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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier lifetimes in dielectric cap disordered GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well with SiN capping layers (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3438-3440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time resolved photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of a SiN cap disordered GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structure exhibit a decrease in carrier lifetime in conjunction with an increase in quantum well disordering (QWD) as the SiN capping layer thickness is increased. The decrease in carrier lifetime is attributed to enhanced carrier trapping due to the defects introduced during dielectric cap quantum well disordering and the relaxation of the momentum conservation during radiative recombination by QWD. Potential applications of these effects on high speed optical devices such as laser diodes (LD's) and optical modulators are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115272
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of CuInSe2 thin films by selenization of co-sputtered Cu–In precursors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract CuInSe2 thin films have been prepared by high Se vapor selenization of co-sputtered Cu–In alloy precursors within a partially closed graphite container. Cu–In alloys with different compositions were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the films showed mainly CuIn2 and Cu11In9 phases and the Cu11In9 peak intensity was found to increase as the alloy composition tended towards Cu-rich. A linear dependence of the alloy composition on the Cu/In deposition power was observed from energy dispersive analysis by X-rays (EDX). A three-fold volume expansion was exhibited by all the CuInSe2 films after selenization at 500–550 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the films showed large and densely packed crystal structures with sizes above 5 μm. The CuInSe2 films exhibited single phase chalcopyrite structure with preferential orientation in the (1 1 2) direction. The EDX composition analyses of the films showed Cu/In ratio ranging from 0.43 to 1.2, and Se/(Cu+In) ratios from 0.92 to 1.47. The measured film resistivities varied from 10-1 to 105 Ωcm. The Cu–In alloy precursors with Cu/In ratio less than 0.70 were found to form CuIn3Se5 a defect chalcopyrite compound. All films were Se rich, with the exception of samples with very high Cu content.© 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008936210166
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of poly(ethylene glycol) macromer/β-chitosan hydrogels (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 537-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels composed of β-chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate macromer (PEGM) were synthesized and characterized for the application as potential biomedical materials. The mixture of PEGM and β-chitosan, dissolved in water including a small amount of acetic acid, was cast to prepare hydrogel films, followed by a subsequent crosslinking with 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a non-toxic photoinitiator by ultraviolet irradiation. Photocrosslinked hydrogels exhibited relatively high equilibrium water content in the range 77–83% which is mainly attributed to the free water content rather than to the bound water, hydrogen bonded with components in semi-IPN hydrogels. The crystallinity, thermal properties and mechanical properties of semi-IPN hydrogels were studied. All the photocrosslinked hydrogels revealed a remarkable decrease in crystallinity. The glass transition temperatures, Tg, of crosslinked PEGM segment in semi-IPNs increased compared with poly(ethylene glycol) itself. However, with increasing β-chitosan content their Tg decreased owing to the higher degree of crosslinking. The tensile strengths of semi-IPNs in dry state were rather high, but those of hydrogels in wet state decreased drastically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018594614087
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Brevibacterium albidum gene encoding the arginine tRNACCG complements the growth defect of an Escherichia coli strain carrying a thermosensitive mutation in the rnpA gene at the nonpermissive temperature (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 254 (1997), S. 464-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Brevibacterium albidum  ;  Arginine tRNACCG  ;  Escherichia colirnpA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Escherichia colirnpA gene encodes C5 protein, the protein component of RNase P. The rnpA49 mutation renders the C5 protein thermosensitive, which results in thermosensitivity of RNase P function. The chromosomal DNA region from Brevibacterium albidum that complements the rnpA49 mutation was analysed. The gene capable of complementing the growth defect of an rnpA49 mutant strain at nonpermissive temperature was identified as the gene for an arginine tRNA with anticodon CCG by a deletion analysis combined with complementation assays. Transcription of the arginine tRNA gene carried on a multicopy plasmid was correlated with the complementation of the rnpA49 mutation, indicating that the gene product is indeed responsible for complementation of the rnpA49 mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050440
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion-induced interfacial mixing in Al/Pd bilayers: incident ion energy and film thickness dependence (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 1867-1872 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of ion beam mixing on the incident ion energy and film thickness in the Al/Pd system are investigated through both experiment and Monte Carlo simulation based on cascade mixing. It is found that the optimum film thickness is the mean damage depth and the degree of mixing increases with increasing incident ion energy. The radiation-enhanced diffusion or thermochemical driving force is found to play an important role, even in the low-energy region (〈 40 keV).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543617
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ar+-induced mixing mechanisms in metal-metal bilayer systems (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 27 (1992), S. 2141-2146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ion-beam mixing in Al-Pd, Al-Cr, Pd-Cu, Ag-Cu and Ag-Fe bilayers has been studied using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) over an ion dose range between 1 × 1015 and 1 × 1016 Ar+ cm−2 at room temperature. RBS and AES results show that the mixing efficiency of the light elements is higher than that of the heavy elements. The mixing efficiency of a heavy element is independent of the heat of mixing energy, while that of a light element has a close relation with the heat of mixing. The experimental results are discussed in terms of cascade mixing and thermal spike mixing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01117928
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exact Algorithm for the Surrogate Dual of an Integer Programming Problem: Subgradient Method Approach (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 96 (1998), S. 363-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: Integer programming ; surrogate dual ; nondifferentiable optimization ; subgradient method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract One of the critical issues in the effective use of surrogate relaxation for an integer programming problem is how to solve the surrogate dual within a reasonable amount of computational time. In this paper, we present an exact and efficient algorithm for solving the surrogate dual of an integer programming problem. Our algorithm follows the approach which Sarin et al. (Ref. 8) introduced in their surrogate dual multiplier search algorithms. The algorithms of Sarin et al. adopt an ad-hoc stopping rule in solving subproblems and cannot guarantee the optimality of the solutions obtained. Our work shows that this heuristic nature can actually be eliminated. Convergence proof for our algorithm is provided. Computational results show the practical applicability of our algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022622231801
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Part I: Kinetic equation with variable growth rate (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new crystallization kinetic equation has been derived considering the decrease in growth rate. The average linear growth rate of spherulite was assumed to be proportional to the m-th order of the uncrystallized fraction of the crystallizing material. A modified Avrami equation, 1 - Vc = exp[-Kf(t)n], was used where f(t) is the integral of the growth function, (1 - Vc)m. The validity of the equation was tested by analyzing the isothermal crystallization kinetic data of poly(ethylene terephthalate) from the melt using differential scanning calorimetry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310209
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate): Cmemory effect of shear history (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The memory effect of shear history was studied with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) prepared under different shear conditions of 11.7 to 1168 s-1 in a capillary rheometer. The shear history of PET resin led to a memory effect, which in turn affected the crystallization kinetics. The crystallization rate increased with increasing shear rate. Double peaks of heating crystallization exotherms and a low value of Avrami exponent appeared at low shear rates, which was attributed to the existence of crystallization processes with different rates; one was the fast process involving the disentangled molecules that persisted during melting, and the other was the slow process involving the highly entangled molecules. The change of instantanenous Avrami exponent and overall crystallization rate constant was in good agreement with the expected trends assuming coexistence of the two crystallization processes. The crystallization kinetics of PET with shear history could be regarded as a growth rate decrease problem to be interpreted by the modified Avrami equation, 1 - Vc = exp[- K·f(t)n], when the fast process dominated the overall crystallization. The effect of shear history was reduced because of the relaxation process as the holding time in melt state before crystallization was increased.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330205
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  • 20
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    Cross-species hybridization of microarrays for studying tumor transcriptome of brain metastasis (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-10
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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