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  • 11
    Publication Date: 1994-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 13
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    In:  CLEAN. CO2 Large-Scale Enhanced Gas Recovery in the Altmark Natural Gas Field | Geotechnologien science report ; 19 ; Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 14
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    In:  Clean Energy Systems in the Subsurface: Production, Storage and Conversion ; Proceedings of the 3rd Sino-German Conference 'Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy', Goslar, Germany, 21-23 May 2013 | Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The large scale storage of energy is a great challenge arising from the planned transition from nuclear and CO2-emitting power generation to renewable energy production, by e.g. wind, solar, and biomass in Germany. The most promising option for storing large volumes of excess energy produced by such renewable sources is the usage of underground porous rock formations as energy reservoirs. Some new technologies are able to convert large amounts of electrical energy into a chemical form, for example into hydrogen by means of water electrolysis. Porous formations can potentially provide very high hydrogen storage capacities. Several methods have to be studied including high hydrogen diffusivity, the potential reactions of injected hydrogen, formation fluids, rock composition, and the storage complex. Therefore, in August 2012 the collaborative project H2STORE ("hydrogen to store") started to investigate the feasibility of using burial clastic sediments of depleted gas reservoirs as well as recently used gas storage sites as potential hydrogen storage media. In Germany, such geological structures occur at various geographic sites and different geological strata. These deposits are characterized by different geological-tectonic evolution and mineralogical composition, mainly depending on palaeogeographic position and diagenetic burial evolution. Resulting specific sedimentary structures and mineral parageneses will strongly control formation fluid pathways and associated fluid-rock/mineral reactions. Accordingly, H2STORE will analyze sedimentological, petrophysical, mineralogical/geochemical, hydrochemical, and microbiological features of the different geological strata and the German locations to evaluate potential fluid-rock reactions induced by hydrogen injection. Such potential reactions will be experimentally induced in laboratory runs, as analogues for naturally occurring processes in deep seated reservoirs. Finally, rock data determined before and after these experiments will be used as major input parameters for numerical modelling of mineralogical and microbiological reactions. Such reactions are expected to have a strong affect on rock porosity-permeability evolution and therefore the characteristics of flow processes in reservoir and the barrier properties of sealing rocks. The special topic of this study will be the modelling of hydrogen propagation in the subsurface reservoir formation supplemented by its mixing with the residual gases as well as the simulation of coupled bio-dynamic processes and of reactive transport in porous media. These numerical simulations will enable the transfer of experimental results from the laboratory runs to the field-scale and the formulation of the requirements for hydrogen storage in converted gas fields. Thus, the major objectives of H2STORE are to obtain fundamental data on the behaviour of clastic sediments in the presence of formation fluids and injected hydrogen, its impact on petrophysical features and the development of the most realistic modelling for proposed and experimentally induced rock alteration as well as complex gas mixing processes in potential geological hydrogen reservoirs. Moreover these results will be used when discussing the possibility of "green" eco-methane generation by hydrogen and carbon dioxide interaction in the geological underground.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The isotopic composition of mafic small-volume intra-plate magmatism constrains the compositions of the sub-continental mantle sources. The Nd, Pb, and Sr isotope signatures of widespread late Mesozoic to Quaternary intra-plate magmatism in NE Africa (Sudan, South Egypt) are surprisingly uniform and indicate the presence of a high-mu (mu = U-238/Pb-204) source in the mantle. The rocks are characterized by small ranges in the initial isotopic composition of Nd, Pb, and Sr and most samples fall within epsilon Nd ca. 3-6, Pb-206/Pb-204 ca. 19.5-20.5, Pb-207/Pb-204 ca. 15.63-15.73, Pb-208/Pb-204 ca. 39-40 and Sr-87/Sr-86 ca. 0.7028-0.7034. We interpret this reservoir as lithospheric mantle that formed beneath the Pan-African orogens and magmatic arcs from asthenospheric mantle, which was enriched in trace elements (U, Th, and light REE). Combining our new data set with published data of intra-plate magmatic rocks from the Arabian plate indicates two compositionally different domains of lithospheric mantle in NE-Africa-Arabia. The two domains are spatially related to the subdivision of the Pan-African orogen into a western section dominated by reworked cratonic basement (NE-Africa; high-mu lithospheric mantle) and an eastern section dominated by juvenile Pan-African basement (easternmost NE-Africa and Arabia; moderate mu lithospheric mantle). The compositions of the Pan-African lithospheric mantle and the MORB-type mantle of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden spreading centers could explain the Nd-Pb-Sr isotopic compositions of the most pristine Afar flood basalts in Yemen and Ethiopia by mixtures of the isotopic composition of regional lithospheric and asthenospheric sources.