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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of an octosporeosis on the locomotor activity of adultPhormia regina (Meigen) (Dipt. Calliphoridae) (1965)
    Springer
    BioControl 10 (1965), S. 339-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Auswirkungen einer Octosporeosis auf die Bewegungsaktivität adulterPhormia regina wurden im Labor untersucht. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse deuten an, dass die Aktivität einiger kranker Fliegen nicht ernstlich reduziert wird innerhalb der ersten zwei Wochen nach einer inflzierenden Mahlzeit. Während der zweiten und dritten Woche istt die Bewegungsaktivität der erkrankten Fliegen jedoch deutlich herabgesetzt. Es wird angenommen, dass der Kot sehr beweglicher Fliegen mit subakuten Infektionen eine Infektionsquelle darstellt, von der aus das Futter anderer Fliegen unter natürliche Verhältnissen mit infektiösen Sporen kontaminiert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02387074
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shedding laser light on the subject (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 1079-1080 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Experienced physicians still formulate diagnoses on the basis of a careful examination of the patient. This may be as simple as shining a light on the skin to analyze a suspicious irregularity more carefully, or may require illuminating and probing an area of a body cavity not easily accessible to ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1096-1079
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the spiral plate and laser colony counting techniques for the enumeration of bacteria in foods (1979)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 6 (1979), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary (1) In a parallel study, samples of food and dairy products, bacterial cultures and spore suspensions were examined by two operators using both the spiral plate and surface drop techniques for counting bacteria. (2) Statistical analyses of the results showed no differences between the methods at the 5% level of probability; regression and correlation coefficients were highly significant. A variation between paired counts of less than 0.5 log10 cycles was given by 95% of the samples. (3) The replicate variances of both methods were 〈0.006, indicating good agreement betweeen duplicate plates. (4) An electronic laser counter used in this study was found to give comparable results (r=0.966) to the grid-method of colony counting in a substantially shorter time. (5) Analysis of operation times and material requirements for each method showed that significant savings in cost, time, space and support labour could be achieved with the spiral plate method over conventional techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00508101
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entomophthora sepulchralis thaxter (entomophthoraceae): Its rediscovery and experimentally induced infections in muscoid flies (1980)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 70 (1980), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Entomophthorosis ; Tipula caloptera ; Entomophthora sepulchralis ; Musca domestica ; Phormia regina
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Entomophthora sepulchralis was found parasitizing a large banded winged crane fly Tipula (Yamatotipula) caloptera in upstate New York. The only previous account of this fungus appears to be Thaxter's original description of the species in 1888. Muscoid flies Phormia regina and Musca domestica were susceptible to infection, death occurring 5 to 8 days after exposure to conidia. It is suggested that secondary rather than primary conidia may be the principal infective form. The sizes of primary conidia from the natural host and from the experimental hosts were quite similar. The host range of the fungus is probably limited by ecological rather than physiological factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443027
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility of sixteen species of Diptera to the fungal pathogenEntomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae) (1987)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 100 (1987), S. 55-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Diptera ; Entomophthora muscae ; infection ; post-mortem growth ; susceptibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sixteen species of Diptera from eight families were inoculated with conidia ofEntomophthora muscae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). The following species were susceptible and became infected at the rates indicated:Musca domestica (100%),Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis (86%),Phaenicia sericata (44%),Scatophaga stercoraria (30%),Drosophila melanogaster (11%),Aedes aegypti (3%), andStomoxys calcitrans (2%). The following species were not susceptible under the conditions of this study:Phormia regina, Calliphora vicina, Rhagoletis pomonella, Eristalis arbustorum, Eristalis tenax, Toxomerus geminatus, Sphaerophoria scripta, Syrphus sp. andAllograpta oblique. Differences in susceptibility were not related to the taxonomic affinities of the taxa tested; however, susceptibility may be related to interspecific morphological differences of hosts, such as, scales and hairs on the host or the degree of sclerotization of host integument. Each host-pathogen interaction was examined. Characteristics of the post-mortem growth of the fungus were similar within a host species but differed between host species. These differences in post-mortem growth of the fungus were related to the suitability of host species as a substrate for the pathogen. The incubation period of the mycosis was related to host species and not to host size, it varied from seven days for the relatively largeS. haemorrhoidalis to 17 days for the relatively smallA. aegypti.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00769569
