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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 8 (1992), S. 1784-1788 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 847-857 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Atmospheric ozone ; Filter instrument intercomparison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A commercial version of the prototype New Zealand narrowband interference filter instrument has been run at Garmisch-Partenkirchen since autumn 1977. The vicinity of the Dobson stations Hohenpeissenberg and Arosa permitted a check of the filter instrument's utility, reliability and long-term stability in total ozone measurement by (i) station to station-or ‘short-range’ intercomparisons of daily means and (ii) a several days' direct intercomparison at Arosa in spring 1978. The regression analysis with the Hohenpeissenberg data-covering the five month autumn-winter 1977/78 period with highly variable ozone-shows that the filter instrument's direct-sun modeX AD total ozone values were systematically too low by a conversion factor of 0.93. The excellent proportionality between the instruments is indicated by the standard deviation of only 1,3%. The (−7.0±1.3%) bias perfectly agrees with the result reported byBasher [1] for a similar, yet direct, intercomparison. During the direct Arosa intercomparison the filter instrument also tracked down short-time variations in a remarkable, though biased, parallelism with the Dobson instruments, and theX AD daily means fit well into the ‘prognostic’ relationship derived from the preceding autumn-winter ‘short-range’ intercomparison. A creeping deterioration of the characteristics of the 305.5 nm ‘double filter’ then prevented any furtherX AD total ozone intercomparison. No final decision is possible whether this behaviour after a half year's run is typical or just an unusual exception. The otherwise excellent long-term stability is demonstrated by the comparison of theX CD daily means with the HohenpeissenbergX AD data for a 1 1/2 year's period (autumn 1977–spring 1979), resulting in the same bias relationship as for theX AD total ozone measurements.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Stratospheric aerosol ; Stratospheric electric conductivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Profiles of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were measured by balloon-borne conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from January to May, 1980, when volcanic activity was low. The aerosol concentration has been deduced from the relative decrease of conductivity from surrounding values by assuming the effective attachment coefficient of ions to aerosols. A prominent decrease of the conductivity near the tropopause is usually observed indicating high concentrations of Aitken particles (500–1000 cm−3). A decrease of conductivity, well above the tropopause, is sometimes observed, probably due to the transport of tropospheric Aitken particles with high concentration (200–400 cm−3) into the stratosphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 77 (1969), S. 38-60 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The vertical-mass-exchange coefficient was determined from aerosol measurements by two independent methods; the measurements were kept up for a considerable period of time. Thus, well-substantiated relationships between the exchange coefficient on the one hand and meteorological parameters — especially the lapse rate — on the other were found to exist in the lower troposphere between 700 and 1800 m. The first of the two methods is based on measurements of RaB concentration in air at 700, 1800 and 3000 m, the second on recordings of soundings of overall air conductivity between 700 and 1800 m a.s.l. In the first case, mean exchange coefficients were computed from RaB concentration gradients given as averages from RaB measurements at the above-specified levels; in the second, the air conductivity data were used to compute particle concentration profiles, from which incremental exchange coefficients can be computed for thin-layer increments. The latter may be made as thin as is consistent with the vertical resolution of the soundings. The major results obtained were the following: a) The mean exchange coefficient for the 700–1800 and the 1800–3000 m layer is found to be a function of the average temperature lapse rate in the respective layer; this relationship is subject only to some slight statistic alscatter, and is affected in some measure by air-mass changes, wind shear and heat of condensation. b) The mean exchange coefficient is a function of the stability energy of the layer concerned, subject to the influences listed in a). c) The exchange coefficient of an inversion layer is a function of the greatest inverse lapse rate existing in any part of the inversion. d) Vertical mass exchange in or through a layer of any thickness is primarily determined by the lowest incremental mass-exchange coefficient of any thinner layer contained therein. — The study is supplemented by results of fine-structure analyses of discontinuity layers and their surroundings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zwei unabhängige Verfahren zur direkten Bestimmung des vertikalen Austauschkoeffizienten auf dem Wege über Aerosolmessungen werden über lange Zeiträume hinweg angewandt um gesicherte Beziehungen zwischen Austauschkoeffizient und meteorologischen Zustandsgrössen, vorallem des vertikalen Temperaturgrdienten, in der unteren Troposphäre zwischen 700 und 3000 m NN abzuleiten. Das eine Verfahren beruht auf der Messung der RaB-Konzentration in der Luft in 700, 1800 und 3000 m NN, das andere in der aerologischen Registrierung der totalen Luftleitfähigkeit zwischen 700 und 1800 m. Im ersten Falle können aus den mittleren Konzentrations gradienten die mittleren Austauschkoeffizienten direkt berechnet werden, im zweiten werden die Luftleitfähigkeitswerte zunächst in Partikelkonzentrationen umgerechnet. Diese gestatten die Be rechnung von differentiellen Austauschkoeffizienten über beliebig kleine Höhenintervalle. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind: a) Der mittlere Austauschkoeffizient zwischen 700–800 und 1800–300 m lässt sich bei geringer statischer Streuung als Funktion des mittleren Temperaturgradienten in der jeweiligen Schicht angeben. Nebeneinflüsse: Luftkörperwechsel, Kondensationswärme, Windscherung. b) Der mittlere Austauschkoeffizient lässt sich als Funktion der Stabilitäenergie in der betrachteten Schicht darstellen, Nebeneinflüsse wie bei a). c) Der Austauschkoeffizient durch eine Inversionsschicht hindruch ist eine Funktion des grössten positiven Temperaturgradienten in der Inversion. d) Der vertikale Austausch durch eine beliebig dicke Schicht hindurch wird im wesentlichen durch den kleinsten differentiellen Austauschkoeffizienten innerhald dieser Schicht bestimmt. — Schliesslich werden Ergebnisse über Feinstrukturuntersuchungen im Bereich von Unstetigkeitsschichten mitgeteilt.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 120 (1982), S. 11-17 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Tropospheric and stratospheric ions ; Volcanoes — effects on ion concentration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Balloon-borne observations of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were performed using conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from June to November, 1980, after the Mt St Helens eruption. A significant decrease of atmospheric ions in the altitudes from the troposphere to lower stratosphere has been detected until several months after the eruption in comparison with the observational results obtained before the eruption. Simulteneous ruby lidar observation a month after the eruption indicates an increased amount of aerosol at nearly the same altitude as that of conductivity decrease. Several months after the eruption it appears that aerosols detected by lidar and those effective in reducing ion concentration have different profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Mice, male ; dark exposure ; activation, light-restriction-induced ; pineal ; thyroid follicular cells, mitotic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1153-1154 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Halbseitige Kastration fÜhrt bei geblendeten Goldhamstermännchen mit Atrophie der Geschlechtsorgane nur nach Pinealektomie zu kompensatorischer Hodenhypertrophie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 88 (1984), S. 5763-5764 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physiology 35 (1973), S. 305-328 
    ISSN: 0066-4278
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Computer Science 2 (1987), S. 147-186 
    ISSN: 8756-7016
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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