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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic toxicity of a pure and technical grade pentachlorophenol toDaphnia magna (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1991), S. 388-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chronic toxicity test procedures (static, with renewal) were used to determine the chronic toxicity of sublethal concentrations of a technical formulation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pure pentachlorophenol toDaphnia magna. Test organisms 48+-12 h old were exposed for their entire lifespan (i.e., until death) to 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg technical PCP/L and 0.01, 0.087 and 0.1 mg pure PCP/L. Criteria used to assess chronic toxicity were mean time to appearance of the primiparous instar in the brood chamber, mean number of days to release of the first brood, mean number of broods produced per female, mean brood size per female, mean number of reproductive days, mean number of young produced per reproductive day per female and survivorship. Pentachlorophenol differentially affected maturation and reproduction but not survivorship or longevity. Mean number of broods produced per daphnid, length of the reproductive period, longevity and survivorship were insensitive criteria relative to mean time to appearance of the primiparous instar, time to release of first brood, brood size, and number of young produced per daphnid per reproductive day. Generally, there was little difference in toxicity of the three concentrations of pure PCP, for they significantly reduced mean brood size and rate of reproduction of young and significantly but differentially affected maturation. Technical PCP, at the highest concentration of 0.5 mg/L, significantly reduced mean brood size and the rate of production of young, and significantly delayed both time to appearance of the primiparous instar and release of the first brood. When differences in toxicity occurred, generally, pure PCP was more toxic than comparable concentrations of technical PCP. Although enhanced maturation was observed there was no compensatory reproduction. Similar conclusions regarding maturation and survivorship would have been derived from this study had it been terminated after the standard 21 d; however, the conclusions would have been different for reproduction. Only the highest concentration of technical PCP reduced brood size, the rate of production of young and total number of young produced per daphnid in 21 d. Only pure PCP at 0.05 mg/L caused daphnids to produce significantly fewer broods and, although the mean brood size was significantly larger than those in the controls, the mean number of young produced in 21 d was significantly reduced. These results differ substantially from those based on the entire life-cycle study and one of the most obvious differences is the much lower rates of young production in the entire life cycle study (2.41–3.03 young per daphnia per reproductive day) opposed to the first 21 days of the study (5.13–7.5 young per daphnia per reproductive day).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01060361
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microdetermination of platinum metals by the ring oven technique using potassium thiocarbonate (1974)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 62 (1974), S. 267-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein wirksames Verfahren zur quantitativen Ermittlung von Ru(III), Rh(III), Pd(II), Os(VIII), Ir(III) und Pt(IV) durch Ringkolometrie mit Kaliumtrithiocarbonat. Für binäre Gemische gelten folgende Erfassungsgrenzen in 1,5μl Lösung: 0,49μg Ru(III); 0,43μg Rh(III); 0,38μg Pd(II); 0,71μg Os-(VIII); 0,53μg Ir(III); 0,38μg Pt(IV). In einfachen Lösungen liegen diese Grenzen zwischen 0,20 und 0,30μg.
    Notes: Summary An efficient and speedy method for the estimation of ruthenium (III), rhodium (III), palladium (II), osmium (VIII), iridium(III) and platinum(IV) is described by using ring colorimetry with potassium thiocarbonate (PTC). Binary mixtures show the following limits when present in 1.5μl of solution, Ru(III) 0.49μg; Rh(III) 0.43μg; Pd(II) 0.38μg; Os(VIII) 0.71μg; Ir(III) 0.53μg; Pt(IV) 0.38μg; present singly the limits are 0.20—0.30μg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01219687
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin-layer chromatographic separation of Se(IV), Te(IV), V(V), and Mo(VI) as ternary mixtures and their identification with potassium thiocarbonate (PTC) reagent (1969)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 57 (1969), S. 737-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Dünnschichtchromatographie ternärer Gemische von Se(IV), Te(IV), V(V) und Mo(VI) wurde beschrieben. Die Trennung wurde auf Schichten von Kieselgel G mit zwei verschiedenen Lösungsmittelsystemen durchgeführt: Diäthyloxalat—Salzsäure (60∶1) und n-Butylacetat—Salzsäure (40∶0,6). Die Chromatogramme wurden mit 0,1-m Kaliumthiocarbonat gesprüht. Die Nachweisgrenze liegt zwischen 1,27 und 2,04μg.
