) causes an initial stimulation of activity and increase in muscle tone (approximately 550 mg). If the concentration of DAMD is kept at 1×10−4 M (28.84 Μg/ml) but the solvent concentration reduced [e.g., 0.05% (v/ v) dimethyl sulphoxide], then only a suppression of motility and flaccid paralysis are observed. This response is also seen at the lower concentration of 10 Μg/ml, which corresponds to the maximum blood levels of DAMD in vivo. The sodium ionophore monensin induces a suppression of motility, leading to a rapid flaccid paralysis (in approximately 1.5 h at 1×10−7 M, and within a few minutes at higher concentrations). Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, also causes a suppression of motility, but this is accompanied by an increase in muscle tone, leading to a spastic paralysis (in approximately 2.5 h at 1×10−3 M, and 3.5 h at 1×10−4 M). Pretreatment with ouabain (1×10−3 M for 15 min) followed by monensin (1×10−5 M) reverses the original effect of monensin by inducing a rapid spastic paralysis (in approximately 50 min). A similar effect is observed with DAMD (10 Μg/ml) following ouabain pretreatment; a spastic paralysis is reached after approximately 80 min. The results are discussed in relation to the postulated activity of DAMD as a sodium ionophore, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, or neuromuscular depressant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00535146
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  • 14
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    Immunoreactivity to the pancreatic polypeptide family in the nervous system of the adult human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni (1990)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 15
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    Immunoreactivity to the pancreatic polypeptide family in the nervous system of the adult human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 16
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    The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: Zebrafish have become a popular organism for the study of vertebrate gene function. The virtually transparent embryos of this species, and the ability to accelerate genetic studies by gene knockdown or overexpression, have led to the widespread use of zebrafish in the detailed investigation of vertebrate gene function and increasingly, the study of human genetic disease. However, for effective modelling of human genetic disease it is important to understand the extent to which zebrafish genes and gene structures are related to orthologous human genes. To examine this, we generated a high-quality sequence assembly of the zebrafish genome, made up of an overlapping set of completely sequenced large-insert clones that were ordered and oriented using a high-resolution high-density meiotic map. Detailed automatic and manual annotation provides evidence of more than 26,000 protein-coding genes, the largest gene set of any vertebrate so far sequenced. Comparison to the human reference genome shows that approximately 70% of human genes have at least one obvious zebrafish orthologue. In addition, the high quality of this genome assembly provides a clearer understanding of key genomic features such as a unique repeat content, a scarcity of pseudogenes, an enrichment of zebrafish-specific genes on chromosome 4 and chromosomal regions that influence sex determination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3703927/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, Kerstin -- Clark, Matthew D -- Torroja, Carlos F -- Torrance, James -- Berthelot, Camille -- Muffato, Matthieu -- Collins, John E -- Humphray, Sean -- McLaren, Karen -- Matthews, Lucy -- McLaren, Stuart -- Sealy, Ian -- Caccamo, Mario -- Churcher, Carol -- Scott, Carol -- Barrett, Jeffrey C -- Koch, Romke -- Rauch, Gerd-Jorg -- White, Simon -- Chow, William -- Kilian, Britt -- Quintais, Leonor T -- Guerra-Assuncao, Jose A -- Zhou, Yi -- Gu, Yong -- Yen, Jennifer -- Vogel, Jan-Hinnerk -- Eyre, Tina -- Redmond, Seth -- Banerjee, Ruby -- Chi, Jianxiang -- Fu, Beiyuan -- Langley, Elizabeth -- Maguire, Sean F -- Laird, Gavin K -- Lloyd, David -- Kenyon, Emma -- Donaldson, Sarah -- Sehra, Harminder -- Almeida-King, Jeff -- Loveland, Jane -- Trevanion, Stephen -- Jones, Matt -- Quail, Mike -- Willey, Dave -- Hunt, Adrienne -- Burton, John -- Sims, Sarah -- McLay, Kirsten -- Plumb, Bob -- Davis, Joy -- Clee, Chris -- Oliver, Karen -- Clark, Richard -- Riddle, Clare -- Elliot, David -- Threadgold, Glen -- Harden, Glenn -- Ware, Darren -- Begum, Sharmin -- Mortimore, Beverley -- Kerry, Giselle -- Heath, Paul -- Phillimore, Benjamin -- Tracey, Alan -- Corby, Nicole -- Dunn, Matthew -- Johnson, Christopher -- Wood, Jonathan -- Clark, Susan -- Pelan, Sarah -- Griffiths, Guy -- Smith, Michelle -- Glithero, Rebecca -- Howden, Philip -- Barker, Nicholas -- Lloyd, Christine -- Stevens, Christopher -- Harley, Joanna -- Holt, Karen -- Panagiotidis, Georgios -- Lovell, Jamieson -- Beasley, Helen -- Henderson, Carl -- Gordon, Daria -- Auger, Katherine -- Wright, Deborah -- Collins, Joanna -- Raisen, Claire -- Dyer, Lauren -- Leung, Kenric -- Robertson, Lauren -- Ambridge, Kirsty -- Leongamornlert, Daniel -- McGuire, Sarah -- Gilderthorp, Ruth -- Griffiths, Coline -- Manthravadi, Deepa -- Nichol, Sarah -- Barker, Gary -- Whitehead, Siobhan -- Kay, Michael -- Brown, Jacqueline -- Murnane, Clare -- Gray, Emma -- Humphries, Matthew -- Sycamore, Neil -- Barker, Darren -- Saunders, David -- Wallis, Justene -- Babbage, Anne -- Hammond, Sian -- Mashreghi-Mohammadi, Maryam -- Barr, Lucy -- Martin, Sancha -- Wray, Paul -- Ellington, Andrew -- Matthews, Nicholas -- Ellwood, Matthew -- Woodmansey, Rebecca -- Clark, Graham -- Cooper, James D -- Tromans, Anthony -- Grafham, Darren -- Skuce, Carl -- Pandian, Richard -- Andrews, Robert -- Harrison, Elliot -- Kimberley, Andrew -- Garnett, Jane -- Fosker, Nigel -- Hall, Rebekah -- Garner, Patrick -- Kelly, Daniel -- Bird, Christine -- Palmer, Sophie -- Gehring, Ines -- Berger, Andrea -- Dooley, Christopher M -- Ersan-Urun, Zubeyde -- Eser, Cigdem -- Geiger, Horst -- Geisler, Maria -- Karotki, Lena -- Kirn, Anette -- Konantz, Judith -- Konantz, Martina -- Oberlander, Martina -- Rudolph-Geiger, Silke -- Teucke, Mathias -- Lanz, Christa -- Raddatz, Gunter -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- Zhu, Baoli -- Rapp, Amanda -- Widaa, Sara -- Langford, Cordelia -- Yang, Fengtang -- Schuster, Stephan C -- Carter, Nigel P -- Harrow, Jennifer -- Ning, Zemin -- Herrero, Javier -- Searle, Steve M J -- Enright, Anton -- Geisler, Robert -- Plasterk, Ronald H A -- Lee, Charles -- Westerfield, Monte -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Zon, Leonard I -- Postlethwait, John H -- Nusslein-Volhard, Christiane -- Hubbard, Tim J P -- Roest Crollius, Hugues -- Rogers, Jane -- Stemple, Derek L -- 095908/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 098051/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1 R01 DK55377-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD022486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01 HD22486/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085318/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 OD011116/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR010715/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01 RR020833/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23594743" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chromosomes/genetics ; Conserved Sequence/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genes/genetics ; Genome/*genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Annotation ; Pseudogenes/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Sex Determination Processes/genetics ; Zebrafish/*genetics ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 17
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    Fine-mapping host genetic variation underlying outcomes to Mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cows (2017)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-26
    Description: Susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is governed in part by host genetics. However, cattle diagnosed as infected with M. bovis display varying signs of pathology. The variation in host respon...
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 18
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    Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) showing varying emamectin benzoate susceptibilities differ in neuronal acetylcholine receptor and GABA-gated chloride channel mRNA expression (2013)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-06-20
    Description: Background: Caligid copepods, also called sea lice, are fish ectoparasites, some species of which cause significant problems in the mariculture of salmon, where the annual cost of infection is in excess of [euro sign]300 million globally. At present, caligid control on farms is mainly achieved using medicinal treatments. However, the continued use of a restricted number of medicine actives potentially favours the development of drug resistance. Here, we report transcriptional changes in a laboratory strain of the caligid Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kr[latin small letter o with stroke]yer, 1837) that is moderately (~7-fold) resistant to the avermectin compound emamectin benzoate (EMB), a component of the anti-salmon louse agent SLICE(R) (Merck Animal Health). Results: Suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was used to enrich transcripts differentially expressed between EMB-resistant (PT) and drug-susceptible (S) laboratory strains of L. salmonis. SSH libraries were subjected to 454 sequencing. Further L. salmonis transcript sequences were available as expressed sequence tags (EST) from GenBank. Contiguous sequences were generated from both SSH and EST sequences and annotated. Transcriptional responses in PT and S salmon lice were investigated using custom 15 K oligonucleotide microarrays designed using the above sequence resources. In the absence of EMB exposure, 359 targets differed in transcript abundance between the two strains, these genes being enriched for functions such as calcium ion binding, chitin metabolism and muscle structure. gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel (GABA-Cl) and neuronal acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits showed significantly lower transcript levels in PT lice compared to S lice. Using RT-qPCR, the decrease in mRNA levels was estimated at ~1.4-fold for GABA-Cl and ~2.8-fold for nAChR. Salmon lice from the PT strain showed few transcriptional responses following acute exposure (1 or 3 h) to 200 mug L-1 of EMB, a drug concentration tolerated by PT lice, but toxic for S lice. Conclusions: Avermectins are believed to exert their toxicity to invertebrates through interaction with glutamate-gated and GABA-gated chloride channels. Further potential drug targets include other Cys-loop ion channels such as nAChR. The present study demonstrates decreased transcript abundances of GABA-Cl and nAChR subunits in EMB-resistant salmon lice, suggesting their involvement in avermectin toxicity in caligids.
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-2164
    Topics: Biology
    Published by BioMed Central
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  • 19
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    Flatworm neuropeptides ? present status, future directions (1995)
    Springer
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    Publication Date: 1995-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 20
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    Current Threat of Triclabendazole Resistance in Fasciola hepatica (2016)
    Cell Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1471-4922
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-5007
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Cell Press
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