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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the domestic fowl, Gallus g. domesticus (1982)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 86 (1982), S. 551-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Evidence is presented to demonstrate the presence of W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences in the female White Leghorn chicken, Gallus g. domesticus, based on two different experimental approaches. First, 3H-labelled, female chicken DNA was hybridized with excess, unlabelled, mercurated, male DNA, and unhybridized single-stranded 3H-DNA (3H-SHU-DNA) was recovered by SH-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Approximately 24% of the hybridizable 3H-SHU-DNA was female-specific and localized on the W chromosome. The second approach was to examine female-specific DNA fragments among the digests of chicken DNA with various restriction endonucleases. Among them, we found that digestion with XhoI produced two prominent female-specific bands of 0.60 kb (= kilobase pairs) and 1.1 kb. The 0.60 kb fragment was isolated and 3H-labelled by nick-translation. Female-specificity of the 3H-XhoI—0.60 kb DNA was judged to be at least 95% under the conditions of hybridization with membrane filter-bound DNA. Presence of amplified XhoI—0.60 kb DNA on the W chromosome seems to be limited to different lines of G. g. domesticus and no such repeat was detected in three species belonging to other genera in the order Galliformes and in three species belonging to other avian orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330126
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleotide sequences and unusual electrophoretic behavior of the W chromosome-specific repeating DNA units of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus (1987)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 96 (1987), S. 18-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Nucleotide sequences of three independently cloned repeating units of the W chromosome-specific repettive DNA sequences (“XhoI family”) of the chicken were determined. All three units are 717 bp long with XhoI sites at both ends. There are only 21 sites out of 717 bases where a single base change occurs in one of the three clones. Each of these repeating units consists of 34 tandem repeats of about 21 bp. Sequences of some members of these internal repeats are not well conserved, but the majority of the repeats are characterized by the presence of (A)3–5 and (T)3–5 clusters separated by 6–7 relatively G+C-rich base pairs. One striking feature of the cloned 717 bp repeating units is that they migrate unusually slowly on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The same feature is also shown by a genomic population of the 0.7 kb repeating units recovered from XhoI digests of the genomic DNA of the female chicken. This anomalous behavior is attributed to the occurrence of DNA curvatures because of the above sequence characteristics and partial recovery of the electrophoretic mobility in the presence of distamycin A. Another feature of the 717 bp repeating unit is the presence of 438 and 159 nucleotide-long open reading frames (ORFs) at each end of the unit. A possible function of the XhoI family sequences in the heterochromatization of the W chromosome and the significance of the ORFs are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285878
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of female-specific bent-repetitive DNA sequences in the genomes of turkey and pheasant and their interactions with W-protein of chicken (1989)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 98 (1989), S. 250-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two female-specific repetitive DNA units, the 0.4 kb PstI and 0.5 kb TaqI sequences, were detected in the genomic DNA of turkey and pheasant, respectively, by Southern blot hybridization under non-stringent conditions with the W chromosome-specific 0.7 kb XhoI repetitive unit of chicken as a probe. Cloning and sequencing of these two repetitive units revealed that they shared features with the XhoI family repetitive unit of chicken although the overall similarities of the nucleotide sequences were less than 60%. In common with the chicken XhoI family they consisted of tandem repeats of about 21 bp, the majority of which contained (A)3–5 and (T)3–5 clusters separated by six or seven relatively G+C-rich sequences, and they behaved as bent DNA molecules on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at room temperature. W-protein, purified from chicken liver nuclei and shown to bind with high affinity to the XhoI family repetitive unit, also bound with the cloned repetitive units from turkey and pheasant. DNase I footprint analysis suggested that the mode of interaction of W-protein with these units was similar to that with the 0.7 kb XhoI sequence. On the other hand, W-protein did not bind to the female-specific 0.4 kb BamHI repetitive unit from the Bobwhite quail. The 0.4 kb BamHI sequence contained some A and T clusters but these clusters did not appear in phase with the pitch of DNA helix and the repetitive unit did not show DNA bending.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327310
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genus specificity and extensive methylation of the W chromosome-specific repetitive DNA sequences from the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus domesticus (1984)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 89 (1984), S. 228-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two female-specific repeating DNA units of 0.6 kilobase pairs (kb) and 1.1 kb, produced by digesting the genomic DNA of the White Leghorn chicken with Xho I, were cloned by inserting them into the Xho I site of an Escherichia coli plasmid vector pACYC177. Two such recombinant plasmids, pAGD0601 and pAGD1101, containing a single 0.6-kb and 1.1-kb sequence, respectively, were used as molecular probes. In situ hybridization of the 3Hprobes to the metaphase chromosomes from the female White Leghorn embryos revealed their localization in the W chromosome. Semiquantitative Southern blot hybridization with 32P-probes in excess indicated that the 0.6-kb unit and 1.1-kb unit were repeated approximately 14,000 and 6,000 times, respectively, in the W chromosome. The two units comprised about 46% of the W chromosomal DNA. These two repeating units were found in the female genomes of every line of Gallus g. domesticus tested and in the female genomes of three jungle fowl species (G. gallus, G. sonneratii, and G. varius) but not in three species belonging to other genera in the suborder Galli. Hha I sites in the 0.6-kb and 1.1-kb repeating units were shown to be extensively methylated and a significant fraction of the Hpa II sites in the 0.6-kb repeating units were also shown to be methylated in the female genome of the White Leghorn. Methylation patterns of Hpa II sites in or around the 0.6-kb repeating units examined by the Msp I digestion were similar in the various lines of domestic fowls and the two species of jungle fowls, but G. varius (black or green jungle fowl) produced a different pattern of digestion with Msp I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295004