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation time of the microsporidian Octosporea muscaedomesticae flu in audlt Phormia regina (Meigen) (diptera, calliphoridae) (1965)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 25 (1965), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Smears and sections of proximal intestines of imaginal Phormia regina (Meigen) that had ingested spores of Octosporea muscaedomesticae Flu were made after one hour and at four-hour intervals for 96 hours following inoculation. A study of these tissue preparations revealed the following: at 23–27°C, uninterrupted schizogony extends to 64 hours. Some early sporogonic stages are found by 68 hours. By 72 hours some mature spores are formed. Between 72 and 96 hours, newly formed spores are present in the feces of infected flies; this was determined by counting the number of spores present in fecal spots collected at 24-hour intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329585
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect ofPseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipid on human neutrophil migration (1984)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 10 (1984), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect ofPseudomonas aeruginosa heat-stable hemolysin (rhamnolipid) on human neutrophil migration has been investigated. Rhamnolipid was prepared from culture filtrate and characterized by thin-layer chromatography. The lytic activity of rhamnolipid was quantitated by titration against neutrophils. Leukocyte migration response was measured using51Cr-labeled neutrophils with a double-filter technique in modified Boyden chambers. The results suggest rhamnolipid stimulated chemotaxis as well as chemokinesis. Moreover, rhamnolipid impaired a chemotactic response toN-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. These effects may be important in host-parasite interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626559
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Octosporea carloschagasi n. sp., a microsporidian associate of Trypanosoma cruzi in Panstrongylus megistus (1972)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 39 (1972), S. 221-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Some protozoan forms from Panstrongylus megistus that Chagas had incorporated into his original description of Trypanosoma cruzi are compared with schizogonic and sporogonic stages of the microsporidian Octosporea muscaedomesticae. On the basis of the evidence presented O. carloschagasi n. sp. is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329458
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential germination among spores of the microsporidian Octosporea muscaedomesticae (1973)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 41 (1973), S. 61-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By monitoring the changes in a population of O. muscaedomesticae spores as it passed through the alimentary tracts of adult Phormia regina it was found that most spores germinate during the first passage while others do not germinate until they have made 2, 3, or 4 passages. Possible explanations for these differences are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329630
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An octosporeosis of the black blowfly, Phormia regina: Incidence rates of host and parasite (1968)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 30 (1968), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erwachsene Fliegen der Art Phormia regina wurden vom April bis Oktober in Urbana, Illinois, in den Jahren 1963 und 1964 gefangen. Einige Fliegen aus jedem Fang wurden auf Microsporidien der Art Octosporea muscaedomesticae untersucht. Im Jahre 1963 erhöhte sich die monatliche Infektionsrate ständig mit dem Fortschreiten des Jahres, während sich die Fliegenpopulation in derselben Periode verminderte. Im Jahre 1964 war eine solche Beziehung nicht erkennbar; dieser Umstand wird darauf zurückgeführt, daß der Wirt während der ganzen folgenden Periode der schweren Frühlingsregenfälle relativ spärlich auftrat. Die beobachtete monatliche Parasitenhäufigkeit wechselte während der 2-Jahresperiode zwischen 0 und 13%. Die jährliche Parasitenhäufigkeit lag 1963 bei 4% und im Jahre 1964 bei 4,5%. Es war keine significante Differenz in der Parasitenhäufigkeit zwischen weiblichen und männlichen Tieren festzustellen. Die beobachtete Parasitenhäufigkeit war, wenn man den generellen Trend betrachtet, wahrscheinlich eher geringer als die aktuelle Rate in der freien Natur. Die Gründe für diese Umstände werden diskutiert. Schließlich wird angenommen, daß sich O. muscaedomesticae als ein begrenzender Faktor („supressor“) für P. regina Population in der freien Natur anzusehen ist.
    Notes: Summary Adult black blowflies Phormia regina were trapped from April through October in Urbana, Illinois for the years 1963 and 1964. Samples of flies from each catch were examined for the presence of the microsporidian parasite Octosporea muscaedomesticae. In 1963, the monthly parasite incidence rate steadily increased with the progression of the seasons while the fly population declined over the same period. In 1964, the monthly parasite incidence rate followed no decernable pattern; this was probably attributable to the fact that the host remained comparatively scarce for the entire period following heavy spring rains. The observed monthly parasite incidence rates ranged from zero to 13% over the two-year period. The annual parasite incidence rate was 4% in 1963 and 4.5% in 1964. No significant differences were found in the parasite incidence rates of females versus males. The observed parasite incidence rates, while indicative of general trends, probably are lower than the actual rates in nature. Reasons for this are discussed. Finally it is suggested that O. muscaedomesticae may at times act as a suppressor of P. regina populations in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329473
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