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  • 11
    Call number: S 97.0506(593-8)
    In: Tight gas reservoirs - natural gas for the future
    Description / Table of Contents: An integrated study was performed with the objective to improve reservoir quality prediction from 3D seismics, geological data and concepts. Seismic facies classes, derived from Neural Network analysis, correlate with reservoir characteristics. They can be used for predictive exploration purposes. Deformation zones indicate the extent of extensional fractures, which can have positive or negative effects on reservoir characteristics, depending on the diagenetic facies. The diagenetic conceptional model has been substantiated, verified in essential parts, and extended (inversion of reservoir qualities), based on well data, modelling and seismic analysis. Petroleum System Modelling added the time frame for diverse relevant processes and enabled to evaluate their effects on hydrocarbon migration. The importance of pre-oil hydrocarbon migration and spatial distance to Carboniferous source rocks for Rotliegend reservoir characteristics must be stressed.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    Edition: Als Ms. gedr.
    ISBN: 3936418314
    Series Statement: DGMK-Forschungsbericht 593-8
    Classification:
    Deposits
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Potsdam : GeoForschungsZentrum
    Call number: 21/AR 02.0013
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 60 S.
    Classification:
    Geophysical Exploration, Geophysical Prospecting
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 13
    Call number: AR 98/03
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 14
    Call number: 21/AR 04.0141
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: Getr. Zählung
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 15
    Description / Table of Contents: Research into the orogenic processes that shaped the continental crust of Europe has a long-standing tradition. Why the need to quantify and model? It is not just satisfactory to identify subduction zones, accretionary prisms, island arcs, extensional collapse and other standard items of the geodynamic menu. Such interpretations need to be quantified: extent and composition of subducted crust, angle and speed of subduction, amount and composition olmelts produced, heat sources for metamorphism. All such interpretations have to conform to first principles, and also to stand the test of quantitative balancing - a concept first developed for the conservation of length or volume in tectonic cross sections. Also in other fields, the correlation of causes and effects and the internal consistency of dynamic models requires a numerical approach. The present volume combines review articles with reports on recent progress in an attempt to address these aims. There is a foldout map of the region, which locates the main areas of outcrop and tectono-stratigraphic units, and a reassesment of the Palaeozoic time scale permits correlation of tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic events with the sedimentary record of the upper crust.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (459 Seiten)
    ISBN: 1862390738
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2023-01-21
    Description: An earthquake‐induced stress drop on a megathrust instigates different responses on the upper plate and slab. We mimic homogenous and heterogeneous megathrust interfaces at the laboratory scale to monitor the strain relaxation on two elastically bi‐material plates by establishing analog velocity weakening and neutral materials. A sequential elastic rebound follows the coseismic shear‐stress drop in our elastoplastic‐frictional models: a fast rebound of the upper plate and the delayed and smaller rebound on the elastic belt (model slab). A combination of the rebound of the slab and the rapid relaxation (i.e., elastic restoration) of the upper plate after an elastic overshooting may accelerate the relocking of the megathrust. This acceleration triggers/antedates the failure of a nearby asperity and enhances the early slip reversal in the rupture area. Hence, the trench‐normal landward displacement in the upper plate may reach a significant amount of the entire interseismic slip reversal and speeds up the stress build‐up on the upper plate backthrust that emerges self‐consistently at the downdip end of the seismogenic zones. Moreover, the backthrust switches its kinematic mode from a normal to reverse mechanism during the coseismic and postseismic stages, reflecting the sense of shear on the interface.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones, where one tectonic plate slides underneath the other, host the largest earthquakes on earth. Two plates with different physical properties define the upper and lower plates in the subduction zones. A frictional interaction at the interface between these plates prevents them from sliding and builds up elastic strain energy until the stress exceeds their strength and releases accumulated energy as an earthquake. The source of the earthquake is located offshore; hence illuminating the plates' reactions to the earthquakes is not as straightforward as the earthquakes that occur inland. Here we mimic the subduction zone at the scale of an analog model in the laboratory to generate analog earthquakes and carefully monitor our simplified model by employing a high‐resolution monitoring technique. We evaluate the models to examine the feedback relationship between upper and lower plates during and shortly after the earthquakes. We demonstrate that the plates respond differently and sequentially to the elastic strain release: a seaward‐landward motion of the upper plate and an acceleration in the lower plate sliding underneath the upper plate. Our results suggest that these responses may trigger another earthquake in the nearby region and speed up the stress build‐up on other faults.
    Description: Key Points: Seismotectonic scale models provide high‐resolution observations to study the surface deformation signals from shallow megathrust earthquakes. Surface displacement time‐series suggest a sequential elastic rebound of the upper plate and slab during great subduction megathrust earthquakes. Slip reversal may be caused by rapid restoration of the upper plate after overshooting and amplified upper plate motion.
