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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ketanserin in essential hypertension: Effects during rest and exercise (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketanserin ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; plasma noradrenaline ; exercise ; orthostatic reflexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ketanserin is a new, specific serotonin receptor blocking agent, which causes vasodilatation, presumably by an action on the vascular wall. The antihypertensive response to ketanserin 40 mg twice daily as monotherapy was assessed in 8 patients with essential hypertension. The investigation was an 8 week, double-blind, cross over study, which also included measurements during isometric (handgrip) and dynamic exercise (bicycle ergometry), as well as determination of plasma catecholamines and ketanserin. Ketanserin caused a reduction of supine and standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) during rest and a slight bradycardia. Although there was attenuation of the pressor response to handgrip, treatment with ketanserin did not really affect the changes in BP or heart rate during exercise, i.e. the base-line differences remained the same. There was no significant correlation between the effect on BP and the plasma level of ketanserin. The changes in BP produced by ketanserin showed little correlation with the initial levels of plasma catecholamines or with alterations in those levels. Although the results did not indicate direct interference by ketanserin with sympathetic tone, the lack of reflexogenic tachycardia, as well as the lack of increase in plasma noradrenaline during hand grip, indicates at least some modulation of autonomic function. It is concluded that ketanserin lowers BP in essential hypertension without interference with cardiovascular reflexes during standing or exercise, and that the compound may offer an alternative approach in the treatment of hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037939
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yohimbine pharmacokinetics and interaction with the sympathetic nervous system in normal volunteers (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 651-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Yohimbine ; pharmacokinetics, noradrenaline, adrenaline, neuropeptide Y, healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of yohimbine and its effects on sympathoadrenal function were studied in 13 young, healthy, male volunteers after an IV bolus dose of 0.25 or 0.5 mg · kg−1. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that distribution was rapid, with a half life between 0.4 and IS min, and the elimination half life ranged between 0.25 and 2.5 h. The volume of distribution (Vss) was 741, (range 26 to 1271). Only 0.5 to 1 % of unchanged yohimbine was found in the urine, indicating that the major part of the drug was eliminated by hepatic clearance. Total plasma clearance was 1171. h−1, which exceeds the hepatic plasma flow. This means that yohimbine is a high extraction drug with considerable extra-hepatic metabolism. Fractional urine sampling revealed that 0.5-1 % of unchanged yohimbine was excreted in urine in a biphasic manner. The data also suggested the existence of a slower elimination phase, with a half life of 13 h. The venous plasma concentration of noradrenaline (NA) increased 3-fold within 15 min after the yohimbine injection while plasma adrenaline (A) and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY LI) remained unchanged. The plasma concentration-effect relationship of the changes in circulating NA followed counter-clockwise hysteresis. The results show that the hyperadrenergic state elicited by therapeutic doses of theα 2-adrenergic autoreceptor antagonist, yohimbine, is due to an interaction with NA but not to release of A or NPY in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284967
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of moexipril, a new ACE inhibitor, compared to hydrochlorothiazide in elderly patients (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Moexipril ; Hypertension ; Hydrochloro-thiazide; elderly patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To compare the antihypertensive efficacy of moexipril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Patients: Two hundred and one non-hospitalized male and female patients between 65 and 80 years of age with essential hypertension. Methods: This was a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with a parallel group design. Subjects with a sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 95 mmHg were randomized to monotherapy with placebo, moexipril 7.5 mg o.d., moexipril 15 mg o.d. or HCTZ 25 mg o.d. for 8 weeks. Results: Throughout the study period treatment with moexipril and HCTZ resulted in significant reductions of DBP compared with placebo, but there were no significant differences between the active treatment groups. At end point the adjusted mean reductions were 10.5, 8.7 and 10.1 mmHg in the HCTZ, moexipril 7.5 mg and moexipril 15 mg groups, respectively, compared to 3.9 mmHg in the placebo group. Treatment with moexipril was associated with two cases of first dose hypotension and two cases of moderate and reversible increases in serum creatinine levels. Otherwise, both dosages of moexipril were well tolerated and the overall percentages of patients who had adverse experiences were smaller than in the placebo group. Conclusion: Moexipril is well tolerated and is at least as effective as HCTZ in elderly patients with essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050104
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational phase relaxation at surfaces: The role of lateral interaction (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 3349-3352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have studied the temperature and coverage dependence of the vibrational line shape of the C–O stretch vibration for CO on Ru(001). We find that the narrow IR line profile which is observed for the ordered structure of CO on Ru(001) is due to the strong dipole–dipole coupling and that for low CO coverage (or in the isotopic dilution limit), where the lateral interaction is effectively zero, the linewidth of the C–O stretch mode increases in accordance with theory. The implication of this result is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453929
