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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 732-737 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Azaborolinyl Complexes, VI. Synthesis and Properties of the 1,2-Azaborolinyl Anion2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-Δ3-1,2-azaboroline (1) reacts with lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide [Li(TMP)] to give the lithium salt 2 of the 2-methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyl anion. Results of quantum chemical calculations with MNDO methods for the unsubstituted azaborolinyl anion as well as for the neutral azaboroline allow comparisons with data determined by X-ray investigation. 1 reacts with FeBr2 and CoBr2 to yield the sandwich complexes bis[2-methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyl]iron (3) and -cobalt (4), respectively. The molecular structure of 4 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods.
    Notes: 2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-Δ3-1,2-azaborolin (1) reagiert mit Lithium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidid [Li(TMP)] zum Lithiumsalz 2 des 2-Methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyl-Anions. Die Ergebnisse quantenchemischer Rechnungen nach der MNDO-Methode am unsubstituierten Azaborolinyl-Anion sowie am neutralen Azaborolin erlauben Vergleiche mit röntgenstrukturanalytisch ermittelten Daten. 1 reagiert mit FeBr2 und CoBr2 zu den Sandwichkomplexen Bis[2-methyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)-1,2-azaborolinyl]eisen (3) und -cobalt (4). Die Molekülstruktur von 4 wurde mittels Einkristall-Röntgenbeugungsmethoden bestimmt.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 653-660 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduction of β-Lactams, III. Synthesis of β-Thiolactams and Reduction with Raney NickelThe N-substituted β-lactams 1-3 react with P2S5 or Lawesson reagent (11) to give the β-thiolactams 5-7. The bi-β-lactam 4 is transformed by 11 to the bi-β-thiolactam 8, with P2S5 however rearrangement occurs to the bicyclic thiohydrazide 10.  -  Reduction with Raney nickel only in the case of 5 is suited for the synthesis of the corresponding azetidine (18), from 6-8 complex reaction mixtures are obtained, partial analysis was possible. 10 is reduced mainly to the bicyclic hydrazine 21 by Raney nickel.
    Notes: Aus den N-substituierten β-Lactamen 1-3 werden mit P2S5 oder Lawesson-Reagenz (II) die β-Thiolactame 5-7 erhalten. Das Bi-β-lactam 4 liefert mit 11 das Bi-β-thiolactam 8, mit P2S5 erfolgt jedoch eine Umlagerung zum bicyclischen Thiohydrazid 10.  -  Die Reduktion der β-Thiolactame mit Raney-Nickel eignet sich nur bei 5 zur Darstellung des Azetidins (18). Aus 6-8 wurden komplexe Produktgemische erhalten, deren partielle Analyse gelang. 10 liefert mit Raney-Nickel als Hauptprodukt das bicyclische Hydrazin 21.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 1557-1569 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Conformational Analysis of Aliphatic Hydrazines by Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 2. Cyclic and Bicyclic HydrazinesThe conformations of the cyclic N,N′-dimethylhydrazines 1-10, of the cyclic or bicyclic hydrazines 11-17, and of the 1,1′-bicycloamines 18-20 are analysed from their photoelectron spectra. The dihedral angles between the electron lone-pairs are found to vary from 45 to 180°. By means of these angles certain conformations can be assigned to 1-20. The results are discussed with reference to literature data.