    Description: SUBITOP Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Action project from the European Union's EU Framework Programme
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.024
    Keywords: ddc:551.22 ; analog modeling ; megathrust earthquake ; seismic cycle ; elastic rebound ; upper plate ; overshooting
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-09-29
    Description: Megathrust earthquakes impose changes of differential stress and pore pressure in the lithosphere‐asthenosphere system that are transiently relaxed during the postseismic period primarily due to afterslip, viscoelastic and poroelastic processes. Especially during the early postseismic phase, however, the relative contribution of these processes to the observed surface deformation is unclear. To investigate this, we use geodetic data collected in the first 48 days following the 2010 Maule earthquake and a poro‐viscoelastic forward model combined with an afterslip inversion. This model approach fits the geodetic data 14% better than a pure elastic model. Particularly near the region of maximum coseismic slip, the predicted surface poroelastic uplift pattern explains well the observations. If poroelasticity is neglected, the spatial afterslip distribution is locally altered by up to ±40%. Moreover, we find that shallow crustal aftershocks mostly occur in regions of increased postseismic pore‐pressure changes, indicating that both processes might be mechanically coupled.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: Large earthquakes modify the state of stress and pore pressure in the upper crust and mantle. These changes induce stress relaxation processes and pore pressure diffusion in the postseismic phase. The two main stress relaxation processes are postseismic slip along the rupture plane of the earthquake and viscoelastic deformation in the rock volume. These processes decay with time, but can sustain over several years or decades, respectively. The other process that results in volumetric crustal deformation is poroelasticity due to pore pressure diffusion, which has not been investigated in detail. Using postseismic surface displacement data acquired by radar satellites after the 2010 Maule earthquake, we show that poroelastic deformation may considerably affect the vertical component of the observed geodetic signal during the first months. Poroelastic deformation also has an impact on the estimation of the postseismic slip, which in turn affects the energy stored at the fault plane that is available for the next event. In addition, shallow aftershocks within the continental crust show a good, positive spatial correlation with regions of increased postseismic pore‐pressure changes, suggesting they are linked. These findings are thus important to assess the potential seismic hazard of the segment.
    Description: Key Points: A poro‐viscoelastic deformation model improves the geodetic data misfit by 14% compared to an elastic model that only accounts for afterslip. Poroelastic deformation mainly produces surface uplift and landward displacement patterns on the coastal forearc region. Neglecting poroelastic effects may locally alter the afterslip amplitude by up to ±40% near the region of maximum coseismic slip.
    Description: Helmholtz Association (亥姆霍兹联合会致力) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100009318
    Keywords: ddc:551
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-10-06
    Description: The behavior of the shallow portion of the subduction zone, which generates the largest earthquakes and devastating tsunamis, is still insufficiently constrained. Monitoring only a fraction of a single megathrust earthquake cycle and the offshore location of the source of these earthquakes are the foremost reasons for the insufficient understanding. The frictional‐elastoplastic interaction between the megathrust interface and its overlying wedge causes variable surface strain signals such that the wedge strain patterns may reveal the mechanical state of the interface. To contribute to this understanding, we employ Seismotectonic Scale Modeling and simplify elastoplastic megathrust subduction to generate hundreds of analog seismic cycles at a laboratory scale and monitor the surface strain signals over the model's forearc across high to low temporal resolutions. We establish two compressional and critical wedge configurations to explore the mechanical and kinematic interaction between the shallow wedge and the interface. Our results demonstrate that this interaction can partition the wedge into different segments such that the anelastic extensional segment overlays the seismogenic zone at depth. Moreover, the different segments of the wedge may switch their state from compression/extension to extension/compression domains. We highlight that a more segmented upper plate represents megathrust subduction that generates more characteristic and periodic events. Additionally, the strain time series reveals that the strain state may remain quasi‐stable over a few seismic cycles in the coastal zone and then switch to the opposite mode. These observations are crucial for evaluating earthquake‐related morphotectonic markers and short‐term interseismic time series of the coastal regions.
    Description: Key Points: Analog earthquake cycle experiments provide observations to evaluate the surface strain signals from the shallow megathrust. The extensional segment of the forearc overlays the seismogenic zone at depth. The strain state may remain quasi‐stable over a few seismic cycles in the coastal zone.
    Description: SUBITOP Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Action project from the European Union's EU Framework Programme
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 1114) “Scaling Cascades in Complex Systems”
    Description: https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2022.015
    Keywords: ddc:551.8 ; ddc:550.78
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 71 (1982), S. 579-601 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract It is proposed to determine certain aspects in the development of a geosyncline by constructing the gradient of coalification. The analysis provides important hints as to the degree of erosion (≈ postorogenic uplift — heigh above sea level), the total thickness of the geosynclinal sediments and the geosynclinal heat flow, which can all be partly evaluated. The application of the proposed method to the Ebbe anticline (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) produces some interesting results; close relations are recognised between the geosynclinal development and the tectonic structure of the anticline and the surrounding synclines. The Ebbe anticline, former zone of relatively lesser subsidence with elevated heat flow and largest uplift is regarded as a model case for the northeastern Schiefergebirge (and other, similarly built mountains?).