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and localization of two genes on the chicken Z chromosome: implication of evolutionary conservation of the Z chromosome among avian species (1993)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 1 (1993), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Gallus gallus domesticus ; Z chromosome ; IREBP gene ; ZOV3 gene ; immunoglobulin superfamily protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA clone containing an insert of about 3.4 kb, pCIREBP, was isolated from the chicken liver cDNA library and identified as a clone for the chicken homologue of iron-responsive element-binding protein (IREBP). The deduced amino acid sequence showed 88% identity with that of the mouse IREBP and 17 out of the 20 active site residues of the pig heart mitochondrial aconitase were conserved. Another cDNA clone, pZOV3, containing an insert of about 4.5 kb was isolated from the chicken ovary cDNA library. This cDNA contained an open reading frame for 327 amino acid residues, whose sequence had partial similarity to two immunoglobulin superfamily proteins; mouse GP-70 and chicken HT7. Fluorescencein situ hybridization using corresponding genomic clones revealed that both genes are localized on the Z chromosome; the ZOV3 gene at the middle of the short arm and the IREBP gene at the boundary of heterochromatin on the long arm. Southern blot hybridization to male and female genomic DNA preparations from six species representing five avian genera suggested that these two genes are Z-linked in all the species tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710129
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation of Z and W Chromosomes Revealed by Replication Banding and FISH Mapping of Sex-chromosome-linked DNA Markers in the Cassowary (Aves, Ratitae) (1999)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 7 (1999), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Casuarius casuarius ; sex chromosome ; structural rearrangement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We identified sex chromosomes of the double-wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) by a replication banding method. The acrocentric Z chromosome, the fifth largest pair in males and slightly smaller W chromosome show no sign of heterochromatinization and share a nearly identical banding pattern in the distal half of the long arm. These chromosomes were further characterized by FISH with three probes linked either to Z or W chromosome in most avian species examined thus far. Contrary to the situation in the chicken, we obtained positive signals with Z-specific ZOV3 and W-specific EE0.6 in the distal region of both Z and W chromosomes. However, IREBP signals localized to the proximal half of the Z chromosome were not detected on the W chromosome. Thus, structural rearrangements such as deletions and inversions might have been the initial step of W chromosome differentiation from an ancestral homomorphic pair in this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009236103013
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 5 (1997), S. 353-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:CHRO.0000038770.81130.5b
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of DNA sequences constituting the terminal heterochromatin of the chicken Z chromosome (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 4 (1996), S. 411-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: fluorescencein situ hybridization ; Gallus ; heterochromatin ; macrosatellite DNA ; Z chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two clones, pCZTH5-8 and pCZTH12-8, were isolated from a female chicken genomic library by screening with sequences obtained from genomic libraries which had been constructed from a terminal region of a single Z chromosome of chicken utilizing laser microbeam irradiation and PCR amplification. Fluorescencein situ hybridization to the mitotic Z chromosome and the lampbrush ZW bivalent of chicken demonstrated that both the cloned sequences are located in the heterochromatic region of the Z chromosome at the end opposite to the pairing region with the W chromosome. The sequences pCZTH5-8 and pCZTH12-8 are distributed widely on both the telomeric bow-like loops (TBL) and the region I (short loops region) of the Z lampbrush chromosome. These clones, pCZTH12-8 particularly notably, hybridized also to the TBLs of lampbrush bivalents 1–4 of chicken. Both sequence are transcribed in the lampbrush stage oocytes on the Z chromosome and on other macrobivalents. The subfragment of pCZTH5-8 which hybridizes to the TBLs and the insert of pCZTH12-8 contain regions that are closely similar in sequence. The pCZTH5-8 sequence has no internal repeats and may be part of the 24-kb macrosatellite repeating unit that is evident afterNhel digestion of the genomic DNA. A cloned 24-kb unit, pFN-1, does not show significant DNA curvature, but cytosines of its CpG dinucleotides may be highly methylatedin vivo. This contrasts with the repeat sequences of the W heterochromatin which not only have highly methylated CpG but are also strongly curved. The 24-kb unit is repeated about 830 times in the diploid genome of a female chicken, suggesting that nearly the entire terminal heterochromatin on the Z chromosome consists of this macrosatellite family. Sequences of the greater part of the pCZTH5-8 are restricted to the genusGallus but the sequence of one subregion which hybridizes to TBLs is present in the genomes of the order Galliformes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265048
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization and cytological mapping of a non-repetitive DNA sequence region from the W chromosome of chicken and its use as a universal probe for sexing Carinatae birds (1997)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 5 (1997), S. 93-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: Carinatae birds ; EE0.6 sequence ; Gallus gallus domesticus ; universal sexing probe ; W chromosome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A non-repetitive genomic DNA region of about 25 kb was cloned from the W chromosome of chicken using a genomic library prepared from a single W chromosome of the chicken. This region was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with mitotic and lampbrush chromosomes to a position between the major EcoRI family and the pericentromeric XhoI family on the W chromosome. A 0.6-kb EcoRI fragment(EE0.6) subcloned from this region consists of a sequence that can be obtained by the exon-trapping procedure and flanking sequences. Sequences, which are closely similar to that of EE0.6, are widely conserved on the W chromosomes of Carinatae birds, as revealed by Southern blot hybridization to HindIII-digested female and male genomic DNAs from 18 species of birds belonging to eight different taxonomic orders. The female sex of those birds can be determined by the presence of an unambiguous female-specific band. For many species of birds, the female sex can also be determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a set of primers from the flanking sequences in the chicken EE0.6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018461906913
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  • 20
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    Unknown
    Chromosomes, DNA sequences, and evolution in salamanders of the genus Plethodon (1974)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-5915
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0886
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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