    Notes: Die Konformationen der cyclischen N,N′-Dimethylhydrazine 1-10, der cyclischen bzw. bicyclischen Hydrazine 11-17 und der 1,1′-Bicycloamine 18-20 werden anhand ihrer Photoelektronenspektren analysiert. Die ermittelten Torsionswinkel zwischen den einsamen Elektronenpaaren liegen zwischen 45 und 180°. Mit ihrer Hilfe lassen sich 1-20 bestimmte Konformationen zuordnen. Die Befunde werden mit den Ergebnissen anderer Methoden verglichen.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 108 (1975), S. 1548-1556 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Conformational Analysis of Aliphatic Hydrazines by Photoelectron Spectroscopy, 1. Acyclic HydrazinesA general method for the conformational analysis of aliphatic hydrazines from their photoelectron spectra is established and applied to the acyclic compounds 2, 9-20. The method is based on a direct correlation of the dihedral angle φ between the two electron lone-pairs with the split Δ∊ of the n-orbitals obtained from the photoelectron spectra. Quantum chemical calculations by the MINDO/2 procedure suggest the relation Δ∊ = A cosφ + B. For the coefficients the values A = 2.20 eV and B = -0.15 eV are determined from compounds of known conformations. For 2, 9-20 only minor effects of the substituents on Δ∊ have been observed, therefore these compounds all exist in the gauche conformation.
    Notes: Ein allgemeines Verfahren zur Konformationsanalyse aliphatischer Hydrazine anhand ihrer Photoelektronenspektren wird entwickelt und auf die acyclischen Verbindungen 2, 9-20 angewendet. Das Verfahren gründet sich auf eine direkte Korrelation des Torsionswinkels φ zwischen den beiden einsamen Elektronenpaaren mit der aus dem Photoelektronenspektrum ermittelten Aufspaltung Δ∊ der beiden n-Orbitale. Quantenchemische Modellrechnungen nach der MINDO/2-Methode führen zu der Beziehung Δ∊ = A cosφ + B, deren Koeffizienten mithilfe von Verbindungen bekannter Konformation zu A = 2.20 eV und B = -0.15 eV bestimmt werden. Bei 2, 9-20 werden nur geringfügige Änderungen von Δ∊ mit der Substitution beobachtet, sie besitzen demnach sämtlich die gauche-Konformation.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 110 (1977), S. 1939-1949 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra and Conformations of HydrazobenzenesA comparison of the PE-spectra of hydrazobenzenes (6-10) and the corresponding anilines (1-5) indicates that the splittings of two pairs of ionization bands are conformation-dependent. An empirical relation between splittings and torsional angles :NN: is obtained by MINDO/2 calculations and model studies. The conformations of five acyclic (6-10) and six cyclic hydrazobenzenes (11-16) were determined. The anti-arrangement of the phenyl groups is found to correspond to the preferred conformation in the gas phase, unless the geometry of a cyclic system forces the molecule into another conformation.
    Notes: Ein Vergleich der PE-Spektren von Hydrazobenzolen (6-10) mit denen der entsprechenden Aniline (1-5) zeigt, daß zwei Bandenpaare eine konformationsabhängige Aufspaltung besitzen. Mit Hilfe von MINDO/2-Rechnungen und Modellstudien wird eine empirische Beziehung zwischen Bandenaufspaltung und :NN:-Torsionswinkel hergeleitet, die es gestattet, die Konformation von fünf acyclischen (6-10) und sechs cyclischen Hydrazobenzolen (11-16) zu ermitteln. Als bevorzugte Konformation der Hydrazobenzole in der Gasphase werden Formen mit anti-ständigen Phenylgruppen gefunden, die nur dann nicht auftreten, wenn die Geometrie eines Ringsystems eine andere Anordnung erzwingt.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduction of β-Lactams, II1). Reaction of 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-azetidinone and 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-biazetidine]-2,2′-dione with Phosphorous Oxychloride and 1,2-Phenylenedioxytrichlorophosphorane3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-biazetidin]-2,2′-dione (7) rearranges upon treatment with POCl3 to give the bicyclic hydrazide 8 which is then transformed into the monocyclic iminium salt 9. The azine 16, which is formed from 7 with 1,2-phenylenedioxytrichlorophosphorane (5), yields the 1,3,4-oxadiazole 18 after alkaline hydrolysis. 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-azetidinone (4) is cleaved to the imine 11 by POCl3 and is transformed into chloropivaloylaniline 20 by 5. The reagents mentioned as well as triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate are not suited for the activation of β-lactams prior to reduction.