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Chemical and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Late Cenozoic to Quaternary small-volume phonolite, trachyte and related mafic rocks from the Darfur volcanic province/NW-Sudan have been investigated. Isotope signatures indicate variable but minor crustal contributions. Some phonolitic and trachytic rocks show the same isotopic composition as their primitive mantle-derived parents, and no crustal contributions are visible in the trace element patterns of these samples. The magmatic evolution of the evolved rocks is dominated by crystal fractionation. The Si-undersaturated strongly alkaline phonolite and the Si-saturated mildly alkaline trachyte can be modelled by fractionation of basanite and basalt, respectively. The suite of basanite–basalt–phonolite–trachyte with characteristic isotope signatures from the Darfur volcanic province fits the compositional features of other Cenozoic intra-plate magmatism scattered in North and Central Africa (e.g., Tibesti, Maghreb, Cameroon line), which evolved on a lithosphere that was reworked or formed during the Neoproterozoic.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  3rd Sino-German Conference & Excursions Underground Storage of CO2 and Energy (Goslar, Germany 2013)
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The large scale storage of energy is a great challenge arising from the planned transition from nuclear and CO2-emitting power generation to renewable energy production, by e.g. wind, solar, and biomass in Germany. The most promising option for storing large volumes of excess energy produced by such renewable sources is the usage of underground porous rock formations as energy reservoirs. Some new technologies are able to convert large amounts of electrical energy into a chemical form, for example into hydrogen by means of water electrolysis. Porous formations can potentially provide very high hydrogen storage capacities. Several methods have to be studied including high hydrogen diffusivity, the potential reactions of injected hydrogen, formation fluids, rock composition, and the storage complex. Therefore, in August 2012 the collaborative project H2STORE ("hydrogen to store") started to investigate the feasibility of using burial clastic sediments of depleted gas reservoirs as well as recently used gas storage sites as potential hydrogen storage media. In Germany, such geological structures occur at various geographic sites and different geological strata. These deposits are characterized by different geological-tectonic evolution and mineralogical composition, mainly depending on palaeogeographic position and diagenetic burial evolution. Resulting specific sedimentary structures and mineral parageneses will strongly control formation fluid pathways and associated fluid-rock/mineral reactions. Accordingly, H2STORE will analyze sedimentological, petrophysical, mineralogical/geochemical, hydrochemical, and microbiological features of the different geological strata and the German locations to evaluate potential fluid-rock reactions induced by hydrogen injection. Such potential reactions will be experimentally induced in laboratory runs, as analogues for naturally occurring processes in deep seated reservoirs. Finally, rock data determined before and after these experiments will be used as major input parameters for numerical modelling of mineralogical and microbiological reactions. Such reactions are expected to have a strong affect on rock porosity-permeability evolution and therefore the characteristics of flow processes in reservoir and the barrier properties of sealing rocks. The special topic of this study will be the modelling of hydrogen propagation in the subsurface reservoir formation supplemented by its mixing with the residual gases as well as the simulation of coupled bio-dynamic processes and of reactive transport in porous media. These numerical simulations will enable the transfer of experimental results from the laboratory runs to the field-scale and the formulation of the requirements for hydrogen storage in converted gas fields. Thus, the major objectives of H2STORE are to obtain fundamental data on the behaviour of clastic sediments in the presence of formation fluids and injected hydrogen, its impact on petrophysical features and the development of the most realistic modelling for proposed and experimentally induced rock alteration as well as complex gas mixing processes in potential geological hydrogen reservoirs. Moreover these results will be used when discussing the possibility of "green" eco-methane generation by hydrogen and carbon dioxide interaction in the geological underground.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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