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  • 11
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    The subcritical, quasi-parallel, switch-on shock (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The conditions that lead to subcritical, quasi-parallel bow shocks are very rare. Even more rarely, a subcritical, quasi-parallel shock can also be termed a switch-on shock, where the tangential component of the magnetic field, which is very small upstream, is said to 'switch on' downstream. The Rankine-Hugoniot conservation relations predict that the jump in the tangential component of the magnetic field across the shock is very large for these upstream conditions. In this study, we find that the measured jumps in the plasma conditions are in accord with predictions made by the Rankine-Hugoniot conservation relations. The structure of the switch-on shock, not predicted by the Rankine-Hugoniot equations, is very similar to that of the subcritical, quasi-perpendicular shock, with the exception that the precursor wave in front of the shock ramp damps more slowly.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 21; 9; p. 837-840
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Unknown
    Determining the standoff distance of the bow shock: Mach number dependence and use of models (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: We explore the factors that determine the bow shock standoff distance. These factors include the parameters of the solar wind, as well as the size and shape of the obstacle. In this report we develop a semiempirical Mach number relation for the bow shock standoff distance in order to take into account the shock's behavior at low Mach numbers. This is done by determining which properties of the shock are most important in controlling the standoff distance and using this knowledge to modify the current Mach number relation. While the present relation has proven useful at higher Mach numbers, it has lacked effectiveness at the low Mach number limit. We also analyze the bow shock dependence upon the size and shape of the obstacle, noting that it is most appropriate to compare the standoff distance of the bow shock to the radius of curvature of the obstacle, as opposed to the distance from the focus of the object to the nose. Last, we focus our attention on the use of bow shock models in determining the standoff distance. We note that the physical behavior of the shock must correctly be taken into account, specifically the behavior as a function of solar wind dynamic pressure; otherwise, erroneous results can be obtained for the bow shock standoff distance.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; A9; p. 17,681-17,689
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
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    Magnetic structure of the low beta, quasi-perpendicular shock (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: The structure of the low-beta quasi-perpendicular shock is examined in view of ISEE 1 and 2 magnetic field measurements. An analysis of shock overshoots indicates that the strength of the overshoots of low-beta, quasi-perpendicular shocks increases as the ratio of the Mach number to the first critical Mach number increases. Wave analysis indicates that the power of the downstream waves also increases as a function of this ratio of criticality. The thickness of the shock is a factor of 1-2 times greater than a precursor wavelength, countering the conjecture that the shock is the last amplified cycle of the precursor wave.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A9; p. 15,285-15,294.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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