    Notes: Summary Thin-layer chromatography of Se(IV), Te(IV), V(V), and Mo(VI) as ternary mixtures has been described. The separation was effected on a silica gel G layer by employing two different solvent systems: diethyl oxalate-HCl (60∶1v/v) andn-butyl acetate-HCl (40∶0.6v/v). The chromatograms were visualized with 0.1M potassium thiocarbonate (PTC) spray and the limits of identification as determined, lie between 1.27 and 2.04μg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01216306
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salicylaldehydo chelates of bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium(IV) (1984)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 115 (1984), S. 927-933 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirkonium(IV) ; Conductance measurement ; Dithiocarbamate ; 1H-NMR ; IR ; Salicylaldehydo chelates ; UV-VIS ; Xanthate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine neue Gruppe von organometallischen ionischen Chelaten vom Typ [Cp 2Zr(sal)]+ [ROCS2/R′R″NCS2]− (mit Hsal = Salicyladehyd;R =Me, Et, i-Pr oderi-Bu undR′ =R″ =Me, Et, i-Pr;R′ =Me,R″ = Benzyl oderR′ =Et,R″ =m-Tolyl) wurde in wäßrigem Medium mittels der Reaktion von [Cp 2Zr(sal)]+Cl− mitROCS 2 − K+/R′R″NCS 2 − Na+ hergestellt. Die erhaltenen Verbindungen wurden mittels chemischer Analyse, elektrischer Leitfähigkeit und der IR- sowie1H-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert. Diese Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Komplexe 1:1-Elektrolyte sind, wobei der Salicylaldehyd-Ligand in allen Fällen an der Chelatbildung beteiligt ist. Es wird daher für das Zirkoniumatom eine tetrahedrale Koordination vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: Abstract A new series of organometallic ionic chelates of the type [Cp 2Zr(sal)]+ [ROCS2/R′R″NCS2]−, where Hsal = salicylaldehyde;R =Me, Et, i-Pr ori-Bu andR′ =R″ =Me, Et, i-Pr;R′ =Me,R″ = benzyl orR′ =Et,R″ =m-tolyl, have been synthesized in aqueous medium by the reaction of [Cp 2Zr(sal)]+Cl− andROCS 2 − K+/R′R″NCS 2 − Na+. These compounds have been characterized by chemical analyses, electrical conductance, electronic, IR and1H-NMR spectral studies. These studies indicate that the complexes are 1:1 electrolytes and the salicylaldehyde ligand is chelating in all these complexes. Therefore, a tetrahedral coordination about the zirconium atom is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00798760
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mono- and bisphenoxy derivatives of bis(indenyl) titanium(IV) (1983)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 114 (1983), S. 1161-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Bis(indenyl) titanium(IV) ; Conductance ; Phenoxy derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion von Bis(indenyl)titan(IV)dichlorid mit verschiedenen Phenolen im molaren Verhältnis 1:1 oder 1:2 ergab in Anwesenheit von Triethylamin in Benzol am Rückfluß Komplexe vom Typ (C9H7)2Ti(OAr)Cl und (C9H7)2Ti(OAr);Ar=C6H5,p-ClC6H4, α-C10H7, β-C10H7. Die neuen Derivate wurden mittels Elementaranalyse, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und ihrer spektroskopischen Eigenschaften (IR, UV-VIS,1H-NMR) charakterisiert.
    Notes: Abstract A series of (C9H7)2Ti(OAr)Cl and (C9H7)2Ti(OAr)2 complexes whereAr=C6H5,p-ClC6H4, α-C10H7 or β-C10H7, have been synthesised by the reaction of bis(indenyl) titanium(IV) dichloride with an appropriate phenol in a 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio in refluxing benzene in the presence of triethylamine. The new derivatives have been characterized on the basis of their elemental analyses, conductance measurements and spectral (IR,1H-NMR and electronic) studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00799928
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermogravimetric analysis of some metal thiocarbonates and sulphides obtained with potassium thiocarbonate (PTC) reagent (1970)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2 (1970), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a étudié le comportement thermogravimétrique des thiocarbonates de K(I), Tl(I), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) et des sulfures de Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Bi(III), Mo(VI), Pt(IV), Au(III), V(V), Se(IV), Te(IV), As(III, V) et Sb(III). Par précipitation en milieu homogène on produit des précipités de thiocarbonates purs. On a déterminé les valeurs de température entre lesquelles les précipités sont constants en poids. Possibilité au dosage gravimétrique des métaux présents en quantités de miligrammes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde das Verhalten der Thiokarbonate von K(I), Tl(I), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) und der Sulphide von Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Bi(III), Mo(VI), Pt(IV), Au(III), V(V), Se(IV), Te(IV), As(III, V) und Sb(III) thermogravimetrisch untersucht. Die durch homogene FÄllung erhaltenen ThiokarbonatniederschlÄge waren entsprechend rein. Es wurden die Temperaturgremen der Gewichtskonstanz der NiederschlÄge zum Zwecke der gravimetrischen Bestimmung von Metallen in Milligrammengen festgestellt.
