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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Preferential flow needs self-dependent fluid mechanical characterization and quantification. A theoretical and experimental approach is presented to describe preferential flow with the three variables volume of flowing water and its kinetic energy and momentum. Two soils were irrigated at rates of 50, 75 and 100 mm hour−1 at one site and three times at 100 mm hour−1 at a second site. The variations of soil water content caused by irrigation were measured at five depths with horizontally installed TDR wave guides at 300-s intervals. The volume flux densities were calculated from the water balances. The computation of momentum and kinetic energy of preferential flow was based on the velocities of the wetting fronts and the amplitudes of the variations of soil water. Kinetic energy per unit volume of flow in the soil exceeds the one of irrigation by factors between 100 and 1000, which indicates concentration of flow. However, kinetic energy per unit volume of flow in the soil is less by factors of 106 to 108 than the capillary potential of soil water. Kinetic energy per unit volume of flow seems a reasonable variable for discriminating between preferential and ordinary flow at a threshold of 2 × 10−6 Pa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 135-137 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The recently introduced active quality factor control for dynamic force microscopy (Q-control) in liquids promises higher sensitivity, and thus, smaller interaction forces compared to normal tapping (intermittent contact) mode. By a careful analysis of force distance curves, we show that the lateral resolution obtained on fragile biological membranes is actually comparable for both modes if scan parameters are optimized accordingly. In addition, Q-control is limited to small scan rates only. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 74 (1990), S. 69-74 
    ISSN: 0303-7207
    Keywords: (Rat liver plasma membrane) ; Hepatocyte polarity ; Insulin-like growth factor II receptor
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0300-9084
    Keywords: A431 E3 cells ; CGP-12177 ; CGP-NBD ; fluorescent β-adrenergic ligand ; β-adrenoceptors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 6 (1965), S. 3697-3700 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 5 (1972), S. 382-391 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende II. Teil bezweckt, die wichtigsten Zusatzinformationen zu vermitteln, welche einen erfahrenen Benützer gepackter GC-Säulen in die Lage versetzen, Kapillarsäulen hoher Qualität über längere Zeit hinweg zu hoher Leistung zu bringen. Diese Informationen betreffen ausschließlich Glaskapillarsäulen, da sich deren Leistungen in mehrfacher Hinsicht weit über jene von Kapillaren aus Metall oder anderen Werkstoffen steigern lassen. Praktische Anleitungen zur Vorbereitung, zum Einbau in den Gas-Chromatographen, und zum Betrieb von Glaskapillarsäulen werden gegeben. Viel Raum wird der großen Zahl häufig auftretender und zum Teil einschneidender Störungen-welche bei gepackten Säulen meist belanglos sind-sowie ihrer Feststellung und Behebung gewidmet. Die Sammlung solcher, aus der Arbeit mit gepackten Säulen nicht direkt ableitbarer Erfahrungen soll zeigen, welche Randbedingungen zum analytischen Erfolg entscheidend beitragen. Sie soll damit der verbreiteten Tendenz entgegenwirken, bei einem Mißerfolg die Ursache zuerst bei der Kapillarsäule zu suchen.
    Abstract: Résumé Cette seconde partie de l'exposé est destinée à fournir des informations complémentaires parmi les plus importantes afin que l'utilisateur expert en CG sur colonnes remplies puisse obtenir un rendement optimal avec des colonnes capillaires de haute qualité pendant une période prolongée. Ces informations concernent exclusivement des colonnes capillairesen verre, puisque leur performance, à bien des égards, peut être rendue très supérieure à celle des colonnes capillaires en métal ou en d'autres matériaux. On donne des informations pratiques pour la préparation, l'installation dans le chromatographe en phase gazeuse et les manipulations sur des colonnes capillaires en verre. Dans une grande partie de l'exposé, on traite des perturbations fréquentes, et quelque fois sérieuses-qui sont souvent sans importance avec des colonnes remplies-, ainsi que de leur identification et leur élimination. La récapitulation d'ensemble de telles expériences, qui ne découlent pas directement du travail sur des colonnes remplies, doit montrer quelles sont les conditions qui contribuent d'une manière décisive au succès de l'analyse. Ceci doit combattre la tendance très répandue qui fait d'abord rechercher dans l'emploid d'une colonne capillaire l'origine d'un échec.
    Notes: Summary Part II is intended to provide the essential additional information to enable an experienced user of packed GC columns to achieve optimum performance of high-quality capillary columns over a long period of time. This information concernsglass capillary columns exclusively, since their performance, in several respects, can be made to exceed to a considerable degree that of capillaries made of metal or other materials. Practical instructions are given for the handling of glass capillary columns, for their installation into the gas chromatograph, and for their operation. Considerable space is devoted to the numerous faults that frequently occur some of which are serious-although usually negligible in packed columns- and to their detection and elimination. The account of such problems, experience with which cannot be gained directly from work with packed columns, is intended to show which marginal conditions contribute decisively to the success of an analysis. Thus it should disprove the widely held belief that any failure is primarily due to the capillary column.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1180-1181 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Squirrel monkeys learned to avoid hypoxia by pressing a bar. Each bar-press replaced the noxious gas mixture with normal air for 3 sec. The data further indicated that O2 itself has no positive reinforcing effect.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 84-85 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 195 (1995), S. 67-76 
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Caryophyllaceae ; Dianthus glacialis ; Pollination ; nectar ; scent ; autogamy ; seed set ; seed/ovule ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pollination of the alpine herbDianthus glacialis was studied in a population in the Swiss Alps in 1991 and 1992. Only one insect species,Zygaena exulans (Lepidoptera), was observed to visit the flowers ofD. glacialis. Pollen loads onZ. exulans indicate that it is an effective pollinator ofD. glacialis. In 1991,Z. exulans frequently visited flowers ofD. glacialis. However, in 1992 almost no visits could be observed. Despite the occurrence of pollinators and the conspicuous flowers ofD. glacialis, there are strong indications that this plant is mainly selfing: (1) anthesis of individual flowers is short (c. one and a half days), (2) protandry, although pronounced in otherDianthus spp., is absent, (3) nectar production is low, (4) odour production is weak, (5) seed production by spontaneous selfing is high, (6) seed set in emasculated flowers is extremely low and (7) the seed/ovule ratio is distinctly higher inD. glacialis than in outcrossing plants.—Selfing inD. glacialis could have evolved under a shortage of pollinators during the glaciation periods. Present levels of cross-pollination byZ. exulans have apparently not been sufficient to reverse the pollination mechanism ofD. glacialis from selfing to outcrossing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1992), S. 543-546 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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