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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreflectance study of surface photovoltage effects at (100)GaAs surfaces/interfaces (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 260-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a photoreflectance study of surface photovoltage (VS) effects on the determination of Fermi level pinning (VF) on (100) n-GaAs in air and with W-metal coverage (in situ) as a function of temperature (77 K〈T〈450 K) and light intensity (I). The dependence of VS on T and I can be explained by a modification the theory of M. Hecht [Phys. Rev. B 41, 7918 (1990)] yielding a value of VF=0.73±0.02 V. The effect of metal coverage is to reduce the influence of VS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104682
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CdZnTe Array Detectors for Synchrotron Radiation Applications (1998)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 5 (1998), S. 1332-1336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An X-ray linear-array detector was fabricated using high-pressure Bridgman-grown CdZnTe. The detector area was 175 × 800 µm and the pitch size was 250 µm. The measured dark current for the test 16-element detector was as low as 0.1 pA at 800 V cm−1 with excellent uniformity. Energy spectra were measured using a 57Co radiation source. Both a small-pixel effect and charge sharing were observed. For the arrays, an average 5.8% full width at half-maximum (FWHM) at the 122 keV photopeak was obtained with a standard deviation of 0.2%. A large-area detector (1 × 1 cm) of the same material before fabrication exhibited a low-energy tail at the photopeak, which limits the photopeak FWHM to 8%, typically due to hole trapping. At energies below 60 keV, charge sharing between elements was observed. The charge sharing was greatly reduced by providing a path to ground for unwanted charges. A prototype readout electronic system for an eight-channel array detector was developed. A readout system intended for a multielement solid-state detector system was also used. The array detector will be used for high-energy diffraction and Compton scattering measurements at the Advanced Photon Source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598007237
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Local structure of guest molecules in gas hydrates – a model study of Kr and Xe clathrates (2001)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 972-974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Gas hydrates constitute a class of solids in which small molecules occupy cavities inside an ice-like structure. There is enormous scientific and technological interest in understanding the structure, stability and formation mechanism of clathrates. A variable-temperature high-pressure cell for X-rays measurements has been developed and constructed, which allows in situ studies of clathrate formation or decomposition. XAFS and diffraction techniques have been used to study the evolution of the structure during formation and decomposition. Two clathrates structures were studied, structure I (Xe) and structure II (Kr), and the local structure around the guest atom was identified. The rare gas-water complexes that act as precursor to the formation of the crystalline phases were identified. The transformation of the clathrate from structure II to structure I when Xe is added to Kr clathrates was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049500013686
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron energy loss study of TiC [111] (1992)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 87 (1992), S. 117-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The electron energy loss (EEL) spectra of TiC (111) were measured over a wide range of electron primary energies. The electron energy losses below 16 eV were analyzed using the theoretical band calculations of Price and Cooper [11]. The volume and surface plasma excitations were identified from their electron primary energy dependence. Energy losses due to core electrons autoinization effects were identified above 35 eV. We observed a difference in the electronic structure of the surface vs the bulk of TiC. The temperature dependence of the EEL spectra was studied between 300 to 1250 K. The reaction of the TiC surface with ethylene and oxygen was also investigated. The ethylene bonding to the TiC surface was found to be very weak. There is evidence of the formation of surface defects on the TiC (111) surface at high temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01308266
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resonant x-ray reflectivity measurements of a Ni/Fe alloy thin film: A composition profile (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the composition profile of a Ni/Fe permalloy (0.8 Ni/0.2 Fe) thin film using glancing incidence X-ray reflectivity. Resonant reflectivity measurements were carried out by tuning the X-ray energy below and above, close and away from the respective K-edges of Fe and Ni. The information obtained using this method allows a determination of not only the electron density but also the composition profiles of the Ni/Fe alloy thin film. This non-destructive technique is a promising tool for the determination of the chemical composition of thin film. We used a matrix formalism to describe the wave propagation in a continuous medium. In our calculations, we used linear segments to approach the local electron density profile at the interfaces and Gaussian factors to account for the rms(root mean squre) roughness due to irregularities in the boundary position. We were able to obtain excellent fits to the data and get consistent geometry and composition parameters from the reflectivity measurements at five different X-ray energies. We detected oxidation layers on the top surface and between the alloy thin film and the substrate. We observed also that the Ni/Fe composition at the interfaces deviate from that of the bulk of the thin film sample.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317230
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of thin films of FeS2 (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 2761-2763 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610653
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technological applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy (1986)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 27 (1986), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A brief review is given of some recent industrial applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy. One of the most desirable futures of the Mossbauer effect is the feasibility of performing in situ measurements. Such measurements are extremely important especially in the upgrading of coal derived liquids. Such applications have been very successful in understanding the role of iron sulfides stoichiometries in direct coal liquefaction. The use of in situ techniques in invaluable in the investigation of the metal support interaction and their relation to carburization processes in Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Some examples of such applications will be presented in this paper. In this paper, emphasis will be placed in the use of a multiple technique approach to elucidate scientific problems of industrial importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02354751
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of Ag, Fe and Ge microclusters (1989)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 12 (1989), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 78.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structures of Ag, Fe and Ge microclusters were determined using EXAFS. The measurements were performed over a wide range of clusters sizes. The clusters were prepared using the gas aggregation technique and isolated in solid argon at 4.2 K. The measurements were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at beam line X-18B. A strong contraction of the interatomic distances was observed for Ag dimers and multimers. Silver clusters larger than 12 A mean diameter show a small contraction of thenn distance and a structure consistent with an fcc lattice. By contrast clusters smaller than 12 A show the presence of a small expansion and a strong reduction or absence ofnnn in the EXAFS signal. This points towards a different crystallographic structure for Ag microclusters with diameter less than 12 A. In iron clusters we observe a gradual reduction of thenn distance as the cluster size decreases. The interatomic distance for iron dimers was determined to be 1.94 A, in good agreement with earlier measurements. The iron microclusters show a bcc structure down to a mean diameter of 9 A. Iron clusters with 9 A mean diameter show a structure inconsistent with a bcc lattice. The new structure is consistent with an fcc or hcp lattice. The measurements on Ge clusters show the presence of only nearest neighbors. There was clear evidence of temporal annealing as determined by variations in the near edge structure of the K-absorption edge. Absorption edge measurements were also performed for free Ge clusters travelling perpendicular to the direction of the synchrotron radiation beam. The measurements performed on the free clusters were consistent with those obtained for matrix isolated clusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01426915
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  • 19
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    Determination of valence of Cu in superconductingLa2−x(Sr,Ba)xCuO4 (1987)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 20
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    Effect of the electron mean free path in small particles on the extended (1989)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-15
    Print ISSN: 0163-1829
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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