    Abstract: Résumé On propose de déterminer certains aspects du développement d'un géosynclinal avec l'aide du gradient de carbonisation. L'analyse donne d'importantes indications sur le degré de l'érosion (≈ soulèvement postorogénique — altitude), la puissance totale des sédiments géosynclinaux et le flux thermique, toutes grandeurs en partie déterminables. L'application de la méthode à l'anticlinal d'Ebbe (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge) apporte des résultats intéressants; l'existence de relations étroites entre le développement géosynclinal et la structure tectonique de l'anticlinal et des synclinaux voisins est reconnue. L'anticlinal d'Ebbe, autrefois zone de subsidence relativement faible avec flux thermique élevé et soulévement posttectonique le plus grand est considéré comme modèle pour la partie nord-est du Schiefergebirge (et d'autres montagnes de même type).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird vorgeschlagen, bestimmte Probleme bei der Rekonstruktion der Entwicklung einer Geosynklinale mit Hilfe der Erstellung von Inkohlungskurven anzugehen. Aus deren Analyse ergeben sich wichtige Hinweise auf das Maß der Erosion (≈Heraushebung — Höhe über NN), die Gesamtmächtigkeiten in der Geosynklinale und den Wärmefluß, Größen, die sich teilquantitativ erfassen lassen. Die Anwendung auf den Bereich des Ebbegroßsattels (nordöstliches Schiefergebirge) vermittelt interessante Ergebnisse; enge Beziehungen zwischen Großtektonik und vorangehender Geosynklinalentwicklung werden erkannt. Der Großsattel als ehemalige Zone relativ geringer Absenkung mit erhöhtem Wärmefluß und maximaler Heraushebung wird als Modellfall für das nordöstliche Schiefergebirge (auch andere, ähnliche Orogene?) angesehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 73 (1984), S. 619-649 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The coal rank of organic matter dispersed in sediments of the northern Rhenish Massif including the Eifel permits — having determined the relationship — an evaluation of the tectonic and paleogeothermic evolution of the considered area. Earlier views on this subject are confirmed: Anticlinoria develop from geosynclinal zones of relatively lesser subsidence with, at the same time, elevated geothermal gradients opposite to the synclinoria. Although subsidence and heat flow appear to be related in this way, the observed temperature field — frozen in the vitrinite reflectance data — probably is due to the effect of the superposition of a prekinematic, differentiated temperature field, influenced by differential subsidence, with a cooling front moving northwards in the géosynclinal filling during uplift. All greater structures visible in the geologic map of the Rhenish Massif result from a congruent synsedimentary pattern of subsidence coupled with an equally differentiated pattern of postkinematic uplift, the latter also being influenced by the geothermal regime. The proper process of folding does not cause more than an overprinting of the preexisting structures.
    Abstract: Résumé La dégradation thermique de la matière organique dispersée dans les sédiments du Schiefergebirge septentrional, y compris l'Eifel, permet, après détermination des relations, d'évaluer l'évolution tectonique et paléogéographique de la région considérée. Les vues antérieures sur ce sujet sont vérifiées: les anticlinaux de premier ordre résultent de zones géosynclinales à subsidence relativement réduite avec, en même temps, des gradients géothermiques élevés relativement aux synclinaux. Quoique subsidence et flux thermique paraissent liés de cette façon, le champ de température observé-attesté par les données de réflectance du vitrin-est probablement l'effet de la superposition d'un champ de température précinématique, codéterminé par des différences de subsidence, et d'un front de refroidissement se déplaçant vers le Nord pendant le soulèvement. Toutes les grandes structures que la cartographie a mis clairement en évidence dans le Schiefergebirge septentrional, sont à rapporter à un modèle de subsidence synsédimentaire associé à un soulèvement postcinématique différentiel, ce dernier peut-être aussi influencé par un régime géothermique. Au plissement proprement dit revient seulement le rôle d'un facteur se superposant aux structures déjà présentes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend vom Maß der Inkohlung organischer Substanz in den Gesteinen des nördlichen Schiefergebirges einschließlich der Eifel können nach der Bestimmung der Beziehungen Aussagen zur tektonischen Evolution und zur Paläogeothermie des betrachteten Gebietes getroffen werden. Es bestätigen sich frühere Ansichten, daß die Großsättel aus Bereichen verminderter Absenkungsgeschwindigkeit in der Geosynklinale mit gleichzeitig relativ höheren geothermischen Gradienten hervorgehen. Obgleich Absenkung und Wärmefluß derart miteinander verbunden scheinen, ist das in den Inkohlungsdaten abgebildete Wärmefeld wahrscheinlich der Effekt einer Überlagerung eines präkinematischen, durch Absenkungsdifferenzen mitbestimmten Wärmefeldes mit einer während der Heraushebung in der Geosynklinalfüllung nordwärts wandernden Abkühlfront. Alle im Kartenbild deutlichen Großstrukturen des nördlichen Schiefergebirges sind auf ein kongruentes synsedimentäres Absenkungsmuster im Verein mit einer — möglicherweise ebenfalls vom thermischen Regime beeinflußten — differentiellen Heraushebung zurückzuführen. Der eigentlichen Faltung kommt dabei nur die Rolle eines die vorhandenen Strukturen überprägenden Faktors zu.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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