    Notes: Abstract The thiocarbonates of K(I), Tl(I), Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Fe(II) and the sulphides of Ag(I), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Bi(III), Mo(VI), Pt(IV), Au(III), V(V), Se(IV), Te(IV), As(III, V), Sb(III) have been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. These studies not only confirm the purity of the precipitated products obtained with PTC but also determine correct temperature ranges for the precipitates to attain constant weight, thereby affording gravimetric evaluations of even mg quantities of the metal ions studied. Purity of precipitated products was made possible with the technique of precipitation from homogeneous solution based on the PTC reagent as precipitant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01911703
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary observations on nitrogen transport during summer in a small spring-fed Ontario stream (1976)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 49 (1976), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Streams ; Nitrogen ; Nutrients ; Denitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrogen transport in a 2 km-long, spring-fed stream was studied during the summer months by analyzing weekly water samples from four stations. The water at the spring had a consistently high level of nitrate-N ranging from about 7 mg/l in late spring to about 3 mg/l in early fall. However, over the length of the stream, 60% (about 97 kg) of the incoming nitrate-N is lost from the water during the summer period. The loss, which does not appear to be attributable to the uptake by aquatic macrophytes or to immobilization, is thought to result from denitrification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016169
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple system for the Collection of Leaf-Derived Faecal Pellets of Aquatic Invertebrates (1979)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 64 (1979), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Faecal Pellets ; Freshwater Invertebrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Animals and food (leaves) are confined at a desired temperature in a feeding chamber in the upper portion of the water column of a collector system. Egested material collects in water at 0°C also eliminates coprophagy and physical damage to the pellets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015448
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation, characterization and thermal studies on bis-[N-(ethyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamato] complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II) (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 21 (1981), S. 3-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a réalisé la synthèse des complexes des dithiocarbamates bis-N-(éthyl,m-tolyl) de zinc(II), cadmium(II) et mercure(II), représentés par les formules abrégées Zn(S2CNRR′)2, Cd(S2CNRR′)2 et Hg(S2CNRR′)2, où R et R′ sont respectivement les groupes éthyl et tolyl. Ces complexes ont été caractérisés par analyse élémentaire, détermination de la masse molaire, mesures de conductivité et spectrométrie infrarouge. Les études thermogravimétriques de ces complexes ont été effectuées en atmosphères d'azote et d'oxygène, afin de déterminer leurs modes de décomposition.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bis-N-(äthyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamatkomplexe von Zink(II), Cadmium(II) und Quecksilber(II), abgekürzt als Zn(S2CNRR′)2, Cd(S2CNRR′)2 und Hg(S2CNRR′)2, mit R=Äthyl- und R′=m-Tolyl-Gruppe bedeutet, wurden synthetisiert. Diese Komplexe wurden durch Elementaranalysen, Molekulargewichtsbestimmungen, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Infrarot-Untersuchungen charakterisiert. Thermogravimetrische Studien dieser Komplexe wurden in Stickstoff- und Sauerstoffatmosphäre durchgeführt um ihre Zersetzungsweise zu bestimmen.
    Notes: Abstract Bis-[N(ethyl,m-tolyl)-dithiocarbamato] complexes of zinc(II), cadmium(II) and mercury(II), abbreviated as Zn(S2CNRR⊃2, Cd(S2CNRR')2 and Hg(S2CNRR′)2, where R is ethyl and R′ ism-tolyl, have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determinations, conductance measurements and infrared spectral studies. Thermogravimetric studies on the complexes have been carried out in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres to determine their modes of decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01913693
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition of heterocyclic thiol complexes under non-isothermal conditions (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 10 (1976), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Etude de la décomposition thermique en phase solide de plusieurs complexes thiols hétérocycliques par thermogravimétrie (TG) et par analyse thermique différentielle (ATD). La méthode de Coats et Redfern a été appliquée pour déterminer la cinétique du processus de la décomposition thermique. Les variations d'enthalpie et les énergies d'activation de la décomposition ont été calculées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung in fester Phase wurde an einigen heterozyklischen Thiolkomplexen mit den Methoden der dynamischen Thermogravimetrie (TG) und der Differentialthermoanalyse (DTA) untersucht. Die Methode von Coats und Redfern wurde zum Studium der Kinetik des thermischen Zersetzungsvorganges eingesetzt. Die Enthalpie-Änderungen und Aktivierungsenergien der Zersetzung wurden berechnet.
    Notes: Abstract The thermal decomposition in the solid-phase has been studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques for a number of heterocyclic thiol complexes. The method of Coats and Redfern was used to study the kinetics of the thermal decomposition process. The enthalpy changes and activation energies for the decomposition have been calculated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02179189
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