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the nature of dense CO adlayers (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 5034-5046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed Monte Carlo simulations in order to study the ordered structures formed by CO on Pt{111} at high coverage. The results are compared with LEED and infrared (IR) spectra. The calculations are based on a recently constructed potential energy surface for CO on Pt{111} and a CO–CO interaction potential deduced from the variation of the CO binding energy with coverage. Ordered adsorbate structures are obtained at θ=0.5, 0.6, 0.67, and 0.71 in the simulations. The so-called compression structures (θ〉0.5) are stabilized by the energy lowering which results when CO molecules at the high density domain walls move away from the on-top sites because of the unbalanced repulsive CO–CO interactions. If this relaxation channel is blocked, disordered adsorbate structures occur. We present the resulting (θ, T) phase diagram and discuss its qualitative properties. The LEED data show ordered structures at θ=0.5, 0.6, and 0.71, but, in contrast to previous results, or perhaps to the interpretation thereof, not at θ=0.67. The IR data show that the compression structures still consist of CO molecules adsorbed on distinct surface sites. Finally, we discuss the changes in adsorbate structures which would result from variations in the CO–substrate potential energy surface and, in the light of these results, briefly look at the Cu{111}–CO, Ni{111}–CO, and Pd{111}–CO chemisorption systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458539
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational dephasing by the exchange mechanism: Some new results (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 5610-5618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The exchange model of vibrational phase relaxation is studied. The vibrational line profile is obtained analytically in various limiting cases such as high temperature and large friction. Expressions for the first and second moments of the line profile are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449685
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenomenology of squeezing and sliding of molecularly thin Xe, CH4 and C16H34 lubrication films between smooth and rough curved solid surfaces with long-range elasticity (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3897-3914 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The properties of Xe, CH4 and C16H34 lubricant confined between two approaching solids are investigated by a model that accounts for the curvature and elastic properties of the solid surfaces. We consider both smooth surfaces, and surfaces with short-scale roughness. In most cases we observe well defined molecular layers develop in the lubricant film when the width of the film is of the order of a few atomic diameters, but in some cases atomic scale roughness inhibit the formation of these layers, and the lubricant exhibit liquid-like properties. An external squeezing-pressure induces discontinuous, thermally activated changes in the number n of lubricant layers. We observe that the layering transition tends to nucleate in disordered or imperfect regions in the lubrication film. We also present and discuss results of sliding dynamics for Xe and C16H34 lubrication films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491888
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic solids (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 5597-5610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We study the influence of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic solids. Most real surfaces have roughness on many different length scales, and this fact is taken into account in our analysis. We consider in detail the case when the surface roughness can be described as a self-affine fractal, and show that when the fractal dimension Df〉2.5, the adhesion force may vanish, or be at least strongly reduced. We consider the block-substrate pull-off force as a function of roughness, and find a partial detachment transition preceding a full detachment one. The theory is in good qualitative agreement with experimental data. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1398300
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friction dynamics for curved solid surfaces with long-range elasticity (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 5477-5484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this work I introduce a model that takes into account the effect of long range elasticity and apply it to study the boundary lubrication for curved solid surfaces. In particular, I investigate the sliding dynamics when the block and the substrate are separated by a molecular thin lubrication film. The role of elasticity and the origin of stick–slip motion is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290025
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Squeezing lubrication films: Layering transition for curved solid surfaces with long-range elasticity (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9524-9542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The properties of an atomic lubricant confined between two approaching solids are investigated by a model that accounts for the curvature and elastic properties of the solid surfaces. Well defined atomic layers develop in the lubricant film when the width of the film is of the order of a few atomic diameters. An external squeezing-pressure induces discontinuous, thermally activated changes in the number n of lubricant layers. The precise mechanism for these layering transitions depends on n, and on the lubricant-surface pinning barriers. Thus, in the absence of sliding, unpinned or weakly pinned incommensurate lubricant layers give rise to fast and complete layering transitions. Strongly pinned incommensurate and commensurate layers give rise to sluggish and incomplete transformations, resulting in trapped islands. In particular, for commensurate layers it is often not possible to squeeze out the last few lubricant layers. However, lateral sliding of the two solid surfaces breaks down the pinned structures, greatly enhancing the rate of the layering transitions. In the case of sliding, an important parameter is the barrier for sliding one lubricant layer with respect to the others. When this barrier is larger than the lubricant-surface pinning barrier, the lubricant film tends to move like a rigid body with respect to the solid surface. In the opposite case, slip events may occur both within the lubricant film and at the lubricant–solid interface, making the squeeze-out process much more complex. In some of the simulations we observe an intermediate phase, forming immediately before the layering transition. This transient structure has a lower 2D density than the initial phase, and allows the system to release elastic energy, which is the driving force for the phase transformation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481589
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