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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fusion neutrons from the gas–pusher interface in deuterated-shell inertial confinement fusion implosions (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 768-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The first measurements and numerical simulations of fusion neutrons from the gas–pusher interface of indirectly-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions have been performed using hydrogen-filled capsules made with a deuterated inner layer. Nonlinear saturation of the growth of hydrodynamic perturbations in high linear growth factor ((similar, equals)325) implosions was varied by adjusting the initial surface roughness of the capsule. The neutron yields are in quantitative agreement with the direct simulations of perturbation growth, and also with a linear mode superposition and saturation model including enhanced thermal loss in the mixed region. Neutron spectra from these capsules are broader than expected for the calculated ion temperatures, suggesting the presence of nonthermal broadening from mass motion during the fusion burn. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872761
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Foam-buffered spherical implosions at 527 nm (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 1379-1384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Creation of a low density, high temperature plasma buffer between the absorption and ablation layers of a directly driven inertial confinement fusion implosion capsule has been proposed as a means to reduce "early time" imprint from laser nonuniformities. This thermal smoothing blanket might be created from a low density foam layer wrapped around the deuterium–tritium filled microballoon. Preliminary spherical implosion tests of this concept using a polystyrene foam layer surrounding a glass microballoon were performed at the Nova laser [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57, 2101 (1986)], using a 527 nm drive wavelength. Comparison of capsule yield and imploded core symmetry showed promising improvements in overall target performance, relative to one-dimensional undegraded hydrodynamic simulations, when the foam-buffer layer was present. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872568
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Helical and straight quadrupole stabilization of the n=2 rotational instability in translated field-reversed configurations (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 2648-2656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The n=2 rotational instability has been completely suppressed on translated field-reversed configurations (FRC's) in the FRX-C/T device [Phys. Fluids 29, 852 (1986)] by the application of either helical or straight quadrupole fields. Quadrupole field thresholds approximately equal to 7% and 9% of the external confinement field are required for stabilization with straight and helical coils, respectively. Comparisons with linearized magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory and 2 1/2 -dimensional hybrid simulations are made. The influence of quadrupoles on translation and plasma confinement is also reported.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865506
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High-power magnetic-compression heating of field-reversed configurations (1992)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1909-1919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Magnetic compression heating experiments at the 1 GW level on field-reversed configuration (FRC) compact toroid plasmas are reported. FRC's formed in a tapered theta-pinch coil have been translated into a single-turn compression coil, where the external magnetic field is slowly raised up to seven times its initial value. Significant electron and ion heating consistent with the expected B4/5 adiabatic scaling is observed, despite significant particle diffusion, which is enhanced during compression. The n=2 rotational instability is enhanced during compression, but has been controlled to an extent by the application of an external quadrupole field. The particle and flux confinement times, τN and τφ, remain approximately equal and decrease roughly with the square of the plasma radius R during compression, implying a constant nonclassical field-null resistivity. The observed τN and τφ magnitudes and scalings are compared with classical and anomalous transport theories, and existing empirical models. Particle diffusion dominates the energy confinement, accounting for three-fourths of the total losses. Upper bounds on the electron thermal diffusivities are estimated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860043
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axial dynamics in field-reversed theta pinches. II: Stability (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2856-2870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Detailed stability studies are made with new diagnostics in the FRX-C/LSM field-reversed theta pinch [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1989), Vol. II, p. 517]. These studies seek the origin of a degradation of the confinement properties of field-reversed configurations (FRC's) that appears associated with strong axial dynamics during plasma formation. Several instabilities are observed, including rotational modes, interchanges, and tilt instabilities. Only the latter are strongly correlated with FRC confinement. Tilt instabilities are observed for FRC's with larger average number of ion gyroradii (s∼3–5) and smaller separatrix elongations (e∼3–4). Coincidently, strong axial dynamics occurs for cases with larger s and smaller e values, through increases in either reversed bias field or fill pressure. These data provide some understanding of FRC stability. In agreement with finite Larmor radius theory, there is a regime of gross stability for the very kinetic and elongated FRC's with s/e〈0.2–0.3. This is the regime that has been studied in most FRC experiments. However, tilt and other instabilities are observed for FRC's with s/e∼1. Additional stabilization techniques will be required for future large-size FRC's.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860000
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Axial dynamics in field-reversed theta pinches. I: Formation (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 2844-2855 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Bias field scans are performed at various fill pressures in the FRX-C [Fusion Technol. 9, 13 (1986)] and FRX-C/LSM [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1989), Vol. II, p. 517] field-reversed theta pinches. These data show a systematic degradation of the confinement properties of field-reversed configurations whenever strong axial implosions occur during plasma formation. This limitation prevents access to the desired regime of large-size and long-lived field-reversed configurations. The cause of the confinement degradation must be due to some formation or gross stability problem. Here many studies are reported that attempt to correlate confinement degradation with some formation characteristic. These investigations remain inconclusive and suggest further stability studies presented in a companion paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859918
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The n=1 rotational instability in field-reversed configurations (1990)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 2541-2543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Data from an array of external probes provide the first clear evidence for the n=1 rotational instability in field-reversed configurations. The time evolution and the axial structure of this instability are clarified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859376
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Field-reversed configuration profiles and resistivities inferred from the radial line-integral density profile (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3574-3578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The beta and magnetic field profiles of field-reversed configurations (FRC's) can be inferred from the radial profile of the line-integral density together with a temperature model. When these profiles are combined with the particle and flux decay times, the plasma resistivities at the field null and separatrix can also be deduced. This method is applied to a class of FRC's formed in the FRX-C/LSM device [in Proceedings of the Seventh US–Japan Workshop on Compact Toroid Research, 1985 (Spectra Technology, Inc., Bellevue, WA, 1985), p. 33; in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (IAEA, Vienna, 1986), Vol. 2, p. 673]. The inferred beta profile shows an average beta that is larger than expected for elongated FRC equilibria in a straight coil, indicating that the FRC equilibrium is influenced by the mirror fields at the ends of the coil. The resistivity at the separatrix is consistent with classical plus lower hybrid drift resistivity, while the resistivity at the field null is anomalous and larger than that at the separatrix by about a factor of 3.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866438
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Confinement of translated field-reversed configurations (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 863-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The confinement properties of translating field-reversed configurations (FRC) in the FRX-C/T device [Phys. Fluids 29, (square, solid) (square, solid) (square, solid) (square, solid) (1986)] are analyzed and compared to previous data without translation and to available theory. Translation dynamics do not appear to appreciably modify the FRC confinement. Some empirical scaling laws with respect to various plasma parameters are extracted from the data. These are qualitatively similar to those obtained in the TRX-1 device [Phys. Fluids 28, 888 (1985)] without translation and with a different formation method. Translation with a static gas fill offers new opportunities such as improved particle confinement or refueling of the FRC particle inventory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865888
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Experimental studies of field-reversed configuration translation (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 852-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In the FRX-C/T experiment [Proceedings of the 9th Symposium for Engineering Problems of Fusion Research (IEEE, New York, 1981), p. 1751], field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas have been formed in, and launched from, a field-reversed theta-pinch source and subsequently trapped in an adjacent confinement region. No destructive instabilities or enhanced losses of poloidal flux, particles, or thermal energy are observed for FRC total trajectories of up to 16 m. The observed translation dynamics agree with two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. When translated into reduced external magnetic fields, FRC's are observed to accelerate, expand, and cool in partial agreement with adiabatic theory. The plasmas reflect from an external mirror and after each reflection, the axial kinetic energy is reduced by approximately 50%. Because of this reduction, FRC's are readily trapped without the need of pulsed gate magnet coils.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865887
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