    Notes: 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-biazetidin]-2,2′-dion (7) wird bei der Umsetzung mit POCl3 in das bicyclische Hydrazid 8 umgelagert, das dann in das monocyclische Iminiumsalz 9 umgewandelt wird. Mit 1,2-Phenylendioxytrichlorphosphoran (5) liefert 7 das Azin 16, aus dem bei alkalischer Hydrolyse das 1,3,4-Oxadiazol 18 entsteht. 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyl-2-azetidinon (4) wird mit POCl3 zum Imin 11 gespalten und mit 5 in Chlorpivaloylanilin 20 umgewandelt. Die genannten Reagenzien sind ebenso wie Triethyloxonium-tetrafluoroborat nicht zur Aktivierung der β-Lactame für eine nachfolgende Reduktion geeignet.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 117 (1984), S. 1659-1670 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reduction of β-Lactams, I. Reduction of 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl[1,1′-biazetidine]-2,2′-dione with Complex HydridesReduction of the title compound 7 with lithium aluminium hydride leads to four products 8 to 11 in yields depending on the reaction conditions. Compounds 8 to 10 are also obtained from the bicyclic hydrazide 12, isomeric with 7. Therefore, the reduction of 7 and 12 is likely to proceed in part via common intermediates. A reaction scheme is proposed to account for the generation of the products. With other hydride reagents complex reaction mixtures are obtained from 7. The reduction of 7 to 3,3,3′,3′-tetramethyl-1,1′-biazetidine (13) failed.
    Notes: Die Reduktion der Titelverbindung 7 mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid liefert die vier Produkte 8 - 11 in von den Reaktionsbedingungen abhängigen Mengenverhältnissen. Da die Verbindungen 8 - 10 auch aus dem mit 7 isomeren bicyclischen Hydrazid 12 erhalten werden, muß die Reduktion von 7 und 12 z. T. einheitlich ablaufen. Hierfür wird ein Reaktionsschema vorgeschlagen. Mit anderen Hydridübertragungsreagenizen entstehen aus 7 komplexe Produktgemische. Die Reduktion von 7 zu 3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethyl-1,1′-biazetidin (13) gelang nicht.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 1473-1482 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photoelectron Spectra and Conformations of Peroxides and OzonidesThe splitting Δε of the first two ionization potentials of peroxides can be related to the O - O-torsional angle ϕ by the equation Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) The photoelectron spectra of the acyclic or cyclic peroxides 1 - 10, of the 1,2,4,5-tetroxanes 12 and 13, and of the ozonides 14 - 16 have been interpreted with regard to gas phase conformations.
    Notes: Die Aufspaltung Δε der ersten beiden Ionisationspotentiale von Peroxiden läßt sich mit dem O  -  O-Torsionswinkel ϕ über die Beziehung Δε = 2.08 cos ϕ + 0.15 (eV) korrelieren. Die Photoelektronenspektren der acyclischen und cyclischen Peroxide 1 - 10, der 1,2,4,5-Tetroxane 12 und 13 sowie der Ozonide 14 - 16 wurden hinsichtlich der in der Gasphase vorliegenden Konformeren ausgewertet.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 1377-1380 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ab initio calculations ; Electronic structure ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic structure of the title compound 1 has been investigated by UV photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. 1 has two nearly degenerate nN lone-pair orbitals which form the two highest occupied MOs. The third highest occupied MO is mainly localized at the oxygen atom (n0). All calculations indicate that the molecule has a twisted C2 conformation.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 1 (1988), S. 267-273 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Organic Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The PE spectra of four stable bicyclic triaziridines with trifluoromethyl, methyl, phenyl, spirocyclopentane and spirocyclohexane substituents are measured. From a comparison of these experimental data with MNDO calculations the energies and the interactions of the nitrogen lone-pair orbitals were obtained. The trifluoromethyl group may be reliably simulated by a fluorine atom. The ionization potentials are unexpectedly high and so are the cyclovoltammetric anodic potentials. The MNDO valence electron densities are in agreement with the comparatively small differences in the chemical shifts of the differently substituted nitrogens of the triaziridine rings.
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