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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The application of HCMM thermal infrared data to snow hydrology and the prediction of snowmelt runoff was evaluated. Data for the Salt Verde watershed in central Arizona and the southern Sierra Nevada in California were analyzed and compared to LANDSAT and NOAA satellite data, U-2 thermal data, and other correlative data. It was determined that HCMM thermal imagery provides data as accurate for snow mapping as does visible imagery, and that in comparison with the reslution of other satellite imagery, it may be the most useful. Data from the HCMM thermal channel, with careful calibration, provides useful snow surface temperature data for hydrological purposes. An approach to an automated method of analysis is presented.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E82-10191 , NASA-CR-168619 , NAS 1.26:168619 , ERT-P-2061-F
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Some 50 LANDSAT images displaying mesoscale cloud features were analyzed. This analysis was based on the Rayleigh-Kuettner model describing the formation of that type of mesoscale cloud feature. This model lends itself to computation of the average wind speed in northerly flow from the dimensions of the cloud band configurations measured from a LANDSAT image. In nearly every case, necessary conditions of a curved wind profile and orientation of the cloud streets within 20 degrees of the direction of the mean wind in the convective layer were met. Verification of the results by direct observation was hampered, however, by the incompatibility of the resolution of conventional rawinsonde observations with the scale of the banded cloud patterns measured from LANDSAT data. Comparison seems to be somewhat better in northerly flows than in southerly flows, with the largest discrepancies in wind speed being within 8m/sec, or a factor of two.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E77-10009 , NASA-CR-148980 , P-0619
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10272 , NASA-CR-142681 , ERT-P-408-S
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10271 , NASA-CR-142680 , ERT-P-407-S
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. In much of the western United States a large part of the utilized water comes from accumulated mountain snowpacks; thus, accurate measurements of snow distributions are required for input to streamflow prediction models. The application of ERTS-1 imagery for mapping snow has been evaluated for two geographic areas, the Salt-Verde watershed in central Arizona and the southern Sierra Nevada in California. Techniques have been developed to identify snow and to differentiate between snow and cloud. The snow extent for these two drainage areas has been mapped from the MSS-5 (0.6 - 0.7 microns) imagery and compared with aerial survey snow charts, aircraft photography, and ground-based snow measurements. The results indicate that ERTS imagery has substantial practical applications for snow mapping. Snow extent can be mapped from ERTS-1 imagery in more detail than is depicted on aerial survey snow charts. Moreover, in Arizona and southern California cloud obscuration does not appear to be a serious deterrent to the use of satellite data for snow survey. The costs involved in deriving snow maps from ERTS-1 imagery appear to be very reasonable in comparison with existing data collection methods.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10400 , NASA-CR-137223 , ERT-P-407-F
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. The results of the analysis of ERTS imagery for the Arizona and California test sites indicate that the extent of the mountain snowpacks can be mapped from ERTS data in more detail than is depicted in aerial survey snow charts. In addition to comparative analysis with aerial snow charts, the ERTS data have also been compared with high altitude aircraft photography. The results of the comparative analysis indicate that although small details in the snow line that cannot be detected in the ERTS data can be mapped from the higher resolution aircraft data, the boundaries of the areas of significant snow cover can be mapped as accurately from ERTS imagery as from aircraft photography.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10866 , NASA-CR-133355 , Symp. on Management and Utilization of Remote Sensing Data; Oct 29, 1973 - Nov 02, 1973; Sioux Falls, S. D.; United States
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10278 , NASA-CR-130561 , ERT-P-408-3
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nimbus 2 APT photographs used to determine rate of ice disintegration and dispersion over Hudson Bay
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-106478 , REPT-9G45-31 , TR-8
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. This interim report provides a demonstration of the utility of spacecraft acquired Skylab S190A and S190B photography and S192 imagery for mapping areal extent of snow cover in western United States test site areas. The data sample is from the SL-2 mission flown in June 1973. Results of the investigation indicate that areal snow cover extent can be mapped more accurately from the S190A and S190B photography than from any other spacecraft system, including ERTS. The results of a qualitative analysis of the S192 imagery indicate considerable potential for the utility of multispectral snow cover analysis; the potential for distinguishing snow from clouds automatically is particularly significant.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10582 , NASA-CR-138687 , ERT-P-412-7
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Methods of detecting ice and for distinguishing between ice and clouds are discussed, and examples of ERTS-1 data showing ice distributions in northern Hudson Bay, M'Clure Strait, the eastern Beaufort Sea, and the Greenland Sea are presented. The results of the initial analysis of ERTS-1 data indicate that the locations of ice edges and ice concentrations can be accurately mapped, and that considerable information on ice type can be derived through use of the various spectral bands. Ice features as small as 80 to 100 m width can be mapped.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E73-10447 , NASA-CR-131242
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