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  • 11
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 107-111 
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: sol-gel coatings ; bioactivity ; suspensions ; corrosion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sol-gel materials have been proposed in last years for clinical applications. In this work, bioactive sol-gel coatings were prepared from suspensions of up to 25% wt. of bioactive glass (CaO·SiO2·P2O5) particles in a hybrid sol obtained from TEOS and MTES. Thick dip-coatings showed in vitro bioactivity after a few days, but glass-particles dissolution promotes a slight reduction in the corrosion resistance. In order to overpass this problem, a two-stage sol-gel coating system that includes a first SiO2 hybrid film, acting as barrier against corrosion, and an external bioactive layer from glass particle suspension is proposed. The obtained samples revealed significant improvement in their electrochemical behaviour, and showed in vitro bioactivity.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surface chemistry of silicon nitride is strongly influenced by the processing environment. Mixing and forming steps can modify the oxidation state at the surface of the particle. The aim of the present investigation is to determine the possible changes and interactions on the surface of the particle induced during processing by different techniques of formation, such as isostatic pressing and slip casting. The effect of mixing conditions on surface oxidation have also been analysed on the green cast and pressed bodies prepared by dry and wet mixing using both water and alcohol as the mixing vehicles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has been used to characterize surface oxidation of the silicon nitride taking into account the Si2p, N1s and O1s binding energies, as well as the corresponding photoelectron line intensities. All processing treatments result in some surface oxidation. The Si2p peaks have two components in all studied conditions (due to nitride and oxynitride species) whereas N1s peaks are doublets for slip-cast samples and singlets in the pressed samples, thus suggesting a displacement of oxidized species by silica. In the case of slip-cast samples, the dispersant tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) seems to form a protective screen on the particles preventing further oxidation.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 37 (1996), S. 663-670 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Keywords: porous media ; polyacrylamide ; mechanical degradation ; opposed jets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this work we present an experimental study of flow-induced degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in aqueous solutions flowing through porous media. The degradation is analyzed by passing the solution repeatedly through the medium at a constant flow velocity and the degraded solution is then characterized by porous media and opposed jets flows. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in deionized water, it exhibits a gradual extension thickening in the flow through porous media and opposed jets. In this case, the polymer degrades as it passes through the porous medium even at relatively low flow rates. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in an NaCl solution, it exhibits critical extension thickening in porous media flows, and it only degrades at Reynolds numbers that are higher than the onset of the extension thickening behavior. Chain degradation is therefore only encountered when extension thickening is produced. The results also show that the extent of degradation decreases as the pore size decreases.
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1824-3096
    Keywords: Menopause ; Havana ; Anthropometrics ; Body composition ; Discriminant Analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of the present study is to analyze the morphologic changes occurring along the period of a woman's life thatareknown as climacterium. Our sample consists of 648 women from different provinces of Cuba, but who lived in Havana for at least 15 years. Morphological variables such as height, weight, biliocristal and biachromial diameters and six subcutaneous fat skinfolds were measured. With regard to the menopausic condition, the sample was divided into three subpopulations: premenopausic, naturally menopausic and surgically menopausic (when the two ovaries had been removed). Age at menopause was calculated by both the “retrospective” (49.45±0.49) and “status quo” (48.83±0.02) methods. The results obtained point towards morphological differences between pre- and postmenopausic women. We observed greater accumulations of fatty tissue in the suprailiac regions of postmenopausal females. Lean body mass represents a bigger fraction of the total body weight in women who are still menstruating. In the case of surgically menopausic women, they are at a mid-distance between the premenopausic and naturally menopausic subpopulations. A discriminant analysis was carried out which confirmed the results previously observed. From this analysis it appeared the body mass index and the subcutaneous skinfolds are the variables that discriminante, that is, separate, the three subsamples.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Observations of impact sites were conducted at the Institut de Radio Astronomic Millimetrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope at Pico Veleta, Spain, on 17-28 July 1994. We searched for rotational lines of several molecular and ionic species that could plausibly be injected into, or generated in, ...
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 7 (1988), S. 210-212 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leaf protoplasts were isolated from axenic shoot cultures of four varieties of Capsicum annuum (Americano, Dulce Italiano Florida Gynat and Nigrum) and a wild species C. chinense. Protoplasts of both species, cultured in KM8P medium and using agarose bead culture, entered division with the exception of the variety Nigrum. Cell colonies formed callus in agar-solified MS medium supplemented with zeatin and for C. annuum v. Dulce Italiano shoots were regenerated when protoplast-derived calli were transferred to MS medium with 6-BAP. Excised shoots were rooted on MS medium which lacked phytohormones.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 576-580 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen culture ; Pollen maturation ; Pollination ; Triticum aestivum ; Gliadins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immature pollen of two varieties of Triticum aestivum, at the stage right after the first pollen mitosis, was isolated from individual anthers and cultured in microcultures of microliter droplets. In a specifically designed medium, some of the pollen grains developed to maturity. These were applied to excised stigmas on agar, where they produced pollen tubes. Application to flowers in vivo led to seed set. Pollen was matured in vitro from a variety that produced a different protein banding pattern on SDS-PAGE as compared to the variety that was pollinated. The protein banding in the produced seeds showed the hybrid pattern, demonstrating that the seeds were not produced by self-pollination in this in-breeding species but by pollination with the in-vitro-matured pollen.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Pollen (culture, development) ; Pollen maturation (in vitro)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Immature tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) pollen has been isolated from anthers in three distinct stages of development, including the microspore stage. In in-vitro cultures, fully functional, mature pollen was obtained. In a germination medium, this pollen produced pollen tubes. After application to stigmas in situ, the in-vitro-matured pollen fertilized ovules, and seeds were produced. Genetic tests with seedlings obtained from pollinations with in-vitro-matured pollen from a transgenic plant revealed normal Mendelian segregation of two marker genes, the neomycin-phosphotransferase II gene and the nopaline-synthase gene. These results are of interest with respect to the control of self-incompatibility, cytoplasmic male sterility and pollen-allergen formation, and it offers an alternative route for gene transfer in those plants which cannot be regenerated in vitro.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1573-0794
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Spectroscopic observations of comet Hale-Boppwere undertaken near perihelion at millimetre wavelengths with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) telescopes at Plateau de Bure (France)and Pico Veleta (Spain). They resulted in the first detections of HCOOH,SO2, NH2CHO and HCOOCH3 in a comet. HDO was detected through its312–221 line at 225.897 GHz,complementing the observation of the 101–000 line at 464.925 GHz at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Meier et al., 1998,Science 279, 842).Several unidentified lines are present in the spectra. Observations of HC3N, HNCO, OCS, SO, CN, CO+, HCO+, in addition to more ‘classical’species CO, HCN, HNC, CH3CN, CH3OH, H2CO, CS and H2S (Biveret al., this issue) permit us to make out an extensive inventory of the composition of the coma of comet Hale-Bopp at its perihelion. It presents strong analogies with gas-phase abundances measured in interstellar hot cores and bipolar flows, which are believed to reflect the composition of interstellar grains.
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